资源简介

(共25张PPT)
Optional compulsory 2
Unit 4　Living with technology
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·湖南长沙)
Deepfake: Synthetic (合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by AI technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred.
Examples of deepfakes have been widely spread, including a video of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg giving a speech about his company's plan, and a video of Elon Musk dancing and talking about the power of dreams, etc.
It's easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different deep learning algorithms (算法): one that creates the best possible clone based on a real image or video and another that detects whether the copy is fake (伪造的) and, if it is, reports on the differences between it and the original. The first algorithm produces a synthetic image and receives feedback on it from the second algorithm and then adjusts it to make it appear more real; the loop is repeated as many times as it takes until the second algorithm does not detect any false imagery.
Deepfakers often have evil motives, including creating misinformation and generating confusion. They tend to demean, terrify, and annoy, and have targeted not only celebrities but ordinary citizens as well.
Most of the academic research surrounding deepfakes focuses on the detection of huge amount of deepfake videos emerging online. One detection approach is to use algorithms to identify inconsistencies in deepfake videos. For example, an automatic system can examine videos for errors such as irregular blinking patterns of lighting. However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a “moving goal post” where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up.
However, education and medicine are two of the fields that may benefit from deepfake technology. In the classroom, historical speeches could be deepfaked to offer immersive and engaging lessons. In health care, it can improve the accuracy with which tumors (肿瘤) are spotted, making them easier to treat. Its use also permits using synthesized data instead of that from real patients to avoid privacy concerns.
1. How does AI create a deepfake video according to the passage
A. By copying and combining the fake images.
B. By constantly teaching itself to perfect the output.
C. By acquiring feedback from multiple sources.
D. By repeatedly generating realistic images from scratch.
2. What is the challenge of detecting deepfake videos
A. Ever evolving deepfake techniques.
B. Insufficient academic basis on detection solutions.
C. A massive number of false videos online.
D. Limited availability of detection tools.
3. What is the author's attitude toward deepfake
A. Supportive. B. Critical.
C. Objective. D. Unconcerned.
4. What is probably the best title for the passage
A. Potential Threats: AI's New Playground
B. Deepfake: Human's Another Helping Hand
C. Artificial Intelligence: A Piece of Fake
D. Detecting Deepfake: An Ongoing Battle
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。作者客观地对deepfake进行了客观事实阐述：AI是能轻易制造出假视频的。
1. B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It's easy for AI to produce such deepfakes using two different…reports on the differences between it and the original. (人工智能很容易使用两种不同的深度学习算法来生成这种深度伪造：一种算法是基于真实图像或视频创建尽可能最好的克隆，另一种算法检测副本是否为伪造的，如果是伪造的，则报告其与原作之间的差异。)”可知，人工智能通过不断地自我训练来完善输出，从而创建一个深度伪造视频。故选B。
2. A　细节理解题。根据第五段中“However, these approaches have been criticized because deepfake detection is characterized by a ‘moving goal post’ where the production of deepfakes is changing and improving while detection tools are always on the way of catching them up. (然而，这些方法受到了批评，因为深度伪造检测的特点是‘移动的门柱’，深度伪造的生成在不断变化和改进，而检测工具总是在追赶它们。)”可知，检测深度伪造视频的挑战是不断发展的深度伪造技术。故选A。
3. C　推理判断题。作者在文章中阐述了深度伪造技术的概念、应用案例、原理和动机，也提到了其在不同应用领域的好处和坏处，可推知作者对它的态度是客观的。故选C。
4. C　标题归纳题。根据第一段“Deepfake: Synthetic (合成的) media, including images, videos, and audio, is generated by AI technology to show something that does not exist or events that have never occurred. (深度伪造：人工智能技术生成的合成媒体，包括图像、视频和音频，用来展示不存在的东西或从未发生过的事件。)”结合作者客观地对深度伪造进行了客观事实阐述：人工智能是能轻易地制造出假视频的。故C选项“人工智能：一块假货”适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2025·广东佛山)
We're growing more used to chatting to our computers, phones and smart speakers through voice assistants. Out of these assistants, Siri is the most well known spoken web. Blind people have been using text to speech assistant for decades. __1__
Some think voice could soon take over from clicking as the main way to interact online. They believe online interaction would soon depend mainly on voice. __2__
Building the spoken web—web to voice and voice to web—is by no means an easy task. For software to answer simple questions about the weather and play music for us is easy. __3__ Artificial intelligence isn't smart enough yet. Even turning your voice into text is one of the hardest problems to solve. There are as many ways to pronounce things as there are people on the planet.
