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八年级英语上册
Unit 8 单词解析
（Grammar 部分）
1.Hat (名词) （常指带檐的）帽子
【用法讲解】 hat 为可数名词，其复数形式为 hats。
Eg: He wears a black hat.
他戴着一顶黑色的帽子。
【常见搭配】 at the drop of a hat 立即、毫不犹豫地
Pass the hat 募捐、凑钱
Eg: He is ready to help others at the drop of a hat.
他随时准备毫不犹豫地帮助别人。
They passed the hat to collect money for the poor child.
他们募捐为这个可怜的孩子筹集资金。
【即学即用】
1.Do you have any _______ (帽子) in this style but in a different color
答案：hats
2.Clear (动词) 清理、清除
【用法讲解】 clear 为动词，译为“澄清”，clear 还可为形容词，译为“清晰的、晴朗的”。
Eg: Please clear the snow from the path.
请把小路上的雪清理掉。
She cleared up the misunderstanding.
她澄清了误解。
The instructions are very clear.
说明非常清晰。
The weather is clear today.
今天天气晴朗。
【常见搭配】 clear out 清理、丢掉
Clear up 天气放晴
In the clear 摆脱困境
Keep clear of... 主动避开危险或麻烦
Make clear 讲清楚、使明白
Eg: I need to clear out my closet.
我需要清理我的衣柜。
The sky cleared up in the afternoon.
下午填空放晴了。
He is in the clear now.
他现在摆脱困境了。
Drivers should keep clear of the accident area.
司机应避开事故区域。
You need to make clear your intentions before you start the project.
在开始这个项目之前，你需要讲清楚你的意图。 【派生词】 clearly 为副词，译为“清楚地”。 Eg: Speak more clearly. 说得更清楚些。
【即学即用】
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1.She spoke ________ (clear) so everyone could hear her.
2.我们正在把阁楼里的旧家具清理出去。
We are ________ _________ the old furniture from the attic.
答案：1.clearly 2.clearing out
3.Policeman (名词) （男）警察
【用法讲解】 policeman 为可数名词，其复数形式为 policemen。
Eg: The policeman stopped the speeding car.
警察拦下了那辆超速的汽车。
【派生词】 policewoman 为名词，译为“女警察”。
Eg: A policewoman stopped the thief.
一位女警察拦住了小偷。
【易混辨析】 policeman 与 police 区别：
Policeman 是可数名词，指具体的警察个体；
police 是集合名词，指警察这个群体或机构，前面通常要加定冠词 the，作主语谓语动词用
复数形式。
Eg: Two policemen arrived at the scene quickly.
两名警察迅速赶到了现场。
The police are investigating the case.
警方正在调查这个案件。
【即学即用】
1.There are three ___________ (policeman) on the street.
答案：policemen
4.Ache (动词/名词) 疼痛
【用法讲解】 ache 在泛指“身体某部位的疼痛”时为不可数名词，ache 在强调“疼痛的具
体部位、类型或次数”时为可数名词；ache 还可译为“渴望”。
Eg: I have a bad ache in my back.
我背痛得厉害。
She has an ache for her lost childhood.
她渴望逝去得童年时光。
My legs ache after a long walk.
走了很长的路后，我的腿疼。
He aches for a chance to study abroad.
他渴望有机会出国留学。
【常见搭配】 have an ache in + 身体部位 身体某部位疼痛
Ache for + 某人/某物 渴望某人或某物
Ache to do sth. 渴望做某事
Ache all over 浑身疼痛
Eg: I have an ache in my leg.
我腿疼。
She ached for her old friends.
她渴望见到老朋友。 He ached to go home. 他渴望回家。
After running a marathon, he ached all over.
跑完马拉松后，他浑身疼痛。 【派生词】 headache 为名词，译为“头疼”； Toothache 为名词，译为“牙疼”。
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Eg: I have a terrible headache.I need to take some medicine.
我头疼得厉害，需要吃点药。
He suffered from a severe toothache and had to go to the dentist.
他牙疼得厉害，不得不去看牙医。
【即学即用】
1.我喉咙疼。
I ______ _____ _____ ______ throat.
