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(共97张PPT)
The Attributive clause
定语从句
1.定语：用来 修饰、限定名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’来表示。
若起修饰、限定作用的是句子，则为定语从句。
What is the function of the underlined part
I bought a wood desk.
Tom is a handsome boy.
The little boy needs a blue pen.
The boy in the classroom needs a pen.
The pen bought by her is made in China.
The man standing there is my teacher.
She is a girl who is wearing glasses.
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时常放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
The Attributive clause
定语从句
热身练习: 画出下面句子中的定语
The Attributive clause
定语从句
构成：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词：引导定从，也叫引导词，具有三个作用：
A.引导连接定从；B.指代先行词；C.在定从中充当一成分
She is a girl （who ） is wearing glasses.
先行词
关系词
定语从句
09
01
02
03
04
05
08
07
06
that
which
who
whom
whose
when
where
why
as
人
物
物
人
人
人,物
时间
地点
原因
人,物
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省
that 人、物 主、宾、表 作宾语可省
which 物 主、宾、定 作宾语可省
who 人 主、宾 作宾语可省
whom 人 宾 作宾语可省
whose 人、物(的) 定 不可省
as 人、物 主、宾、表 作宾语可省
关系代词
1. that指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
a. Where is the man (that/whom/who) I saw this morning
b. The season that/which comes after
spring is summer.
2．which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾
语，做宾语时常可省略。
a. Football is a game which is liked by
most boys.
b. The film (which) they went to see
last night was not interesting at all.
c. The year (which) Angela and her family spent together in Beijing was 2008.
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.
(1) 先行词是all, few, little, much, everything, anything, nothing, anything, every, no, some, any, 等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
(2)There be 句型中，指物用that。
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
This is the third time (that) I am in Beijing.
(4)先行词被 the only, the very, the same,
the right, just, the last等修饰。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most
(5)当先行词既有人又有物。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
(6)主句以who或which引导的特殊疑问句， 为避免重复用that。
Who is the girl that drove the car
(7)先行词在定从中做表语时用that。
She isn’t the girl that she was ten years ago.
The city is no longer the place that it used to be.
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and sheep _______ were on the farm.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree ______ is in front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______I have ever read.
5.There is nothing in the world _______can frighten me.
6.Who is the man _______is reading under the tree
7.I know all people are from that village.
8.The first gift I got this year is a bear.
9.There is no water is needed badly.
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
that
练一练：
(1)先行词为that, those, 为避免重复，用which.
What’s that which is under the desk
(2) 关系代词前有介词(介词提前)，用which.
This is the room in which he lives.
(3) 在非限制性定语从句中，用which.
Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
(4)关系代词在定从中作定语，有时用which.
He may be late, in which case we should wait for him.
He lost his temper, at which point I decided to leave here.
在下列情况下,一般只用which而不用that。
练一练：
1.The school in he once studied is very famous.
2. Tom came back， made us very happy.
3. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon______ school education depends.
4. Those are many trees under _____ they can have a rest.
5. It might show this weekend in ______ case we won’t go hiking.
which
which
which
which
which
1. who指人,作主语或宾语。作宾语可略。
A person who steals things is called a thief.
Mencius was another influential teacher who follows confucius’s ideas.
A solider who doesn’t want to be a general is not a good solider.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,但介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to just now is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked just now is Mr. Li.
I often write to my penfriend who has been working for 2 years.
1）当先行词是指人的不定代词one, ones, anyone, anybody, all, no one, nobody, those，等时用who;
God helps those who help themselves.
Those who support my plan put up your hands.
2）当先行词是人称代词 he, they 等时, 用who。
He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.
3）在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人，用 who。
I want him, who knows some English and French.
4）强调句，若被强调部分是人，在强调句中多用who。
I think it is you who should come here tomorrow.
在下列情况下,一般只用who，而不用that。
练一练：
1.Those ____ want to go to the park must be
at the school gate at 7 tomorrow.
2. The man, _______ is watching TV, is our headmaster.
3. Only those ______ have a lot in common can
get along well.
4. The film star, ____ tries to make a comeback,
draws a lot of attention.
