资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Optional compulsory 3
Unit 2　Out of this world
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2025·湖北武汉)
NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has revealed a planet, WASP 107b. The planet, which orbits a K type star in under six days, has already caught the attention of astronomers and been considered an odd thing, for its size is about 1，316 times larger than that of the Earth but its mass only about 30 times heavier, earning it the name of the “candyfloss” (棉花糖) planet.
The latest observations give a strange world beyond our solar system. “Our understanding of other planets depends on what we know from our own planet，” says Prof. Leen Decin, first author of the research. “That's very restricted knowledge. But exploring space requires more.” The planet was discovered in 2017, after astronomers spotted light from its host star, each time the planet passed in front of it. “It's like a fly in front of a street lamp,” says Decin.
James Webb takes these observations to the next level by measuring starlight shining through the planet's atmosphere. Because distinct elements absorb light of distinct wavelengths, the band of colored starlight indicates which gases are present.
The latest observations of the “candyfloss” planet reveal evidence of gases like water vapor (水蒸气) in the atmosphere. It is also the first time that the chemical composition of clouds on another planet has been identified—in this case, a kind of special sand. The planet's atmosphere would feature something similar to the Earth's water cycle but involve sand cycling between solid and gaseous states. From the hotter, lower levels, with temperatures close to 1,000℃, some steam would rise up, cool and form grains of sand too small to see. Eventually, these clouds of sand would become heavy enough and they would rain back.
“The universe has so many surprises,” says Decin. “I do visualize various alternative ways for life to form on another planet. It might be very different from something you know here on the Earth. We have to broaden our imagination.”
1. Why is WASP 107b thought strange
A. It has shining starlight. B. It orbits the parent star quickly.
C. It is large but relatively light. D. It is in the shape of candyfloss.
2. What restricts people's knowledge of other planets
A. Unforeseen problems in space exploration.
B. Limited information from the Earth.
C. Strict requirements for direct observations.
D. Lack of support for in depth research.
3. Which aspect of WASP 107b is mainly talked about in paragraph 4
A. Its sand cycling. B. Its similarities to the Earth.
C. Its weather patterns. D. Its atmospheric conditions.
4. What do Decin's words imply in the last paragraph
A. Astronomy improves life on the Earth.
B. Life might exist in outer space.
C. Life on other planets brings surprises.
D. Researchers should be more creative.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国航空与航天局太空望远镜发现了一颗下沙雨的行星WASP 107b，介绍了这颗行星的情况。
1. C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The planet, which orbits a K type star in under six days…earning it the name of the ‘candyfloss’(棉花糖) planet.(这颗行星在不到六天的时间里绕着一颗K型恒星运行一周，已经引起了天文学家的注意，并被认为是一件奇怪的事情，因为它的大小约为地球的1 316倍，但质量只有地球的30倍左右，因此被称为‘棉花糖’行星。)”可知，WASP 107b被认为很奇怪是因为它体积大，但重量相对较轻。故选C。
2. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Our understanding of other planets depends on what we know from our own planet,’ says Prof. Leen Decin, first author of the research. ‘That's very restricted knowledge. But exploring space requires more.’(该研究的第一作者Leen Decin教授说：‘我们对其他行星的理解取决于我们在地球上获得的信息。这是非常有限的知识。但探索太空需要更多。’)”可知，来自地球的信息有限，限制了人们对其他星球的了解。故选B。
3. D　段落大意题。根据第四段“The latest observations of the ‘candyfloss’ planet reveal…become heavy enough and they would rain back.(对这颗‘棉花糖’行星的最新观测揭示了大气中存在水蒸气等气体的证据。这也是第一次在另一颗行星上发现云层的化学成分——在这种情况下，是一种特殊的沙子。这颗行星的大气层特征与地球的水循环相似，但包括固态和气态之间的沙循环。在温度接近1 000℃的较热、较低的地方，一些蒸汽会上升、冷却并形成小得看不见的沙粒。最终，这些沙云会变得足够重，然后又会下雨。)”可知，第四段主要讨论了WASP 107b的大气条件。故选D。
4. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘The universe has so many surprises,’ says
Decin. ‘I do visualize various alternative ways for life to form on another planet.
