资源简介

(共56张PPT)
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
By the end of this period, you will be able to:
find out the stages of scientific research in this passage;
learn about John Snow’s research process and analyze John Snow’s characters；
express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking;
analyze the structure of Problem-Solution pattern.
Learning objectives
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
What disease can you think of when you look at these pictures
COVID-19
Summary
④
Besides coronavirus, what other kinds of epidemics （流行病）do you konw
bird-flu（禽流感）
malaria [m leri ]（疟疾）
plague[ple ɡ]
（鼠疫）
Ebola [ b l ] (埃博拉)
①
②
③
Who Helped Defeat Malaria
Lead in
Pre-reading
Post-reading
While-reading
Summary
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
Watch the video & answer 3 questions
① What’s wrong with the boy’s father
② How is the disease spread
③ What are the symptoms (症状) of Cholera？
Summary
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
Summary
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
How is the disease spread
polluted water
flies
unwashed hands
Summary
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
What are the symptoms (症状)of Cholera？
diarrhoea
severe vomiting
dehydration
Summary
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
How should the boy and the nurse help his father & the villagers
Summary
Pre-reading
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Activity1: According to the title and pictures, predict what the text is going to tell us .
John Snow Defeats King Cholera
Who？
How
What
The text is mainly about and he defeated king cholera
John Snow
how
Summary
John Snow desired to ________ cholera.
John Snow decided to prove __________ theory.
Snow began his study by ___________________.
________________ of the infection of cholera.
Activity 3: Find out the main idea of each paragraph.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
The results and the _____________of Snow’s work.
Para. 5
What &Who
How
The truth
Results
destroy
the second
marking on a map
The truth
significance
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
Summary
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity3: Read for details
Who was John Snow
John Snow
a _______ doctor, ________________
British
young and famous
what
who
__________ Queen Victoria
attended to
never __________________________
lost his desire to destroy cholera
Para.1
Summary
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity3: Read for details
Cholera
what
when/where
result
one of the most feared diseases
In the early 19th century/ Europe
Millions of people died.
What is King Cholera
Para.1
Summary
How did John Snow defeat King Cholera
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe diarrhoea, dehydration and even death. In the early19th century, when an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease. As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time, he rose to become a famous doctor, and even attended to Queen Victoria when she gave birth. However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all.
Draw a conclusion
Collect data
Ask a question
Find a problem
Analyse the results
Find supporting evidence
Think of a method
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Post-reading
Summary
Activity4: Discuss the following stage of scientific research in groups and put them into correct order.
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Read for details----Find the details about the seven stages.
Para. 2
Stage 1: find a problem
Theory 1:
caused by ________
bad air
Theory 2:
caused by ________
an infection from germs
What were the 2 contradictory theories
Which theory did he subscribe to
Summary
In general, doctors in those days had two contradictory theories to explain how cholera spread. One theory was that bad air caused the disease. The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. Snow subscribed to the second theory. It was correct, but he still needed proof. Consequently, when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate. He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Read for details----Find the details about the seven stages.
Stage 2-3: ask a question & think of a method
Para. 2
Why did so many people die in these 2 streets
Summary
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Based on Para.3, marked all the numbers mentioned on the map.
What does the stand for
multiple death
What does the stand for
no death
Summary
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Based on Para.3, analyze the results
What conclusion could John Snow draw
The water pump
was to blame.
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Find supporting evidence & Draw a conclusion
Place
Person
Event
In another part of London
A woman and her daughter
Died of cholera because of drinking the water delivered from the pump
Remove the handle of the pump
The disease was stopped.
Pump water carried the cholera germs.
Summary
A: It was believed that cholera was caused by bad ____ or germs in _______________.
B:Snow___________________the places where the people who _____ had lived
C: Many deaths occurred near the ___________ in Broad Street.
Some people __________ drunk the water from the pump, and lived.