5. It is Dashan _____ has been learning the Chinese comedic tradition wants to mix it up with the western tradition.
who
who
who
who
who
3. whose 在定从中作定语,与后面的名词为所属关系。whose多指人,也可指物。
1. Confucius is the philosophier whose influence has been the greatest.
2. Do you know the girl whose father is a mayor
3. I lost my reference book whose cover is blue.
4. Do you enjoy the movie whose plot is really amazing
考点：
当whose指物时,可与 of which互换。
whose+n = the+n+ of+which = of which +the+n
当whose指人时,可与 of whom互换。
whose+n = the+n +of +whom = of whom +the+n
2. Do you know the girl whose father is a mayor
4. Do you enjoy the movie whose plot is really amazing
2句可以替换为：
Do you know the girl the father of whom is a mayor
Do you know the girl of whom the father is a mayor
4句可以替换为：
Do you enjoy the movie the plot of which is really amazing
Do you enjoy the movie of which the plot is really amazing
在下列横线上填适当的关系词.
(1) Please take any seat is free.
(2) That is the very book I was looking for.
(3) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing he owns.
(4) The speaker spoke of some writers and books were popular then.
(5) Who is the worker took some pictures of the factory.
(6) The doctor you are looking for is in the room.
(7) Do you know the man is talking with your father
(8) The house ____________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.
(9) The earthquake___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in history.
(10) A company _____ profits from home decreases may seek opportunities abroad.
(11) The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of victims_______ lives were affected.
that
that
that
that
that
(whom/who/ that)
who/ that
(which/that)
which/that
whose
whose
1. as引导限制性定从，不单独使用，常出现在the same…as, such…as, as…as, so…as, 等固定搭配中。
He bought the same pen as you did yesterday.
This is not such a book as I expected.
You can take as many as you need.
She is so kind a boy as we all like.
She is such a kind boy as we all like.
as引导定从，作主语、宾语和表语。
2.当as引导非限制性定从，后面常接下列搭配：
1．as we all know 正如我们都知道的
2．as we all can see 正如我们都能看到的
3．as is known/said 正如大家所知/所说
4. as was expected/reported 正如预料/报道的那样
5．as has been said before 如上所述
6．as may be imagined 正如可以想象出来的那样
7. as often happens 正如经常发生的
8. as is often the case 正如常有的情况
1. Einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist.
2. As is reported, China has become an
important country in the world.
3. Taiwan belongs to China, as is known to
all.
4. He came to attend the meeting, as
is expected.
5. He was absent, as is often the case.
as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别
1.which引导的非限定从不能放在主句前，可放在句中和主句后；
as引导的非限定从, 可放主句前、句中 或 主句后。
The movie, which I have watched three times, is very touching.
The movie, as I have watched three times, is very touching.
Mary was late for school, which often happened.
Mary was late for school, as often happened.
As is known to all, the earth is round.
It is known to all that the earth is round. (主从)
As is often said, no pains no gains.
It is often said that no pains no gains. (主从)
2. as引导的非限定从，常翻译“正如”，而且已经形成
固定结构.
which引导非限定从，常翻译“这一点，这件事”
翻译下列句子：
Mary was late for school, as often happened.
正如经常发生(那样), 玛丽上学迟到。
Mary was late for school, which often happened.
玛丽上学迟到，这件事经常发生。
She is very hardworking, as is shown in her study.
她很努力，正如她在学习中表现出的一样。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was
more than we could expect.
天气很好，这一点超出了我们的预料。
3. as 引导非限制性定从只能用来 指代一句话（主句），
which 不仅可以指代一句话（主句），还可以指代主句的
一部分，以及指代先行词。
There was a book store around here, as I remember.
He has made great progress, which made us very happy.
I still remeber the people and things I met in the village,
which left a deep impression on me.
When deep in thought,which he often was, he would forget
all around him.
4. as 指代一句话和which 指代一句话的用法区别:
当主句 和 从句语义一致时，用as；
当主从句语义不一致 或 从句语义为否定时，用which。
He made a long speech, ________ was expected.
He made a long speech, _________was unexpected.
Tom drinks a lot every day, _________ his wife doesn’t like at all.
as
which
which
正如
这件事
这一点
1.限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用；并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，这种从句不能省略，否则主句的意思就不完整、不明确；它与主句之间通常没有逗号。
A soldier who does not want to be a general is not a good soldier.
2.非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充或说明作用；如果省略，也不影响主句的意思，主句也能独立存在；它与主句之间通常用逗号隔开。
The accident, which took place in Kingston, a town southwest of London, happened because of the fog.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区别：
（1）结构不同
限制性定语从句常紧接在先行词后，主、从句间没有逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间常用逗号分开。
A doctor is a person who looks after people’s health.