It might be very different from something you know here on the Earth. We have
to broaden our imagination.’(Decin说：‘宇宙有很多惊喜。我确实设想了在另一个星球上形成生命的各种不同方式。它可能与你在地球上所知道的非常不同。我们必须拓宽我们的想象力。’)”可知，Decin在最后一段的话暗示了外太空可能存在生命。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·河北邢台)
Benefits of Space Exploration
On April 12, 1961, the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space. The age of space exploration started that day. __1__ Well, the answer is simple. The benefits of space, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.
Medical benefits
__2__. Analyzing the effects of zero gravity on blood circulation(循环)led to many discoveries on how to prevent some types of heart failure. And the experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·河北石家庄)
A grandmother was filmed taking notes during a Marvel superhero movie marathon, which at this point includes 30 movies. She wanted to be closer to her __1__ and talk to them about their __2__.
Cheryl Skiados, who is in her 70s, has 13 grandkids __3__, aged from 6 to 22, and they're all big Marvel fans. Rather than writing off their interests as silly as other grandparents are __4__ doing, she decided to try to get on the same __5__ as them.
“I just __6__ my grandparents, and I noticed my grandma was making her way through all the Marvel movies,” said 18 year old Jackson. “She was __7__ them in the order they came out and she asked if I wanted to watch one with her, so of course, I said yes __8__.”
__3__
The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum sealed(真空密封的)food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners. __4___. Yet, we even don't know that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo program that took humankind to the moon. As you can see, it is important for us to keep pushing the limits of space exploration. Who knows what kind of new technologies could be developed that will make our lives easier in the future.
Creation of STEM jobs
Space exploration is one of the industries that require the largest percentage of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) jobs. A lot of those jobs are positions for engineers, data analysts, doctors, biologists and so on. Although these positions require highly qualified people to fill them, they are some of the highest paid jobs in the market. __5__.
A. Space tourism industry
B. Development of new technologies
C. Today, we still use them in our daily lives
D. Is exploring space a waste of time and money
E. So, the growing space industry creates high paid jobs
F. The medical benefits of space exploration reach every area of the human
body
G. Why should we spend so much time and money exploring dangerous
environments
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的好处。
1. G　下文“Well, the answer is simple.(好吧，答案很简单。)”可知，空处是一个问题，结合下文“The benefits of space, including medical, technological and economic benefits, are more than the dangers of it.(太空带来的好处，包括医疗、技术和经济上的好处，远远大于它带来的危险。)”介绍太空探索带来的好处远远大于它的危险可知，空处应该是在问为什么需要探索太空，G项“为什么我们要花这么多的时间和金钱去探索危险的环境”符合，选项中关键词dangerous和空后的dangers相对应。故选G。
2. F　根据小标题“Medical benefits(医疗好处)”可知，本段主要介绍太空探索的医疗好处，F项“太空探索的医学益处覆盖到人体的每个部分”符合，选项中The medical benefits呼应小标题。故选F。
3. B　根据小标题下的“The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum sealed(真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners.(太空竞赛在最短的时间内带来了技术进步，如真空密封食品、防火材料和现代真空吸尘器。)”可知，本段主要讲述了太空探索带来了科技的进步，B项“新技术的发展”适合作本段的小标题。故选B。
4. C　根据空前句“The space race has led to technological advancements in the shortest period of time, such as vacuum sealed(真空密封的) food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners.(太空竞赛在最短的时间内带来了技术进步，如真空密封食品、防火材料和现代真空吸尘器。)”可知，太空竞赛带来了一系列科技产品，C项“今天，我们仍然在日常生活中使用它们”承接上文，其中“them”代指上文提到的“vacuum sealed(真空密封的)food, fireproof materials and modern vacuum cleaners”。故选C。
5. E　上文“Space exploration is one of the industries…they are some of the highest paid jobs in the market. [太空探索是需要最多STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)工作的行业之一。很多这样的工作都是工程师、数据分析师、医生、生物学家等等的职位。尽管这些职位需要高素质的人才来填补，但它们是市场上薪酬最高的工作之一。]”可知，太空探索创造了高薪工作，E项“因此，不断发展的太空产业创造了高薪工作”符合，是对上文的总结，空前关键词the highest paid jobs呼应选项中的high paid jobs。故选E。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·广东汕头)
My Father's Son
It's hard being an astronaut's son. I often wonder how my father ever had a son like me. I mean he's so special and so good at everything he does. But I'm just an average eleven year old kid.