A woman and her daughter died in another part of London after ___________
_____________.
D: The pump water carried
____________.
E: The _______ of the pump was removed.
handle
air
food or water
marked on the
died
water pump
hadn’t
drinking water
cholera germs
map
from the pump
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Read from Para.2-3 again and complete the chart below.
Summary
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple deaths near the water pump in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16. 37.38, and 40). However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump. Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame. What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. As a result of this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used. Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Read Para.4 and answer.
What caused the outbreak of cholera in London in 1854
A. Bad air
B. Water infected by raw waste
C. Polluted
D. Water polluted by air
Summary
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London. Some companies sold water from the RiverThames that was polluted by raw waste. The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
Lead in
Post-reading
While-reading
Pre-reading
Activity4: Read Para.5 and answer.
What contributions did John Snow make
Summary
Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem. Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it. Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of JohnSnow. Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases. For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
Lead in
Pre-reading
diligent
hard-working
ambitious
serious/strict
innovative
passionate
While-reading
Post-reading
Q1:What qualities do you think the John has
Summary
Lead in
While-reading
Post-reading
Pre-reading
Q2:Can you give the boy some advice on saving his father
Drink boiled water
Wash hands often
heat the food left over night
Cook raw food thoroughly
Deal with rubbish timely
and properly
Summary
collect data
find a problem
ask a question
Evidence Analisys
Jhon Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
proplem/
background
theories
process
evidence
solution
Post-reading
Lead in
Pre-reading
While-reading
Summary
draw a conclusion
Language points
1.As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated
because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.
由于当时没人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生感到很沮丧。
(1)be frustrated with/at 对……感到沮丧/懊恼/失望
(2)frustrate vt. 使沮丧；使懊恼
frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的
frustration n. 沮丧；懊恼；失望
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①After letting go of his anger and ___________
(frustrate), he found himself on a road to sympathy instead.
frustration
② After several ___________ (frustrate) hours of
unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching
the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
frustrating
③__________ (frustrate) with the constant noise from the nearby
construction site, the residents complained to the local council.
Frustrated
◆完成句子
④I'm sorry to hear about your worries and I understand
_______________________. (应用文写作之建议信)
很遗憾得知你的担忧，我理解你有多沮丧。
how frustrated you are
⑤_______________________, she sat in the corner, tears
streaming down her face.(读后续写之心理与表情描写)
既沮丧又绝望，她坐在角落里，泪水从脸上滑落。
Frustrated and hopeless
2.The other was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.
另一种看法是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。
(1)infect vt. 使感染;传染
infect sb with… 使某人感染……;使某人充满……(的感情)
get/be/become infected with 感染上……,传染上……
(2)infected adj. 被感染的;受细菌污染的;感染病菌的
infectious adj. 传染性的；有感染力的
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The importance of washing one's hands before a meal is that
it prevents _________ (infect).
②The old man's sad story infected the listeners _____ sorrow,
and many people couldn't help but shed tears.
③The doctor is treating an _________ (infect) patient with great
care to prevent the spread of the disease.
④Her __________ (infect) enthusiasm for life inspired everyone
around her to pursue their dreams fearlessly.
infection
with
infected
infectious
3.Snow subscribed to the second theory.
斯诺赞同第二种看法。
(1)subscribe to 同意,赞成;订阅,订购;定期捐款
(2)subscription n. (报刊等的)订阅费;订阅,订购;捐款
subscriber n. 订阅人,订购者;定期捐款者,定期捐助者
【活学活用】
◆一词多义
①The company advises us to subscribe 50 yuan to the relief
fund.______
②She decided to subscribe to the new streaming service for
access to her favourite TV shows.__________
③He subscribed to the idea that hard work leads to success.
