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八上U5笔记
1. follow 动词
① 遵循,接受,听从 follow rules 遵守规则 follow advice 听从建议
② 跟随;紧跟 follow sb. to do sth. 跟着某人做某事
③ 领会;听懂 I can’t follow your words. 我听不懂你说的话.
拓展:following（形容词）接着的;下列的 the following day 第二天
2. foundation名词:基础;根据;基本原理the foundation of ……的基础
Best friends are the foundation of my life. 良友是我生活的基础.
These stories have no foundation. 这些故事纯属虚构.
拓展:found（动词）以……为基础,根据;创办,成立
Friendship is founded on trust. 友谊是建立在信任的基础上的.
3. agree with 同意,赞同（后接某人/表示意见的名词/代词） I quite agree with you. 我非常同意你的意见.
拓展:agree to do sth. 同意做某事 She agreed to let me go early. 她同意让我早走.
4. in order to do sth. 为了做某事（作目的状语;否定形式:in order not to do sth.;用于句首时常用逗号隔开）
Teachers are strict with their students in order to help them make great progress. 为了帮助学生们取得大的进步,老师对学生们要求严格.
The boy entered the room quietly in order not to wake up his mother. 男孩悄悄地走进房间,以免吵醒他的母亲.
5. take out ① 拿出,取出 ② （从银行账户中）提取（款）
注意:“动词+副词”结构,名词宾语可放out前后;人称代词宾语放take与out之间
6. opposite
① 介词:在……的对面 I sat opposite him during the meal. 吃饭期间我坐在他对面.
② 形容词:对面的;相反的 My uncle lives on the opposite side of the street. 我叔叔住在这条街的对面.
③ 名词:对立的人（或物）;对立面;反面 Hot and cold are opposites. 热和冷是对立面.
7. almost副词:几乎;差不多（放系动词/助动词/情态动词之后,行为动词之前）
She is almost twelve now. 她现在将近十二岁了. Oh, I almost forget it. 噢,我差一点儿忘记它.
8. in surprise 惊讶地,惊奇地（表情感状态,常置于句末）
She looked at me in surprise and then thanked me politely. 她惊讶地看着我,然后礼貌地感谢我.
The boy called out in surprise. 这个男孩惊讶地叫了出来.
9. of course ① 表示肯定,可位于句首/句中（句中时前后常加逗号） Of course I’m not afraid! 我当然不怕！
② 单独使用,回应请求（可换用certainly/sure）
—Can I come, too 我也可以来吗？—Of course./Certainly./Sure. 当然可以.
拓展:of course not 当然不
—Do you mind opening the window 你介意打开窗户吗？—Of course not. 当然不（介意）.
10. smelly形容词:有臭味的（作表语/定语）Why is it so smelly 它为什么这么臭？
The smelly socks are in the corner. 那些有臭味的袜子在角落里.
11. a mountain of大量的,堆积如山的（后接可数名词复数/不可数名词）
There are a mountain of books in the room. 这个房间里有大量的书.
12. noise 名词:噪声;嘈杂声 They are making too much noise. 他们的噪声太大了.
拓展:noisy（形容词）吵闹的;嘈杂的 The room was crowded and noisy. 房间拥挤而嘈杂.
辨析:
noise:不悦耳、吵闹的声音
sound:人能听到的任何声音
voice:人发出的声音（如说话声、歌声）等
e from 来自（与be from同义）
She comes from America. = She is from America. 她来自美国.
Where do you come from = Where are you from 你来自哪里？
14. so as to do sth. 为了做某事（作目的状语,相当于in order to do sth.;只能用于句中,不能用于句首）
I get up early so as to catch the first bus. 我早起是为了赶上第一班公共汽车.
15. reduce 及物动词:减少;缩小;降低
Let’s work together to reduce pollution. 让我们一起工作来减少污染吧.
be reduced to… 减少到……:The number of the students is reduced to 300. 学生的数量减少到300.
be reduced by… 减少了……:The number of the workers is reduced by 5 percent. 工人的数量减少了5%.