医生就是关照人们健康的人。(限制性定语从句)
As you know, I don’t like drinking or smoking.
你知道的，我不喜欢喝酒、抽烟。(非限制性定语从句)
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
（2）功能不同。
限制性定语从句对先行词进行修饰、限制；非限制性定语从句对先行词进行补充、说明。
He asked me a question which was about my study at school.
他问了一个有关我在学校学习的问题。(限制性定语从句)
This is my motorbike, which was sent to me by my uncle.
这是我的摩托车，它是我的叔叔送的。(非限制性定语从句)
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
（3）先行词不同
限制性定语从句的先行词一般是名词或代词，非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、短语或整个句子。
I know nothing that happened last night.
昨天晚上所发生的事情我一点儿也不知道。
（限制性定语从句修饰前面的nothing。）
He has made great progress, which makes us happy.
他进步很大，这使我们大家很高兴。
（非限制性定语从句说明前面整个主句的内容。）
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
（4）翻译成汉语的意思不同。
限制性定语从句一般要译成定语，“...的”；
非限制性定语从句一般要译成两个半句，即把非限制性定语从句单独译成一句话放在主句之后，补充说明主句。
The car which he drives was bought last year.
他开的那辆车是去年买的。(限制性定语从句)
He drives a new car, which was bought last year.
他开着一辆新车，这车是去年买的。(非限制性定语从句)
总结：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
名词 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
分类 标准 与先行词关系紧密 与先行词或主句关系不紧密
作用 修饰或限制先行词 对先行词起限定作用。 对先行词或主句
作附加的补充、说明作用。
能否 省略 不可省略， 否则原句意思不完整。 若省略，原句仍然成立。
省略对原句的意义不影响。
结构 不用逗号与主句隔开。 用逗号与主句隔开。
先行词 名词或代词 名词、代词、短语、句子
关系词 A.作宾语时可省略。 B.可用that, why C.可用who代替whom A.作宾语时不可省略
B.不用that, why
C.不用who代替whom
翻译 译为先行词的定语， “……的”。 译为两个半句，即并列句。
关系副词
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省
when 时间 (时间)状语 否
where 地点 (地点)状语 否
why 原因 (原因)状语 否
I’ll never forget the day when we played together.
on which
1.when引导定从时，先行词往往是表示时间的名词,
在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于介词(in/on/at/ during)+which。
Gone are the days when China only relied on foreign
technology to develop.
注意：若先行词是表示时间的定语从句，但定从缺主语或宾语，则还是需用which, that 引导。
I still remember the day (that/which) we spent together.
during which
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
The airport where he landed is built by a richer.
注意：若先行词是表示地点的定从，但定从缺主语或宾语，则还是需用which, that 引导。
This is the house (which/that) I lived in two years ago.
The airport (which/that) he landed at is built by a richer.
2.where引导定从时，先行词往往是表示地点的名词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词(in/on/at/to) + which”。
in which
at which
where 引导的定从，先行词不仅仅是具体地点名词，还可以是抽象的地点名词，如情况case, condition,situation, 程度point, degree，气氛atmosphere 。
甚至还有物质名词，如 story, movie,website, heart, mind等。
You may meet these cases where you seem to know a word but you can’t know the meaning of it.
I still remember her face where there was always a big smile.
in which
on which
3. why引导定语从句，先行词常常是reason， 若why在从句中作原因状语, 只能替换为for which。
The reason why/for which natural disaters break out frequently is that the global warming is becoming more and more serious.
注意：若先行词是表示原因的定从，但定从缺主语或宾语，则还是需用which, that 引导。
The reason that /which you gave me is not accepted.
1.This is the shop _________ I buy bread.
2.This is the shop _________ sells bread.
3.I’ll never forget the days ________ we studied together.
4. I’ll never forget the days ________ I spent with some foreign students.
5. He told me the reason _______ he didn’t come to school.
6.He couldn’t believe the reason ________ the worker gave him.
7.This is the factory _________ we visited last week.
8.This is the factory ______my father has worked for 10 years.
9. I still remember the days_____ I lived in the countryside.
10. I still remember the day________ I went to school for the first time.
11. The reason _____ he was late again was _____ he got stuck in the rain.
12.The reason_______ he explained to me was not reasonable.
where
that/which
when
that/which
why
that/which
that/which
where
when
when
why
that
that/which
1.“介词+关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句，又能引导非限制性从句。
先行词指物时，关系代词用which；
先行词指人时，关系代词用whom.
This is the village in which I was born.