__________
捐款
订阅;订购
同意;认同
4.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
(1)suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做)某事
suspect sb to be… 怀疑某人是……
(2)suspicious adj. 感觉可疑的,怀疑的;可疑的
(3)suspected adj. 有嫌疑的,疑似……的
(4)suspicion n. 怀疑；嫌疑
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The police suspect him ___ theft as some valuable items went
missing after he visited the house.
of
②The building, in which the police found several __________
(suspect) packages, was blocked off immediately to ensure public
safety.
suspicious
◆完成句子/一句多译
She gave me a long look, ____________________________
about my claim that a gust of wind had blown everything out
of place.(读后续写之心理描写)
她久久地注视着我，眼中满是怀疑，她对我所说的一阵狂风把所有
东西都吹得乱七八糟的说法表示怀疑。
her eyes filled with suspicion
5.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
(1)blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做了)某事而责备某人
blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for…) (因……)应受责备,(为……)应承担责任
(2)bear/take/accept/shoulder the blame (for sth) (对某事)承担责任
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The police blamed the traffic accident ____ Jack's careless
driving.
②________ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer
network, Alice was in low spirits.
on
Blamed
③Some people blame the smartphone ____ the incident, yet in
fact people's weakening self-control and self-discipline are
__________ (blame).
for
to blame
◆完成句子
The truth was that the polluted water rather than food and
vegetables _________________ the outbreak of the disease.
事实上,是受污染的水而不是食物和蔬菜应为这种疾病的爆发负责任。
was to blame for
6.Through Snow's tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.
通过斯诺的不懈努力,供水公司开始出 售洁净水,世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。
(1)a sharp/marked decrease in… 在……方面急剧/明显减少
on the decrease 在减少
(2)decrease to… 下降到……;减少到……
decrease by… 下降了……;减少了……
(3)increase v. & n. 增加
on the increase 在增加
［温馨提示］ 在动词decrease/drop/fall/reduce“下降,减少”和
increase/rise“增加,上升”之后,接介词by/to表示增减度。
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The population growth rate decreased ____ 1.4% last year,
according to the report.
②The water level in the river decreased ____ its lowest point in
ten years.
by
to
7.Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics, Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.
此外,通过使用地图和数据,斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。
(1)transform…into… 把……转变成……
(2)transformation n. 转变;转换;改革;变形
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①The Chinese coach transformed Douglas
_____ one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her
skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the
top of the sport.
into
②The health security systems of many countries
are undergoing considerable ______________ (transform).
transformation
③Over the past few years, many solar farm
developers _________________ (transform) the space under their
solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators,
resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.
have transformed
8.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
幸运的是,由于约翰·斯诺的努力,我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。
due to 由于,因为
owing to 由于,因为
because of 由于,因为
on account of 由于
as a result of 作为……的结果,因为
as a consequence of/in consequence of 由于,因为
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①Thanks ____ them, a family was
saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honoured
for their courage.
to
②I've been moving from one city to the next
because ___ my dad's job.
③_______ (owe) to the rapid development of technology, online
shopping has become an essential part of our daily lives.
of
Owing
重点句型
1.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.
一种看法是糟糕的空气引起了这种疾病。
真相是来自宽街水泵的水已经被废物污染了。
表语从句
以上两句都是复合句,都属于“主语+系动词+表语从句”的结构,即“名词+be (is/was/are/were)+表语从句”。
重点句型
2.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
宾语从句
so…that…引导结果状语从句
so
adj./adv.
adj.+a(n)+可数名词单数
many/few+可数名词复数
much/little+不可数名词
such
a(n)+adj.+可数名词单数
adj.+不可数名词
adj.+可数名词复数
【活学活用】
◆单句填空
①You can't imagine ______ little birds can eat ____ many
insects in ______ a short time.
②When the football fans saw Beckham, they got ____ excited
that they cried out.
③There was ______ a heavy fog that one couldn't see further
than five metres.
such
so
such
so
such
Assessment
How many stars will you give yourself
Checklist
Master some reading skills,eg. scanning,skimming, detailed-reading,etc.
know the stages of scientific research
master the structure of Problem-Solution pattern
express your idea on the given topic through creative thinking
1.Read the passage and review the words and expressions.
2.Write a news report as a journalist about Jhon’s achievement, using at least 5 key parases from the text.
HOMEWORK

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