16. kick ① 动词:踢,踹 kick sth. down/over 把某物踢倒/翻 Stop kicking! 别踢了！
② 可数名词:踢Tom scored with the last kick of the match. 汤姆在比赛的最后一次射门进球了.
e on
① 别逗了,算了吧,得了吧（表责备/不耐烦） Oh, come on—you know that isn’t true! 哦,得了吧——你知道那不是真的！
② 快点（催促他人） Come on, it’s getting dark. 快点儿,天快要黑了.
③ 加油（鼓励对方） Come on, have another try. 加油,再试一次.
④ 来吧,好吧（挑衅/激怒对方） Come on! I’m not afraid of you. 来吧！我不怕你.
18. seem 系动词:好像,似乎,看来
① seem (to be) + 形容词:The baby seems (to be) asleep. 这个婴儿好像睡着了.
② seem + 名词:It seems a waste of time. 这好像是浪费时间.
③ seem to do sth.:He doesn’t seem to work out the maths problem. 他好像解不出那道数学题.
④ seem like + 名词/句子:The stone seems like a tiger. 那块石头看起来像一只老虎./ It seemed like our football team would win. 看起来像我们的足球队要赢了.
⑤ It seems + that从句:It seems that he enjoys playing football. 他似乎喜欢踢足球.
19. anything 不定代词:任何事物都（没有）（常用在否定句/疑问句中;not anything = nothing）
There isn’t anything in the box. = There is nothing in the box. 箱子里什么也没有.
20. look after 照料;照顾（= take care of） look after…well = take good care of… 好好照顾……
You should look after the dog well. = You should take good care of the dog. 你应该好好照顾这只狗.
注意:“动词+介词”结构,宾语（名词/人称代词）放after之后
拓展:look相关短语
look at 看;look for 寻找;look around 环视;look like 看起来像
look out 当心;小心;look up 仰视;查找;look through 浏览;look over 查看;检查
21. not just… but also…
不仅……而且……（连接并列成分,表递进;连接并列主语时,谓语与靠近的主语一致）
They aren’t just on the wall but also in our minds and hearts. 它们不仅在墙上,而且在我们的脑海和心里.
Not just Tom but also Jerry likes ice cream. 不仅是汤姆,而且杰瑞也喜欢冰激凌.
拓展:与not only… but also… 意思基本相同,后者更正式常用
22. take a breath 吸一口气;深呼吸
If this happens, take a breath and slow down. 如果出现这种情况,那就深呼吸,放慢节奏.
When you feel nervous, take a deep breath and relax. 当你感到紧张时,深呼吸并放松.
拓展: hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸;屏息静气 out of breath 上气不接下气
23. clear one’s throat （尤指说话前或为引人注意而）清清嗓子
I have to clear my throat before I begin my speech. 在开始演讲之前,我得先清清嗓子.
24. responsibility 名词:责任 They have a social responsibility too. 他们也有社会责任.
拓展:responsible（形容词）负责的;负有责任的 be responsible for 负责……
He is responsible for buying food and clothes. 他负责购买食品和服装.
25. cause
① 可数名词:原因,起因 We are trying to find the cause of the accident. 我们正在努力找到这起事故的原因.
② 不可数名词:理由,缘由 His father has good cause to be proud of him. 他父亲完全有理由为他感到骄傲.
③ 及物动词:造成;引起
26. spread
① 动词（过去式/过去分词:spread）:传播;蔓延,扩散;张开 The disease spreads easily. 这种疾病很容易传播.
② 名词:蔓延;传播 the spread of ……的传播/蔓延 We must stop the spread of the disease. 我们必须阻止疾病的传播.
27. experience
① 可数名词:经历They are talking about their experiences. 他们正在谈论他们的经历.
