资源简介

(共31张PPT)
Compulsory 1
Unit 3　Getting along with others
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·福建厦门)
“I'll be there in a few minutes. I'm playing a game with a friend, a guy named Scuzzball，” my 15 year old son shouted from his room. “Oh, what is Scuzzball's real name ” I asked. “I have no idea，” he said. “Where is he from ” I continued. He responded, “I think somewhere in Canada. Oh, wait, it doesn't even matter because Scuzzball just left and he has been replaced with a robot.”
“Your friend is replaced by artificial intelligence ” “It doesn't matter, Dad. It happens all the time! The game continues.” My son doesn't mind playing with a person or a robot, which is typical of games these days. But I wonder whether the face to face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.
Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile. Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for your friend for his sake, not for any benefit you can get. This is selfless friendship. You can have only a couple of these friends because they require lots of time and effort. You must make sacrifices for each other.
Presence in friendship requires “being with” and “doing for”. Perhaps the most defining feature of deep friendship is “doing for”, as my friend has my back in trouble or brings me soup when I'm sick. Only strong bonds have the power to motivate real sacrifices. But it is unclear why online “friends” would bother to do the hard work of friendship. When I asked my students whether they had people in their lives who would bring them soup when they were sick, they laughed at my Stone Age question and said they'd just order soup online themselves.
Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in an example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships.
1. How does the author lead in the topic of the text
A. By quoting famous mottoes.
B. By introducing an online game.
C. By showing robots' irreplaceable role.
D. By presenting a parent child conversation.
2. What does the author mainly explain in paragraph 3
A. The impact of selfish friendship. B. The meaning of deep friendship.
C. Selfless sacrifices in friendship. D. The formation of shallow friendship.
3. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. Robots will have our back in trouble.
B. Virtual friends won't make real sacrifices.
C. The students thought highly of the teacher's question.
D. Ordering food online for friends is an example of “being with”.
4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Digitalized Friendship
B. The Benefits of Digital Life
C. Face to Face Communication
D. The Sacrifices of Online Friends
答案及解析：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章对虚拟世界的友谊进行了探讨并产生了结论——作者认为数字生活产生了虚假的友谊。
1. D　文章结构题。根据第一段“‘I'll be there in a few minutes…Scuzzball just left the game and he has been replaced with a robot.’(‘我几分钟后就到。我在和一个朋友玩游戏，一个叫Scuzzball的家伙，’我15岁的儿子在他的房间里喊道。‘哦，Scuzzball的真名是什么 ’我问。‘我不知道，’他说。‘他是哪里人 ’我接着问。他回答说：‘我想在加拿大的某个地方。哦，等等，这根本不重要，因为Scuzzball刚刚离开了比赛，他被一个机器人取代了。’)”可知，作者通过呈现一段亲子对话来引出文章的主题。故选D。
2. B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Deep friendship, by contrast, is when you care for…You must make sacrifices for each other.(相比之下，深厚的友谊是你为你的朋友着想，而不是为了你能得到的任何好处。这就是无私的友谊。你只能拥有几个这样的朋友，因为他们需要花费大量的时间和精力。你们必须为彼此做出牺牲。)”可知，作者主要在第三段解释了深厚友谊的意义。故选B。
3. B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Only strong bonds have the power to motivate…and said they'd just order soup online themselves.(只有牢固的纽带才能激励人们做出真正的牺牲。但目前尚不清楚为什么网上的‘朋友’会费心去做艰难的友谊工作。当我问我的学生，在他们的生活中是否有人会在生病时给他们送汤时，他们嘲笑我这个石器时代的问题，说他们自己只会在网上点汤。)”可知，虚拟朋友不会做出真正的牺牲。故选B。
4. A　标题归纳题。根据第二段最后一句“I wonder whether the face to face experience of friendship that I grew up with will be lost by our children.(但我想知道我们的孩子是否会失去伴随我成长的那种面对面的友谊体验。)”，第三段第一句“Aristotle, a great thinker and educator, has pointed out that shallow friendship is easily formed but also easily abandoned because such bonds are fragile.(伟大的思想家和教育家亚里士多德指出，肤浅的友谊很容易形成，但也很容易被抛弃，因为这种纽带是脆弱的。)”，第四段第一句“Presence in friendship requires ‘being with’ and ‘doing for’. (友谊的存在需要‘与’和‘为’。)”和最后一段“Digital life fills and absorbs waking life time so that people do not join in an example case of friendship, like sports, collective arts, free range childhoods, etc. In this way, digital life produces false friendships.(数字生活占据并吞并了清醒的生活时间，以至于人们无法参与到友谊中来，如体育运动、集体艺术、自由放养的童年等等。通过这种方式，数字生活产生了虚假的友谊。)”可知，文章对虚拟世界的友谊进行了探讨并产生了结论。故选A。
B
(2025·山东泰安)
Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people hold two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans' essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and develop our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