答案：have an ache in
5.Postman (名词) 邮递员
【用法讲解】 postman 为可数名词，其复数形式为 postmen。
Eg: The postman delivered a parcel this morning.
邮递员今早投递了一个包裹。
【派生词】 post 为名词，译为“邮政”；post 也可为动词，译为“邮寄”；
postage 为名词，译为“邮资”。
Eg: I need to post this letter.
我需要寄这封信。
How much is the postage for this parcel
这个包裹的邮资多少钱？
【即学即用】
1.The __________ (邮递员) rings the bell twice to let us know he has arrived.
答案：postman
6.Airport (名词) 机场
【用法讲解】 airport 为可数名词，其复数形式为 airports。
Eg: Beijing Capital International Airport is one of the busiest airports in the
world.
北京首都国际机场是世界上最繁忙的机场之一。
【常见搭配】 at the airport 在机场
Eg: They carried out security checks at the airport.
他们在机场实行了安全检查。 【即学即用】
1.I will go to the a_________ to pick up my friend.
答案：airport
7.Passport (名词) 护照
【用法讲解】 passport 为可数名词，其复数形式为 passports。
Eg: When you arrive at the border, you are required to show your passport.
当你到达边境时，需要出示你的护照。 【常见搭配】 passport number 护照号码
Eg: Please write down your passport number on this form.
请在这张表格上写下你的护照号码。
【即学即用】
1.You must carry your p________ when traveling abroad.
答案：passport
8.Report (动词/名词) 报道、汇报、传闻
【用法讲解】 report 为可数名词，其复数形式为 reports，还可译为“报告、讲演”。
Eg: The news report highlighted the impact of the pandemic.
新闻报道强调了疫情的影响。
The teacher asked us to write a report on climate change.
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老师让我们写一篇关于气候变化的报告。
Employees must report their progress every week.
员工必须每周汇报工作进展。
【常见搭配】 report doing sth. 报告做某事
Report ...to sb. 向某人汇报
Report on ... 关于...的报告
Eg: She reported seeing a suspicious person near the office.
她报告说在办公室附近看到可疑人员。
All staff report to the manager directly.
所有员工直接向经理汇报。
The committee will report on the investigation results.
委员会将报告调查结果。
【派生词】reporter 为名词，译为“记者”。
Eg: A group of reporters followed in her wake.
一群记者跟随在她的身后。
【即学即用】
1.The ________ (report) reported the accident to the public.
答案：reporters
9.Bush fire (名词) 山林大火
【用法讲解】 bush fire 为可数名词，其复数形式为 bush fires。
Eg: Bush fires are common in Australia during the summer drought.
澳大利亚夏季干旱时，丛林大火频发。
There is no danger of a bush fire now.
目前不存在丛林大火的危险。
【即学即用】
1.Firefighters worked hard to extinguish the ___________ (山林大火).
答案：bush fire
10.So far 迄今为止
【用法讲解】 so far 常与现在完成时连用，强调时间上的延续性和结果。
Eg: We have received 50 applications so far.
到目前为止，我们已经收到了 50 份申请。 【即学即用】
1.到目前为止，我们已经完成了 80%的任务。
_______ _______, we have completed 80% of the task.
答案：So far
11.Including (介词) 包括...在内
【用法讲解】 including 用于引出整体中的一部分内容，强调补充说明或具体列举。
Eg: The research sample covers 300 participants, including 150 students and 150
professionals.
研究样本包含 300 名参与者，包括 150 名学生和 150 名专业人士。
【常见搭配】 名词/ 代词 + including + 宾语 （主句描述整体，including 后接具体成
员或细节）
Including + 宾语 + 修饰成分 （including 后接名词，再补充形容词或分词短语）
Eg: The museum exhibits ancient artifacts, including pottery from the Han
Dynasty.
博物馆展出古代文物，包括汉代的陶器。
All employees must attend the training, including part - time staff working on
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weekends.
所有员工必须参加培训，包括周末工作的兼职人员。
【派生词】 included 为形容词，译为“包括的、包含在内的”，常作后置定语。
inclusion 为名词，译为“包含行为或被包含的内容”；
inclusive 为形容词，译为“全面覆盖或费用全包”。
Eg: The price of the meal included a drink.