② 不可数名词:经验 She is a teacher with 30 years’ teaching experience. 她是一位有30年教学经验的老师.
③ 动词:经历;体验 Our school students will wear traditional clothes to experience the Sichuan Opera next weekend. 下周末我们学校的学生将穿着传统服装去体验川剧.
1. 含有情态动词的被动语态
结构:情态动词（should/can/must/may/could等）+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可用石头做成.
Should it be done by Li Ming 这件事应该由李明做吗？
2. at once 立刻,马上（相当于right away或right now） She called her mother at once. 她立刻给她妈妈打了电话.
3. lawyer 可数名词:律师 You need a good lawyer to help you. 你需要一位好律师来帮助你.
拓展:law（名词）法律,法规 That’s against the law. 那是违法的.
4. might 情态动词:可能;可以（表推测或许可,语气较弱） He said that I might borrow his book. 他说我可以借他的书.
5. urgent 形容词:紧急的,急迫的 副词形式:urgently;名词形式:urgency（紧急,紧迫）
I have some urgent things to do. 我有一些急事要做.
6. 选择疑问句
结构:“一般疑问句 + 供选择的对象 + or + 另一个供选择的对象”（or意为“还是”）
朗读:or前用升调,or后用降调;回答不能用yes/no,需选其中一项
—Is your mother a doctor or a teacher 你妈妈是医生还是教师？ —She is a teacher. 她是一名教师.
7. 短语搭配
（1）in conclusion 总之（用于总结论述,常位于句首）
In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise. 总之,散步是一种廉价、安全而且有趣的运动形式.
（2）for one thing…; for another… 一方面……另一方面……（引出关联事物/观点）
Don’t let him do it. For one thing he’s old; for another he’s in poor health. 不要让他去做这件事,一则他年纪大,二则他身体弱.
8. safe
形容词:安全的（作表语/定语;副词:safely;名词:safety）
It is not safe to cross the street without looking around. 不环顾四周就过马路是不安全的.
They arrived in Paris safely. 他们安全地抵达了巴黎.
Nowadays, food safety is very important. 如今,食品安全非常重要.
9. message 可数名词:口信;信息;消息 短语:take a message 捎个口信;leave a message 留言;send a message 发信息
Could you take a message for Tom, please 请你给汤姆捎个口信,好吗？
10. 辨析:information, message与news
information 不可数名词 指阅读、观察等中关注的消息、情报、资料等
message 可数名词 指口头/书写传递的口信、信息
news 不可数名词 指公众感兴趣的、近来发生的事件（常通过媒体报道）
11. face to face 面对面地（作状语）
I think I need to talk with your son face to face. 我认为我需要跟你的儿子面对面交谈.
拓展:相同结构短语 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地;arm in arm 臂挽臂;hand in hand 手拉手
12. a piece of cake 字面:一块蛋糕;比喻:小菜一碟,轻松的事
There’s an apple and a piece of cake on a table. 桌子上有一个苹果和一块蛋糕.
13. 短语搭配
（1）get in touch 取得联系 get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系
The internet and the telephone help us get in touch with our teachers quickly and easily. 互联网和电话帮助我们快速轻易地与我们的老师取得联系.
拓展: stay/keep in touch with sb. 与某人保持联系 lose touch with sb. 与某人失去联系
（2）click ① 名词:点击（鼠标）;咔哒声
You can check your email with a click of your mouse. 通过点击鼠标你就能查看电子邮件.
The door closed with a click. 门咔嗒一声关上了.
② 动词:点击 click on 点击…… Click the OK button to start. 点击确认按钮启动.
14. 短语/词汇
（1）Here is/are… 这是……;这儿有……（倒装句式,be动词由后面名词决定）
Here is your pen. 你的钢笔在这里. Here are his books. 他的书在这里.
拓展:主语是代词时,主谓不倒装（Here + 主语(代词) + 谓语动词） Here they come. 他们过来了.