5. What is Droll's idea about forgiveness
A. People should offer mercy to others.
B. Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C. Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D. People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
6. What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A. To forgive is to love. B. To dominate is to harm.
C. To fight is to grow. D. To give is to receive.
7. What is the writer's attitude toward forgiveness
A. Favorable. B. Reserved.
C. Objective. D. Skeptical.
8. What is the key message of the last paragraph
A. Forgiveness is in our nature. B. Forgiveness grows with time.
C. It takes practice to forgive. D. Actuality is based on potentiality.
答案及解析：本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“宽恕是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了宽恕在个体和群体中的作用和意义。
5. D　细节理解题。根据第一段中“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness…who might then take advantage of them.[在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕者违背了他们的本性，受到了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而那些接受仁慈的人可能会利用他们。]”可知，Droll认为宽恕者违背了他们的本性，受到了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。
6. B　推理判断题。根据第二段中“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings…the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.(研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony (例如，奴隶制作为一种社会和谐模式的效果如何 )”以奴隶社会为例，通过反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。
7. A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans…Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从我们作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和群体的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨并恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在一定程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以修复人际关系，重新建立联系。)”可知，作者认为宽恕在个体和群体的生理和心理完整性方面起关键作用，指出宽恕能够减少仇恨并恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到宽恕可以修复关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于宽恕持支持的态度。故选A。
8. C　段落大意题。根据最后一段“As an important note, when we take a classical philosophical perspective…its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并培养我们宽恕的能力。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了宽恕需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和现实性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备宽恕的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，宽恕并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·山东临沂)
Eight years ago, Al Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench with a spectacular view of the St. Petersburg, Florida, waterfront. “I call it ‘life rising’ because watching a __1__ makes me feel centered before starting my day.”
A year later, a woman stopped to say hello. “She said, ‘You know, every morning when I see you __2__ here, I know that everything is going to be fine,” Nixon recalls. “That's when I knew: I needed to pay __3__ to the people walking past. I needed to make eye contact and let people know that we __4__ to each other.”
Instead of __5__ staring ahead at the waterfront, Nixon started smiling at people and striking up __6__. And pretty soon, more than a few early risers began __7__ him on the bench, sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers, and __8__ problems.
So, every morning, weather __9__, Nixon rises at 4:30 a. m. His presence, his __10__ to listen, and his kindness toward __11__, have led some to nickname him the Sunshine Mayor.
No matter what problem a person wants to air, Nixon __12__ an ear, which even developed some __13__ friendships. “You have to have an open heart and an open head because you never know who's going to __14__ and what they might need,” Nixon says. “Every person who stops by the _15__ deserves my undivided attention.”