Nowadays I dream about being a famous writer, but I used to dream about doing something spectacular to impress my father and make him proud of me—something like rescuing a child from a burning building or chasing a robber away from an old lady.
I was daydreaming in school one morning. I was daydreaming about being some kind of hero when my friend Ellen reminded me of my English teacher's announcement about a Father's Day essay contest.
“I hope we have a winner right here in my English class,” she said. “There are three prizes for each of you.”
When I got home, I kissed my mom quickly. Then I went upstairs to my room and sat down with a pen and a pad of paper. I started to think about what I would write.
How did I see my father Hmm.
I saw him teaching me how to use a bat and how to throw a baseball.I remembered how he hugged me for hours when my dog Spotty was hit and killed by a car. And I remembered how he sat and tried to explain death to me when Grandpa Bob died.
These were the things I was going to write about my dad. To me, he wasn't just a world famous astronaut. He was my dad.
I wrote about all these memories and put them in my essay. I handed it in the next day and was surprised to find out that the winning essays would be read in the auditorium on Thursday night. All the parents and students were invited.
My parents and I went to school on Thursday night. One of our neighbors said, “I bet you'll win the contest, David. I bet you wrote what it's like to be the son of an astronaut, and you're the only one in town who could write about that.”
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
I shrugged and then the first prize winner, Ellen, was announced._________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Surprised and thrilled, I went up to the stage._________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
I shrugged and then the first prize winner, Ellen, was announced. Though deep down, I didn't want to win just because my father was an astronaut, I was relieved and disappointed at the same time at the news. When Ellen read to the end, I heard a chorus of praise and saw tears running down my parents' face. Somehow, a mixed feeling welled up in me. Will Dad feel disappointed Maybe I should have written about being the son of an astronaut. Then the second prize winner was announced. To my amazement, it was me!
Surprised and thrilled, I went up to the stage. Taking a deep breath, I started to read my essay “My Father's Son”. He is a great astronaut. But more importantly, he is a great father to me. Upon my finishing reading, the auditorium thundered with applause. When I went back to my seat, Dad put his hand on my shoulder. “Son, this is the proudest moment of my life,” he almost sobbed. It was the proudest moment of my life, too. Maybe I'll never be a great hero, but just then, it was enough just to be my father's son.
【详解】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了作者的父亲是一名宇航员，而作者却是个普通的孩子，并没有那么优秀。所以作者常常梦想做一些引人注目的事情来给他的父亲留下深刻的印象，让他骄傲。一天，英语老师宣布了关于父亲节作文比赛的公告，放学后，作者回到家开始写作，作者回想起了父亲与自己的点点滴滴，于是将这些写进了作文里。第二天作者交上了作文，惊讶地发现获奖作文将于周四晚上在礼堂里朗读，会邀请所有家长和学生。在当天，一位邻居对作者说：“我打赌你会赢得比赛，戴维。我敢打赌，你写的是‘作为宇航员的儿子是什么感觉’，而你是镇上唯一一个能写这件事的人。”
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我耸耸肩，然后宣布艾伦获得一等奖。”和第二段首句“我又惊又喜地走上舞台。”可知，第一段可描写艾伦获得一等奖，在艾伦读自己的作文时，父母被感动了，以及作者获得了二等奖。
②由第二段首句内容“我又惊又喜地走上舞台。”可知，第二段可描写作者走上舞台读自己的作文，父亲很感动，作者感悟到作父亲的儿子就已经足够了。
2. 续写线索：宣布艾伦获一等奖——艾伦读作文——父母感动——作者感觉自己没获奖让父母失望了——宣布作者获得二等奖——作者上台读作文——父亲感动——作者感悟

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