This is the man for whom I am working.
注意：介词放在关系代词前，不能省略关系代词。
但是若介词放在定从的末尾，则可以省略关系代词。
You are not the first person I have said no to.
（省略关系代词whom）
Can you lend me the magazine you talked about yesterday （省略关系代词that）
“介词＋关系代词”引导定从
“介词+关系代词”结构
(1) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。
I remember the day on which I joined the Party.
I remember the days during which I lived there.
This is the very hospital in which he was born.
I can’t remember the age at which he won the first prize.
2. “介词＋关系代词”引导定从时，介词的确定
(2).根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。
This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars.
This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars.
The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.
Who is the man with whom you shook hands？
(3).根据意义来选择介词。
All the living things on the earth need air without which we couldn’t live.
I can’t find the pen with which I was writing.
拓展：
“介词+关系代词”前可含有不定代词、数词或名词等。
常见结构：some/several/many/more/most/a few/...percent/ ...quarter
I have two sisters, both of whom live in the countryside.
He gave several reasons, few of which/of which few were valid.
I have seen many newly-produced films by Steven Spilberg, none of which is more interesting than The Jaws.
The old man has three sons, two of whom are doctors.
我有很多朋友，其中一些是商人。(一句多译)
I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.
I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen.
I have many friends, and some of them are businessmen.
“介词+关系代词”结构
在横线上填上恰当的介词。
1. The reason ________ which he was late was that he was stuck in a traffic jam.
2. The film ____ which he played the role was a great success.
3. The man _______ whom I received a letter was my brother.
4. The chair _____ which you spent 500 yuan is now worth 5000 yuan now.
5. I still remember her face ____ which there is always a big smile.
6. I travelled for three months ______ which 30 days was spent in the sea.
for
in
from
on
on
of
定语从句的其他考点：
1.先行词是the way时的定语从句
the way 作先行词表示“方式，方法，手段”，
(1)若先行词在从句中作主语，宾语等，定语从句用that或which引导, 作宾语时可以省略。
我采纳了他介绍给我的方法。
I adopted the way (that/ which) he introduced to me.
(2)若先行词在从句中作状语，用that 或 in which引导，
也可以省略；
我不喜欢他跟你谈话的方式。
I don’t like the way （that/ in which）he speaks to you.
定语从句的其他考点：
2.先行词是time时的定语从句
time作先行词既表示“次数 ”；又可以表示“时间，时代”
(1)time若表示次数，用that 引导，that可省略；
这（那）是我第一次坐飞机旅行。
This is the first time (that) I have travelled by plane.
This was the first time (that) I had travelled by plane.
(2)time若表示一段时间,时代，且在定从中作状语用when或介词+which引导。
他生活在一个没有汽车的时代。
He lived in a time when/during which there were no cars.
定语从句的其他考点：
3.定语从句中的主谓一致
（1）若关系代词在定从中作主语，其后谓语动词的
人称和数与先行词保持一致。
Here’s a letter from Mr. Brown, who wants to come to Paris.这是布朗先生的来信，他想来巴黎。
Here’s a letter from the Browns, who want to come to Paris.这是布朗一家的来信，他们想来巴黎。
定语从句的其他用法
3.定语从句中的主谓一致
（2）“one of+复数名词”结构中，后接谓语动词时，
谓语动词常用复数，但在“the (only) one of +复数名词”，定从的谓语动词用单数形式。
He is one of the students who are often late.
他是经常迟到的学生之一。（迟到的学生不止一个。）
He is the (only) one of the students who is often late.
他是唯一一个经常迟到的学生。（迟到的学生只有一个。）
定语从句中的主谓一致练习：
关系词在定从中作主语时，其谓语动词的人称和数要根据先行词或者引导词所指内容而定。
1. Here are such sentences as _______(be)often used by the students.
2. I, who _____(be)a Party member, should work hard for our country.
3. He was one of the students who ________ (be)praised for it.
4. He was the only one of the students who ______(be)praised for it.
are
am
were
was
Exercises
（三）易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句
1． 定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：
①We all have heard the news _________ our team won.
②We don’t believe the news ___________ he told us yesterday.
that
(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)
that/which
(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语)
2． 定语从句与状语从句。试比较：
① He left the key___________ he had been an hour before.
② He left the place ___________he lived for many years.
③ He is such a good teacher ____________all of us love and respect.
where
(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where)
where
(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place)
as
(as 引导定语从句)
① He is such a good teacher _________we all like him.
