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(共23张PPT)
Compulsory 3
Unit 4　Scientists who changed the world
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2024·浙江温州)
Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach (菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs. The secret to giving spinach these special powers is nanotech (纳米技术), which is scientific area that deals with making or changing things that are extremely tiny.
“Ordinary spinach plants can be found everywhere and easy to store; like other plants, they normally take in carbon dioxide gas,” the scientists say. “But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information to access.” That's what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.
For this experiment, the scientists placed two different kinds of tiny nano materials into spinach plants. To get them into the plants, the scientists put a liquid containing them on the bottom of the plant's leaves. As part of its natural process, the spinach plant pulls water through its roots and into its leaves. If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists, produce a slightly special kind of light. By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a cheap computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.
The computer the scientists used is about the size of a playing card. They say that in the future, their system could even use a cell phone with its camera changed slightly. Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of the many uses the researchers are exploring. They have used such plants to discover several other dangerous chemicals as well. From their point of view, there's no doubt that in the future, such systems could give farmers specific information about the health of the land and water on their farms.
1. Why do the scientists use plants to do the experiment
A. They are common in the daily life.
B. They are environmentally responsive.
C. They absorb much carbon dioxide gas.
D. They are small in size and easy to store.
2. What's the function of the carbon nano tubes placed into spinach plants
A. To control the camera.
B. To contain the liquid.
C. To fix the tiny sensors.
D. To give off plant light.
3. What can we say about the application of the experiment 　　　
A. It's diverse. B. It's unexpected.
C. It's limited. D. It's cheap.
4. What's the suitable title for the text
A. Spinach Is Sensitive to Chemicals in Bombs
B. Spinach Sends Warning Emails Using Nanotech
C. Nanotech Helps Spinach Grow Healthily
D. Nanotech Protects Spinach from Danger
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家们使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件。
1. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“‘But actually they can sense small changes of soil and water potential and respond to them. If we tap into this point, there is a wealth of information to access.’ That's what the scientists use to power their tiny experiments.(‘但实际上，它们可以感知土壤和水势的微小变化并做出反应。如果我们深入了解这一点，就会有丰富的信息可供获取。’这就是科学家们用来为他们的微小实验提供动力的东西。)”可知，科学家们使用植物做实验是因为它们可以感知环境的微小变化，对环境做出反应。故选B。
2. D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“If the water contains certain chemicals used in bombs, the tiny sensors in the leaves make the nano tubes, which, along with the sensors, were placed into the spinach plant before by the scientists, produce a slightly special kind of light.(如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，那么叶子中的微小传感器就会使得碳纳米管和之前被科学家放入菠菜中的传感器产生一种稍微特殊的光。)”可知，科学家将碳纳米管放入菠菜中，如果水中含有炸弹中使用的某些化学物质，植物就会发出特殊的光。故选D。
3. A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Discovering chemicals used in bombs is just one of…about the health of the land and water on their farms.(发现炸弹中使用的化学物质只是研究人员正在探索的众多用途之一。他们还利用这些植物发现了其他几种危险的化学物质。从他们的角度来看，毫无疑问，在未来，这样的系统可以为农民提供有关农场土地和水健康的具体信息。)”可知，这一实验可应用的范围非常广，是多种多样的。故选A。
4. B　标题归纳题。根据第一段中“Scientists at MIT have managed to change ordinary spinach(菠菜) plants into natural sensors which can find chemicals used in bombs.(麻省理工学院的科学家们成功地将普通的菠菜植物变成了天然传感器，可以找到炸弹中使用的化学物质。)”以及第三段中“By watching the plant constantly using a camera attached to a cheap computer, the scientists set up a system that can send a warning email if chemicals from explosives are found in the water.(通过不断使用连接在廉价电脑上的摄像头观察植物，科学家们建立了一个系统，如果在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，该系统可以发送警告电子邮件。)”可知，本文主要介绍了科学家使用纳米技术将菠菜变成了天然传感器，可以在水中发现爆炸物中的化学物质，并发送警告电子邮件，所以“菠菜使用纳米技术发送警告电子邮件”可以作为文章标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2024·江苏无锡)
Scientists help to explain how the world around us works, and carry out experiments to create new things. To become a scientist, you need a college degree and various professional skills. __1__
Understand scientist description and responsibilities. Scientists are responsible for examining and exploring different aspects of the physical world. All their exploration processes are done by following a set of rules known as the scientific method. __2__ Of course, they also have different specific work responsibilities. If you want to be a scientist in a certain field, you need to continue to have a deep understanding of professional work responsibilities.
__3__ The influence of every profession is double sided. As a scientist, it may bring you some achievements and benefits, but it also has some professional disadvantages. So before you want to be a scientist, you should have a detailed understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of scientists.
Go through college. __4__ Overall studying is important to become a professional scientist. You can learn all kinds of related knowledge systematically at college and lay a solid foundation for your future career.
Get internship (实习) opportunities. Try to find part time jobs during the university period. In this way, you can obtain real work experience while studying, which is very valuable for you and will definitely be helpful for your real career in the future. __5__ When you find a relevant scientist job, apply for it.
A scientist's career path is often the result of a series of chance meetings, unexpected events and changes in personal circumstances. You should not be afraid to follow your own unique route.