这顿饭的价格包括了饮料。
The inclusion of diverse perspectives enriched the discussion.
多元视角的纳入丰富了讨论。
The tour is inclusive of accommodation and meals.
旅游套餐包含住宿和餐饮。
【即学即用】
( )1.Twenty people went to his house for his birthday party, ________ me.
A.including B.include
C.included D.to include
答案： A
12.Sign (名词) 标牌、指示牌
【用法讲解】 sign 作名词时为可数名词，其复数形式为 signs，还可译为“手势、迹象”；
sign 作动词还可译为“签署、签字、打手势”。
Eg: He made a sign with his hand to ask me to come over.
他用手势示意我过去。
There is a “No Parking” sign here.
这里有一个“禁止停车”的标志。
The dark clouds are a sign of rain.
乌云是下雨的征兆。
Please sign your name here.
请在这里签上你的名字。
They signed a contract yesterday.
他们昨天签订了一份合同。
He signed to me that it was time to leave.
他向我打手势表示该离开了。
【常见搭配】 show signs of ... 显示出...的迹象
Traffic sign 交通标志 Make a sign 做手势 Sign language 手语
Sign to sth.to do sth. 示意某人做某事
Eg: The plant shows signs of wilting.
这株植物显出枯萎的迹象。
We should follow the traffic signs when driving.
开车时我们应该遵守交通标志。 He made a sign to me to come over.
他向我做了个手势让我过去。
Some deaf - mute people communicate through sign language.
一些聋哑人通过手语交流。
The teacher signed to the students to be quiet.
老师示意学生们保持安静。 【即学即用】
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1.The stop ________ (标志) was hidden by overgrown bushes.
答案：sign
13.Avoid (动词) 避免、防止
Eg: Good leaders avoid unnecessary conflicts in teams.
优秀领导者避免团队中不必要的冲突。
She avoids spicy food because of her stomach.
她因胃病避开辛辣食物。
【常见搭配】 avoid doing sth. 避免做某事
Eg: To stay healthy, avoid smoking and drinking.
为了保持健康，要避免吸烟和饮酒。
【派生词】 avoidance 为名词，译为“避免、躲避”；
avoidable 为形容词，译为“可避免的”。
Eg: His avoidance of the topic made everyone curious.
他回避这个话题让每个人都很好奇。
This accident was avoidable if he had been more careful.
如果他更小心，这个事故是可以避免的。
【即学即用】
1.We should avoid _______ (waste) water.
答案：wasting
14.Wound (名词) 伤、伤口
【用法讲解】 wound 还可为动词，译为“使受伤、伤害、缠绕”。
Eg: The soldier had a deep wound on his leg.
士兵腿上有道很深的伤口。
Her harsh words left an emotional wound.
她刻薄的话语造成了情感创伤。
The glass shards wounded his hand.
玻璃碎片划伤了他的手。
She wound the thread around the spool.
她把线绕在线轴上。
【常见搭配】 heal a wound 愈合伤口
Be wounded by sth. 被某物伤害
Eg: Antibiotics help heal infected wounds.
抗生素有助于愈合感染的伤口。
Several civilians were wounded by the explosion.
多名平民在爆炸中受伤。
【派生词】 wounding 为形容词，译为“伤害性的、令人痛苦的”。
Eg: His wounding remarks made everyone uncomfortable.
他伤人的话让每个人都不舒服。 【易混辨析】 wound、injure 和 hurt 区别：
wound 通常指由武器或外力造成的身体伤口，也可指情感上的创伤；
injure 主要指因意外、事故等使身体受伤；
hurt 既可指身体上的疼痛或受伤，也可指感情上受伤，使用范围更广。
Eg: He was wounded by a bullet. 他被子弹击中受伤了。
He was injured in a car accident.
他在车祸中受伤了。
I hurt my finger while cooking.
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我做饭时伤到了手指。
【即学即用】
1.The soldier had a deep ________ (伤口) on his leg.
答案：wound
15.Bleed (动词) 流血、失血
【用法讲解】 bleed 作动词，还可译为“渗出、榨取”，其过去式为 bled，其过去分词为 bled。
Eg: He bled profusely from the wound.