3． 定语从句与主语从句。试比较：
① ___________is known to us all, paper was first made in China.
② ___________is known to us all that paper was first made in China.
that
(that引导结果状语从句,such…that… “如此…以致…”
As
(as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)
It
(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句)
4．定语从句与强调结构。试比较：
① It is the house __________I met the young man.
② It was in the house ___________I met the young man.
where
(where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语
从句中作地点状语)
that
(本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.)
当先行词受the same 修饰时，有时也用 that引导定语从句，但与as引导的定语从句意思有区别。
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
注意：
1. 定语从句的谓语应与先行词保持一致：
①Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that have been produced in Holleywood.
②The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.
③Tom is not the only one of the boys who have passed the exam.
2. ①I, who am your teacher, will try my best to help you.
②To own a computer in families, which we thought was impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true.
3. 定语从句中的主谓一致
引导词在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词人称和数要根据引导词所指内容而定。例如：
①. Here are such sentences as _______often used by the students.
②. I, who ______a Party member, should work hard for our country.
③. He was one of the students who ________praised for it.
④. He was the only one of the students who ________praised for it.
are
am
were
was
4. 易与定语从句混淆的其他复合句
⑴． 定语从句与同位语从句
定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系“……的（名词）”。而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表事实或概念的抽象名词，如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。that在定语从句中作成分，可用which 或who/whom代替；而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。试比较：
① We all have heard the news _________ our team won.
② We don’t believe the news ___________ he told us yesterday.
that
(同位语从句，that从句表示news的内容，that 在从句中不作任何成分)
that/which
(定语从句，that 作told 的宾语)
⑵． 定语从句与状语从句。试比较：
① He left the key___________ he had been an hour before.
② He left the place ___________he lived for many years.
③ He is such a good teacher ____________all of us love and respect.
where
(where引导地点状语从句，相当于in the place where)
where
(where 引导定语从句，修饰the place)
as
(as 引导定语从句)
① He is such a good teacher _________we all like him.
⑶． 定语从句与主语从句。试比较：
① ___________is known to us all, paper was first made in China.
② ___________is known to us all that paper was first made in China.
that
(that引导结果状语从句,such…that… “如此…以致…”
As
(as 引导定语从句，指代整个主句内容，可置于句首)
It
(it 做形式主语，代替that 引导的主语从句)
⑷．定语从句与强调结构。试比较：
① It is the house __________I met the young man.
② It was in the house ___________I met the young man.
where
(where 引导定语从句，修饰house，where在定语
从句中作地点状语)
that
(本句为强调结构，可还原为I met the young man in the house.)
★ the same…that…和the same…as…的区别
I have bought the same watch as you have.
我买了一块和你一样的手表。
（我的手表和你的手表很像，但不是同一块。）
This is the same watch that I lost.
这就是我丢的那块手表。
（这手表和我丢的手表是同一块）
She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore.
她穿了一条与她妹妹穿的一样的裙子。
She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿的这条裙子就是她在玛丽婚礼上穿的那条。
★ such..., so nice a day…短语后缺少一个成分时，一般用as引导定语从句；
so/such …that不缺少成分时，用that 引导状语从句。
It’s so nice a day _________ we all want to have a walk along the river.
It’s so special a day _________ I’ll never forget all my life.
that
as
Here is so big a stone ________ no man can lift.
This is so big a stone _______ no man can lift it.
as
that
4. 分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句
限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物; 主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开
非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明, 没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整.一般用逗号把主句和从句分开
引导词: 关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略
引导词: as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略
非限制性定语从句举例：
1. His mother, who loves him very much, is
strict with him.
2. China, which was founded in 1949, is
becoming more and more powerful.
3. Last summer I visited the People’s Great
Hall, in which many important meetings
are held every year.
1. Her brother who is now a soldier always
encourages her to go to college.

Her brother, who is now a soldier,
always encourages her to go to college.
(她可能还有其他哥哥不当兵。)
(她只有这一个哥哥。)
2. All the books that have pictures in
them are well written.
All the books, which have pictures in
them, are well written.