Using voice interaction feels far closer than surfing the net in the old fashioned way. __4__ But if something speaks, it must also listen. Our phones are always near us and they are constantly collecting our personal information. This has already raised privacy concerns. People worry assistants will one day be used to deliver advertising directly to us.
__5__ In environments when one's hands are occupied, such as while driving or cooking, the spoken web is helpful. Think about when you are cooking, it is natural to talk. And speech obviously makes sense when you are driving. On the other hand, in a quiet library, using voice commands to ask a question may not be as suitable as typing, as it could disturb others. The effectiveness of using voice depends on the specific surroundings.
A. Spoken web requires more personality to become popular.
B. But what are the challenges of moving to “the spoken web”
C. It is also possible to search for different information you need.
D. The benefits of using voice obviously depend on the context.
E. The informal tone of the assistant helps create an emotional attachment.
F. But to have a conversation with users on diverse topics is a long way off.
G. People who can't read can also obtain information using the spoken web.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语音网络的流行情况以及存在的挑战。
1. G　根据上文“We're growing more used to chatting to our computers…Blind people have been using text to speech assistant for decades.(我们越来越习惯于通过语音助手与电脑、手机和智能音箱聊天。在这些助手中，Siri是最知名的语音网络。几十年来，盲人一直在使用文本转语音助手。)”可知，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，继续举例说明语音助手在生活中的应用情况。故G选项“不能阅读的人也可以通过语音网络获取信息”符合语境。故选G。
2. B　根据上文“Some think voice could soon take over from clicking as the main way to interact online. They believe online interaction would soon depend mainly on voice.(一些人认为，语音很快就会取代点击，成为在线互动的主要方式。他们认为，在线互动很快将主要依靠语音。)”以及下一段“Building the spoken web—web to voice and voice to web—is by no means an easy task.(建立语音网络——网络到语音和语音到网络，绝不是一件容易的事。)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出语音网络存在挑战。故B选项“但是转向‘语音网络’的挑战是什么？”符合语境。故选B。
3. F　根据上文“Building the spoken web—web to voice and voice to web—is by no means an easy task. For software to answer simple questions about the weather and play music for us is easy.(建立语音网络——网络到语音和语音到网络绝不是一件容易的事。对于软件来说，回答关于天气的简单问题和为我们播放音乐是很容易的。)”以及下文“Artificial intelligence isn't smart enough yet. Even turning your voice into text is one of the hardest problems to solve. There are as many ways to pronounce things as there are people on the planet.(人工智能还不够聪明。甚至把你的声音转换成文字也是最难解决的问题之一。地球上有多少人，就有多少种发音方法。)”可知，上文提到了运用语音网络询问关于天气的简单问题，下文则提到了人工智能还不够聪明，可知本句与上文构成转折关系，指出存在的缺点。故F选项“但是与用户就不同的话题进行对话还有很长的路要走”符合语境。故选F。
4. E　根据上文“Using voice interaction feels far closer than surfing the net in the old fashioned way.(使用语音交互的感觉比用老式的上网方式感受更亲切。)”以及下文“But if something speaks, it must also listen…be used to deliver advertising directly to us.(但如果有东西说话，它也必须倾听。我们的手机总是在我们身边，它们不断地收集我们的个人信息。这已经引起了人们对隐私的担忧。人们担心助手有一天会被用来直接向我们发送广告。)”可知，本句承接上文，说明语音互动可以带来的亲切感。故E选项“助手的非正式语气有助于建立情感依恋”符合语境。故选E。
5. D　根据下文“In environments when one's hands are occupied…using voice depends on the specific surroundings.(在双手被占用的环境中，比如开车或做饭时，语音网络很有帮助。想想当你做饭的时候，说话是很自然的。当你开车的时候，说话显然也是合情合理的。另一方面，在安静的图书馆里，使用语音指令提问可能不如打字那么合适，因为它可能会打扰别人。使用语音的有效性取决于特定的环境。)”可知，下文提到了使用语音的不同环境，有的环境里使用语音很方便，而有的环境会打扰别人，说明使用语音取决于环境。故D选项“使用语音的好处显然取决于环境”符合语境。故选D。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·河北保定)
In the heart of Silicon Valley, Ethan and Olivia, two high school teens, found themselves part of a big change: using AI in their studies. They were at a famous school where they were constantly under pressure to be excellent, but for both of them, English, especially the writing section, was a constant headache.