他伤口大量出血。
The ink bled through the paper.
墨水渗到了纸的背面。
The corrupt official bled the company dry.
那个贪官把公司的钱财榨干了。
【常见搭配】 bleed off 放掉（液体、气体等）、逐渐减弱
Bleed through 渗色、显现出来
Bleed into 逐渐影响
Eg: Bleed off the excess air from the tire.
放掉轮胎里多余的空气。
The enthusiasm for the project began to bleed off.
对这个项目的热情开始逐渐减弱。
His past mistakes are bleeding through in his current behavior.
他过去的错误在他现在的行为中显现出来了。
Her personal life bled into her work.
她的个人生活逐渐影响了工作。
【派生词】 bleeding 为形容词，译为“流血的”；
blood 为名词，译为“血液”。
Eg: Look at the bleeding cut on her arm.
看她手臂上流血的伤口。
Blood tests are essential for diagnosing diseases.
血液检查对诊断疾病至关重要。 【即学即用】
1.The soldier _________ (blood) heavily on the battlefield.
答案：bled
16.Press (动词) 按、压
【用法讲解】 press 作动词，还可译为“催促、榨取、熨烫”；press 还可为名词，译为“报
刊、出版社、压、按”。
Eg: Press the red button to start the machine.
按下红色按钮启动机器。
The protesters pressed for immediate reform.
抗议者要求立即改革。
He pressed his shirt before the interview.
面试前他熨了衬衫。
The press reported the scandal extensively.
媒体广泛报道了丑闻。
This book was published by Oxford University Press.
这本书由牛津大学出版社出版。
The army pressed forward despite heavy fire.
军队在猛烈火力下继续推进。
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【常见搭配】 press sb.to do sth. 敦促某人做某事
Press for ... 迫切要求..
Eg: The boss pressed him to finish the report.
老板催促他完成报告。
Activists are pressing for environmental reforms.
活动人士呼吁环境改革。
【即学即用】
1.P________ the return key to enter the information.
答案：Press
17.Tidal wave (名词) 海啸、潮汐波
【用法讲解】tidal wave 常为不可数名词，但描述“多次事件”时为可数名词，其复数形式
为 tidal waves。
Eg: The tidal wave formed a terrifying wall of water, submerging everything in
its path.
海啸形成了一堵骇人的水墙，淹没了沿途的一切。
【即学即用】
1.A ___________ (海啸) caused by the earthquake destroyed the coastal villages.
答案：tidal wave
18.Warn (动词) 警告
Eg: I tried to warn him, but he wouldn’t listen.
我设法提醒过他，可他就是不听。
【常见搭配】 warn sb.(not) to do sth. 警告某人（不）做某事
Warn sb.of/ about sth. 警告某人关于某事
Warn sb.against sth./ doing sth. 告诫某人不要做某事
Eg: The teacher warned the students not to swim in the river alone.
老师警告学生不要独自在河里游泳。
She warned him of the dangers of smoking.
她警告他吸烟的危害。
The doctor warned him against overeating.
医生告诫他不要暴饮暴食。
【派生词】 warning 为名词，译为“警告”。
Eg: She had ignored the warning signs of trouble ahead.
她没有例会警示前方危险的标志。 【即学即用】
( )1.The vicar warned the visitors _________ the leaves from the tree.
A.not to pick B.to pick C.not picking D.picking
答案： A
19.Disappear (动词) 消失
Eg: My wallet has disappeared from the table.
我放在桌子上的钱包不见了。
【常见搭配】 disappear from... 从某地消失
Disappear into... 消失在某地/某个状态中
Disappear without a trace 消失得无影无踪
Eg: The child disappeared from his home some time after four.
这孩子四点多的时候离开家不见了。 He disappeared into the dark.
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他消失在黑暗中。
The ship disappeared without a trace in the storm.
那艘船在风暴中消失得无影无踪。
【派生词】 appear 为动词，译为“出现”。
Eg: He appeared here at four last night.
他昨晚四点出现在这。
【即学即用】
1.The stars _____________ (appear) as dawn broke.
答案：disappeared
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