(带插图的书写得好。)
(所有的书都写的很好。所有的书都带插图)
Exercises
1. It is the young man _______ looked for _______ caught the murderer.
A.that …who B. that …they
C . they …that D they…which
2. Is this factory _______ we visited last year
A. where B in which
C. the one D at which
3. The book, the cover _______ is broken, is not mine.
A. of it B for C whose D of which
4. This is Mr. Smith, _____ I think has something interesting to tell you.
A . who B whom C. that D. x
5. Who _______ has seen the TV film doesn’t admire it
A . that B who C which D as
6. You can never imagine what great trouble I have had ________ the patient who received a serious wound.
treat B. to treat
C treating D treated
7. This is the last time _________ I shall give you a lesson.
A. when B that C which D in which
8. I don’t like the way ________ you laugh at her.
A . that B on which C which D as
9.____ we all know, swimming is a very good sport.
A. Which B.That C.As D.Who
10. I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the farm ____ you visited last week.
A.when,where B.which,which C.when , which D.which , where
11. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
A.these B.the C.that D.which
12. My glasses, ____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.
A.which B.with which C.without which D.that
13. A harvester is a machine ____ we harvest crops or a person ____ is harvesting.
A.which , who B.that , that
C.with which , who D./, that
14. I have bought the same dress ____ she is wearing.
A.as B.that C.which D.what
15. Chapin, _____ money was now no problem , start a new film company with his friends.
A.whose B.which C.for whom D.who
16. Please put the letter _____ he can easily find it.
A.in which B.where
C.the place where D.in the place
17. The reason ____ I was away from school is ____ I was ill yesterday.
A.that , that B.why , why
C.why, that D.that , why
18. Antarctic ,____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A.which B.where C.that D.about which
19. She was __ I met at the party , ___ you knew.
A.who , whom B.whom , who
C.the one , as D.the one , whose
20. ---How do you like the book
---It’s quite different from _ I read last month.
A.that B.which C.the one what D.the one
21. I’ll tell you ___ he told me last week.
A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all
【例1】
I shall never forget those years ______ I
lived in the country with the farmers,
______ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who
【解析】
本题的第一个空格处应填入表示时间的关系副词when，在从句中作状语。
答案：B。
【例2】
Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which
【解析】
“我个人所怀疑的”是“到十月份这工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是October,而是前面整个主句的内容。
答案：D。
【例3】
John said he’d been working in the office for an hour, ______ was true.
A. he B. this C. which D. who
【解析】
“John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这件事情是真的” 所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：C。
【例4】
Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it　 B. that　 C. which　　D. he
答案C。此为非限定性从句, 不能用 that修饰, 而用which, it 和he 都使后句成为句子, 两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
【例5】
The weather turned out to be very good,
___ was more than we could expect.
A. what　B. which　C. that　D. it
答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。that 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
【例6】
The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.
A. for which B. at which
C. in which D. on which
本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆分我们可以得 My students acted in the English play at the New Year’s party, 所以答案为C。
【例7】
______ is reported in the newspapers,
talks between the two countries are
making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What
【例8】
I work in a business ______ almost
everyone is waiting for a great chance.
A. how B. which C. where D. that
【例9】
Is this museum ___ you visited a few days
ago.
A. where　 B. that　
C. on which　 D. the one
在该句中，主句中所缺部分为表语，从句中缺少宾语。只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，相当于：the one that/which 所以应选D。
【例10】
Is this the museum ____ the exhibition
was held
A. where　　 B. that　
C. on which D. the one
该句中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
【例11】
The journey around the world took the
old sailor nine months, ____ the sailing
time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which
C. From which D. for which
A 关系代词which指代 the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立句子应该是：
The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.
Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _____ he studied very hard and was made chairman of the students’ Union.
A. during which time
B. for which time
C. during whose time
D. by that time
A
I. 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. A person _____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
A. who B. whom
C. whose D. whoever
2. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which
C. most of what D. most of that
3. Occasions are quite rare _____ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A. who B. which
C. why D. when
4. The man pulled out a gold watch, _____ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom
B. whom the hands of
C. which the hands of
D. the hands of which
5. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _____ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them
B. both of them
C. none of whom
D. neither of whom
6. Chan’s restaurant on Baker street, _____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.
A． that B． which
C． who D． where
II. 用定语从句翻译下列句子。
1. 他没来参加我的生日晚会，这令我很失望。
2. 你能给我解释一下你没来的原因吗？
3. 众所周知, 很多稀有动物处于灭绝的危险中。
4. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
5. 他爸爸是工程师的那个男孩名叫汤姆。
1. He didn’t come to my birthday party, which made me very disappointed.
2. Can you explain to me the reason why you didn’t come
3. As we all know, many rare animals are in danger of extinction.
4. This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.
5. The boy whose father is an engineer is called Tom.

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