1. A.sunset B. woman C. sunrise D. newspaper
2. A.running B. standing C. sitting D. sleeping
3. A.money B. nothing C. price D. attention
4. A.mattered B. talked C. wrote D. shouted
5. A.nearly B. simply C. hardly D. really
6. A.walks B. romances C. music D. conversations
7. A.joining B. leaving C. joking D. judging
8. A.professional B. personal C. national D. traditional
9. A.worsening B. improving C. permitting D. changing
10. A.selfishness B. loneliness C. foolishness D. openness
11. A.strangers B. children C. friends D. colleagues
12. A.trains B. covers C. stops D. lends
13. A.unlovely B. unlikely C. untimely D. unfriendly
14. A.walk up B. dress up C. cheer up D. shut up
15. A.city B. sea C. sun D. bench
答案及解析：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了尼克松在八年前决定用坐在长凳上欣赏海滩风光来开始自己的一天，但是一年后他改变了想法，不仅仅是欣赏风光，他开始对人们微笑，展开对话，学会倾听过往的人们，从而被人们称为“阳光市长”的故事。
1. C　考查名词词义辨析。句意：我称之为“生命崛起”，因为看日出让我在开始新的一天之前感到情绪稳定。A.sunset日落；B.woman妇女；C.sunrise日出；D.newspaper报纸。根据上文“with a spectacular view of the St. Petersburg, Florida, waterfront”和下文“before starting my day”可知，此处的壮观景象指的是日出。故选C。
2. C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：尼克松回忆说：“她说，‘你知道，每天早上我看到你坐在这里，我就知道一切都会好起来的。’”A.running跑；B.standing站着；C.sitting坐；D.sleeping睡觉。根据上文“Al Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench”可知，此处表示坐在长凳上。故选C。
3. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时我才知道：我需要注意路过的人。A.money钱；B.nothing没有什么；C.price价格；D.attention注意。根据下文“Every person who stops by the __15__ deserves my undivided attention.”可知，此处是信息词attention的词汇复现，pay attention to为固定短语，意为“注意……”。故选D。
4. A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：我需要和人们进行眼神交流，让他们知道我们对彼此很重要。A.mattered重要，事关紧要；B.talked谈话；C.wrote写；D.shouted喊叫。根据上文“I needed to make eye contact”可知，进行眼神交流是为了让人们知道彼此的重要性。故选A。
5. B　考查副词词义辨析。句意：尼克松不再只是盯着前面的滨水区看，而是开始对人们微笑并攀谈。A.nearly几乎；B.simply仅仅，只是；C.hardly几乎不；D.really真正地。根据下文“Nixon started smiling at people and striking up __6__.”可知，尼克松不再只是盯着前面的滨水区看。故选B。
6. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.walks步行；B.romances浪漫；C.music音乐；D.conversations谈话。根据下文“sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers, and __8__ problems.”可知，尼克松与早起的人进行攀谈。故选D。
7. A　考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，不少早起的人开始加入他的行列，有时他们会诉说心里的苦衷，向他征求关于人际关系、事业和个人问题的建议。A.joining加入；B.leaving离开；C.joking开玩笑；D.judging判断，判定。根据上文“Nixon started smiling at people and striking up __6__.”可知，不少早起的人开始加入他的行列，坐在长凳上进行攀谈。故选A。
8. B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.professional职业的，专业的；B.personal个人的，私人的；C.national国家的；D.traditional传统的。根据上文“sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers”可知，这些早起的人谈论的都是个人问题。故选B。
9. C　考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，如果天气允许，尼克松每天早上4:30起床。A.worsening使恶化；B.improving提高，改善；C.permitting允许；D.changing改变。根据上文“I call it ‘life rising’ because watching a __1__ makes me feel centered before starting my day.”可知，看日出需要天气晴朗才行，因此是在天气允许的情况下，尼克松都会早起。故选C。
10. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的在场、他的开放倾听、他对陌生人的善意，让一些人给他起了“阳光市长”的绰号。A.selfishness自私；B.loneliness孤独；C.foolishness愚蠢；D.openness开放，坦率。根据下文“You have to have an open heart and an open head”可知，此处表示开放的倾听。故选D。
11. A　考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.strangers陌生人；B.children孩子；C.friends朋友；D.colleagues同事。根据上文“I needed to pay __3__ to the people walking past.”可知，这些过路人对他来说是陌生人。故选A。
12. D　考查动词词义辨析。句意：无论一个人想提出什么问题，尼克松都会倾听，这甚至发展了一些不太可能的友谊。A.trains训练；B.covers覆盖；C.stops停止；D.lends借出。根据上文“sometimes unburdening themselves and asking him for advice about relationships, careers, and __8__ problems”可知，人们向他诉说一些问题，而尼克松则是认真地倾听。lend an ear为固定短语，意为“倾听”。故选D。
13. B　考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.unlovely不好看的；B.unlikely不太可能的；C.untimely不合时宜的；D.unfriendly不友好的。根据上文“His presence, his __10__ to listen, and his kindness toward __11__”可知，他面对的都是陌生人，因此这里表示甚至发展了一些不太可能的友谊。故选B。
14. A　考查动词短语辨析。句意：“你必须有一颗开放的心和一个开放的头脑，因为你永远不知道谁会走过来，他们可能需要什么，”尼克松说。A.walk up沿……走去，走近；B.dress up为……打扮；C.cheer up振作起来，使高兴起来；D.shut up关闭。根据上文“I needed to pay __3__ to the people walking past.”可知，此处表示你永远不知道谁会走过来。故选A。
15. D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一个在长凳前驻足的人都值得我全心全意的关注。A.city城市；B.sea海洋C.sun太阳；D.bench长凳。根据文章第一段的“Al Nixon decided to begin each day from a bench with a spectacular view of the St. Petersburg, Florida, waterfront.”可知，此处是信息词bench的词汇复现。故选D。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2024·山东日照)
During the May Day holiday, numerous messages of people looking for dazi, or activity partners for traveling, 1._________ (post) on the social media platform Xiaohongshu. Earlier this year, several dazi related topics were among the most searched for hashtags on Sina Weibo, 2._________ (stimulate) heated discussions among young people. In some ways, activities using dazi have become 3.__________ new form of social communication.