（2）basic 形容词:基础的,基本的,根本的 Drums are basic to African music. 鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器.
拓展:base
① 名词:底部,根基;基础 The base of the lamp is made of plastic. 这个灯的底座是由塑料制成的.
② 动词:以……为基础/根据 We base our conclusions on careful research. 我们的结论是基于仔细研究得出的.
15. private 形容词:个人的,秘密的 in private 私下地;秘密地 These are my private letters. 这些是我的私人信件.
16. avoid 及物动词:避免;防止（后接名词、代词或动词ing形式,不接不定式）
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 You should avoid making the same mistakes. 你应该避免犯相同的错误.
17. include
及物动词:包括,包含（后接名词、代词或动词ing形式,不用于进行时）
The textbook includes eight stories and three short plays. 这本课本包括8个故事和3篇短剧.
Your duties include answering the telephone and cleaning the office. 你的职责包括接电话和打扫办公室.
拓展:
① included（形容词）包括在内的（位于名词/代词之后） Everyone laughed, me included. 每个人都笑了,包括我在内.
② including（介词）包括;包含在内（用于列举事物前） Tom has many hobbies, including hiking and running. 汤姆有很多爱好,包括远足和跑步.
18. limit
① 动词:限制,限定 The wrong choice might limit your chances of success. 错误的选择可能会限制你成功的机会.
② 名词:限制,限定 I think there is an age limit, but I’d have to check. 我觉得是有年龄限制的,但我得去核实一下.
19. careless
形容词:不小心的,粗心的,疏忽的（反义词:careful 细心的;认真的） I made a few careless mistakes. 我犯了几个粗心的错误.
拓展: ① less是否定后缀（如:help→helpless;use→useless）
② carelessly（副词）粗心地 The camera will go wrong if you use it carelessly. 如果你使用这台相机粗心大意,它会出毛病的.
20. aware 形容词:注意到的,察觉到的（常作表语,不直接作定语）
be aware of 注意到,察觉到 He was well aware of the problem. 他很清楚这个问题.
be aware + that从句 意识到…… Are you aware that something was wrong 你有没有意识到已经出了问题？
拓展:unaware（形容词）不知道;没意识到 be unaware of 没意识到;未察觉
The boy was unaware of the danger. 那个男孩没有意识到危险.
21. cheat
① 动词:欺诈,欺骗 cheat sb. of sth. 骗取某人某物
If he thinks he can cheat me, just let him try! 要是他以为他能够骗过我,就让他来试一下吧！
② 名词:骗子;欺诈行为 He is a liar and a cheat. 他是一个说谎的人,一个骗子.
22. trust ① 及物动词:相信,信任,信赖 trust sb. (not) to do sth. 相信某人（不）做某事
He is honest. You can trust him. 他是诚实的,你可以信任他.
② 名词:信任;信赖 You shouldn’t put your trust in a stranger. 你不应该相信陌生人.
23. be careful with 小心（对待）……（提醒对事物谨慎,后接名词/代词） Be careful with the knife. 小心那把刀子.
拓展:be careful 小心,当心（单独使用,提醒注意） Be careful! The stairs are wet. 当心！楼梯很湿.
24. behave 动词:表现（名词形式:behaviour 行为;举止）
behave badly 行为不当,不礼貌 behave well 表现良好,举止得体
He was angry to see his son behave badly at the party. 看到他儿子在宴会上不礼貌他很生气.
25. in hot water 遇到麻烦,陷于困境 He’s in hot water. 他在水深火热中.
26. turn to sb. 向某人寻求帮助或支持（遇到困难时求助）
You can always turn to your teachers when you meet problems. 当你遇到问题的时候,你都可以向老师寻求帮助.
27. at the beginning 在开始时（表事物的最初阶段）
English is difficult to learn at the beginning. 英语刚开始学起来很难.
拓展:at the beginning of 在……的开始
She will leave at the beginning of next month. 她将在下个月初离开.

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