Ethan was great with analyzing but struggled when it came to creative writing. He found it hard to put his thoughts into words and his essays didn't have the emotional depth that touched readers. Olivia, however, was a natural storyteller who could spin exciting tales that kept her friends on the edge of their seats, but she wasn't so good with grammar and sentence structure.
One day, their teacher showed them an AI helper called “WordsAI”. In the beginning, they doubted how a machine could possibly understand the slight differences of human emotion and thoughts. But as they tried it out, they were surprised by how well it understood what they needed. WordsAI not only provided real time grammar and spelling checks but also offered practical suggestions to improve their writing. It even helped them develop their own unique writing styles, and looked as if it could read their thoughts! With WordsAI's help, Ethan could express himself clearly and emotionally, while Olivia improved her writing without losing her creativity.
However, their journey with WordsAI was not smooth all the way. With time going on, Ethan found Olivia started depending too much on the AI's advice, even using it to come up with story ideas, which made her lose her unique perspective (观点) over time. Ethan was concerned that she was copying others' work, so he suggested she should not rely on WordsAI too often. This caused a disagreement between them. Ethan questioned if Olivia was too dependent on AI, while Olivia argued that he was too stubborn to embrace technology that could assist them.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
After a big talk, they realized they weren't using WordsAI in the proper way. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Over time, they figured out how to mix technology with their own creativity in a harmonious way.________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
After a big talk, they realized they weren't using WordsAI in the proper way. Ethan recalled each time he set pen to paper, he always turned to WordsAI for more creative and vivid expressions though he considered his great. As for Olivia, it was a must for her to check each grammar and sentence that she was not sure of before completing the whole story. Both of their abilities declined but they never knew. “We have depended on WordsAI too much. If we continue like this, we will lose the natural ability of writing!” Hearing Ethan's words, Olivia agreed that it's high time that they should make a change.
Over time, they figured out how to mix technology with their own creativity in a harmonious way. Ethan had first finished his writing before he took advantage of WordsAI to create a similar article. Then, he did some research on how WordsAI managed to complete the writing, using specific vocabulary, which impressed him a lot. Olivia tried her best to correct all the grammar and sentence mistakes in the beginning and then referred to WordsAI to correct the mistakes. With time going by, their writing capabilities improved a lot due to the proper use of WordsAI.
【详解】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Ethan和Oliva在英文写作方面有困难，老师推荐了一款叫作WordsAI的软件可以帮助他们写作，他们开始过于依赖软件的建议，失去了自己思考的能力，并且两个人有了一些分歧，在认真交谈之后发现，他们并没有正确使用软件。于是他们调整写作方法，以和谐的方式将技术与自己的创造力相结合，最后他们的写作能力有所提高。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“在一次大讨论之后，他们意识到他们没有正确地使用WordsAI。”可知，第一段可描写两个人反思自己的问题，意识到太过于依赖WordsAI软件写作。
②由第二段首句内容“随着时间的推移，他们找到了如何将技术与自己的创造力和谐地结合在一起的方法。”可知，第二段可描写两个人如何正确运用WordsAI帮助他们在写作上得到提高。
2. 续写线索：意识到问题——各自反思写作方式——决定改变——改变写作方式——写作得到提高

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