4. __________ friendships, the concept of dazi is more customizable. It is 5.__________ (definite) centered on companionship fields. The idea is simple—random individuals come together 6.__________ (join) in an activity they all enjoy. With one or several dazi, people can experience deeper fun in the activities they are interested in.
were posted
stimulating
a
Unlike
definitely
to join
In addition to the 7.__________ (share) interests, another major advantage of dazi compared to normal relationships is 8.__________ (it) simplicity. Some dazi are only temporary, but even longer lasting ones are cast in the same mould (模式), where the topics discussed tend to be focused and relaxed.
“9.__________ my meal dazi doesn't go to school someday, I'll not be so sad for the rest of the day,” said Shi Zhimin, a 17 year old student from Shanxi Province. “Traditional 10.__________ (friendship) require a lot of time and emotion to maintain, but having a dazi means not needing to carry those burdens,” she added.
shared
its
If/When
friendships
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。在五一假期期间，社交媒体平台小红书上发布了大量寻找“搭子”，也就是旅行伙伴的信息。在某些方面，使用“搭子”的活动已经成为一种新的社交形式。
1. were posted　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在五一假期期间，社交媒体平台小红书上发布了大量寻找“搭子”，也就是旅行伙伴的信息。根据“During the May Day holiday”可知，此处描述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。动词post意为“发布”，和主语messages构成被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数形式，be动词使用were。故填were posted。
2. stimulating　考查非谓语动词。句意：今年早些时候，几个与搭子相关的话题成为新浪微博上搜索量最高的话题标签，引发了年轻人的热烈讨论。动词stimulate意为“促进，激发(某事物)”，和系动词之间没有连词，和句子构成主动关系，且表示意料之中的结果，应用现在分词，作状语。故填stimulating。
3. a　考查冠词。句意：在某种程度上，有搭子的活动已经成为一种新的社交形式。form意为“形式”，为可数名词，此处为第一次出现，应用不定冠词。new的开头发音为辅音音素，应用a。故填a。
4. Unlike　考查介词。句意：与友谊不同，搭子的概念更具可定制性。根据“the concept of dazi is more customizable”可知，此处是指搭子不像友谊，应用介词unlike表示“不像”。句首首字母应大写。故填Unlike。
5. definitely　考查副词。句意：它肯定以伴侣领域为中心。此处修饰动词，应用副词definitely“肯定”，作状语。故填definitely。
6. to join　考查非谓语动词。句意：这个想法很简单——随机的人聚在一起参加一项他们都喜欢的活动。根据“random individuals come together”和“in an activity they all enjoy”可知，此处是指随机的人聚在一起是为了参加一项他们都喜欢的活动，应用动词不定式，作目的状语。故填to join。
7. shared　考查非谓语动词。句意：除了共同的兴趣爱好外，与普通的关系相比，搭子的另一个主要优点是简单。此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词interest，share的形容词形式shared表示“共同的”。故填shared。
8. its　考查代词。句意同上。此处用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。
9. If/When　考查连接词。句意：“如果/当有一天我的饭搭子没来上学，我这一整天也不会很难过，”来自山西省的17岁学生石志敏说。根据“my meal dazi doesn't go to school someday, I'll not be so sad for the rest of the day”可知，此处是指如果/当有一天饭搭子没来上学。所以应用连词if表示“如果”引导条件状语从句或when表示“当……时”引导时间状语从句。句首首字母应大写。故填If或When。
10. friendships　考查名词。句意：“传统的友谊需要大量的时间和情感来维持，而拥有‘搭子’意味着不需要承担这些负担，”她补充道。Traditional前无限定词，且谓语动词require用的复数形式，应用名词复数。故填friendships。

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