A. Try to avoid the influence of others.
B. Next, you will have detailed information.
C. So make use of your rich experience if any.
D. Think about whether it is worthwhile to be a scientist.
E. You can find such chances through special part time websites.
F. Scientists in different fields may specialize in different subjects.
G. Systematic learning in university is the basis of becoming a scientist.
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成为一名科学家的一些注意事项。
1. B　前文“To become a scientist, you need a college degree and various professional skills.(要成为一名科学家，你需要一个大学学位和各种专业技能。)”提到成为科学家需要学位和技能，后文的段落具体介绍成为一名科学家需要注意的事项，B项“Next, you will have detailed information.(接下来，你将获得详细信息。)”符合语境，引出详细信息，承上启下。故选B。
2. F　后文“Of course, they also have different specific work responsibilities. If you want to be a scientist in a certain field, you need to continue to have a deep understanding of professional work responsibilities.(当然，他们也有不同的具体工作职责。如果你想成为某一领域的科学家，你需要继续对专业工作职责有深刻的理解。)”提到不同领域的科学家的职责，建议对这些职责有深刻理解，F项“Scientists in different fields may specialize in different subjects.(不同领域的科学家可能专攻不同的学科。)”符合语境，说明科学家专攻不同的学科，引出后文的不同工作职责，后文中的“also”是对选项内容的延伸。故选F。
3. D　空处位于段首，是段落主旨句，需概括段落内容。后文“The influence of every profession is double sided…of the advantages and disadvantages of scientists.(任何职业的影响都是双面的。作为一名科学家，它可能会给你带来一些成就和好处，但它也有一些专业上的缺点。所以在你想成为一名科学家之前，你应该对科学家的优点和缺点有一个详细的了解。)”说明科学家的职业有利有弊，建议要考虑其利弊，D项“Think about whether it is worthwhile to be a scientist.(想想当科学家是否值得。)”符合语境，建议思考当科学家是否值得，可统领段落内容。故选D。
4. G　前文“Go through college.(读完大学。)”建议读完大学，后文“Overall studying is important to become a professional scientist.(全面学习对于成为一名专业科学家很重要。)”说明大学的全面学习的重要性，G项“Systematic learning in university is the basis of becoming a scientist.(大学里系统的学习是成为科学家的基础。)”符合语境，承上启下。故选G。
5. E　前文“Try to find part time jobs during the university period. In this way, you can obtain real work experience while studying, which is very valuable for you and will definitely be helpful for your real career in the future.(在大学期间尽量找些兼职工作。这样，你可以在学习的同时获得真正的工作经验，这对你来说是非常宝贵的，对你未来真正的职业生涯肯定会有帮助。)”说明要去找兼职工作，积累经验，E项“You can find such chances through special part time websites.(你可以通过专门的兼职网站找到这样的机会。)”符合语境，介绍找兼职工作的途径，承接前文。故选E。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2024·福建福州)
Every night as the whole family fell asleep, Catalina would slide from home to the Cerro Tololo observatory (天文台). Papa was the mechanic (修理工) of the observatory, but during the day Papa would not allow her to get closer to the telescopes there. Only at night, Catalina was allowed in with the permission of the night staff.
Catalina loved helping to service the grand telescopes, the eyes that looked out into the universe. She wanted badly to be an astronomer someday. Adults never took her dream seriously. Even her father laughed, “Maybe you'll be hired to clean the offices.”
One day in the library, Catalina was reading a plant journal when she stopped at the picture of an unusual white flower. “It's called wild carrot.” A Spanish astronomer, who she saw several times in the observatory, stood behind her. “Pretty, isn't it I've always liked that flower, because it looks like a galaxy.”
“A spiral galaxy (漩涡星系),” she whispered. Blond eyebrows climbed the scientist's forehead. “Indeed. And what is your name, young lady ” he asked.
“I'm Catalina Solis.”
“Eduardo Solis's daughter The mechanic ”
“Yes.” She gave a look at him. “I want to be an astronomer when I grow up.”
He laughed kindly, no longer meeting her eyes, and patted her on the shoulder. “Yes, of course, my dear. Work hard in school, and it could happen.”
One evening, Catalina's eyes scanned the top of the observatory as usual. Suddenly she noticed the angle of the one meter telescope was unusual. The telescope was pointed down, lower than she had ever seen it. Catalina learned from Papa how dangerous it would be. If left like it was, the telescope would move past its limit and be damaged. So without hesitation she got inside the observatory.
注意：续写词数应为150个左右。
She saw the Spanish scientist buried in work there. _____________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The scientist's words meant a lot to her. ______________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
She saw the Spanish scientist buried in work there. Catalina walked over to him and greeted him with a smile. To her surprise, he handed her a notebook and asked, “Would you like to help me record the data from the telescope ” Overwhelmed by excitement, Catalina nodded and began to assist the astronomer. The night passed quickly as they worked together, recording and analyzing the observations. Catalina couldn't believe that she was working with a real astronomer, contributing to the scientific research she had always dreamed of.
The scientist's words meant a lot to her. “Work hard in school, and it could happen.” Catalina took these words to heart and worked diligently every day. She was determined to become an astronomer one day and nothing would stop her. Years passed, and after graduating from college, Catalina applied for a job at the Cerro Tololo Observatory. To her delight, she was hired as an assistant astronomer, working alongside the same scientist who had encouraged her all those years ago. Finally, her childhood dream had become a reality, and Catalina knew that nothing was impossible as long as she kept chasing her dreams.
【详解】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了卡塔琳娜的爸爸是天文台的修理工，她非常想有一天成为一名天文学家，但大人们从来不把她的梦想当回事。后来卡塔琳娜遇到一位西班牙天文学家的故事。
1. 段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她看到那位西班牙科学家在那里埋头工作。”可知，第一段可描写卡塔琳娜给西班牙科学家帮忙。
②由第二段首句内容“科学家的话对她意义重大。”可知，第二段可描写科学家的话最终激励卡塔琳娜成为天文学家。
2. 续写线索：惊讶——帮助——学习——激励——成功——梦想实现

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