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(共14张PPT)
聚焦语法
第4讲　代词与it的用法
思维导图
考点精讲
代词
Ⅰ.代词的概念：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的词。
Ⅱ.代词可以分为以下八大类
人称 代词 主格 I, you, he, she, it, we, you(你们), they
宾格 me, you, him, her, it, us, you(你们), them
物主 代词 形容词性物主代词 my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
名词性物主代词 mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs
反身代词 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 指示代词 this, that, these, those, such, some 疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
关系代词/连接代词 that, which, who, whom, whose, as
不定代词 one, some/any, each/every, none/no, many/much, few/little/a few/a little, other/another, all/both, neither/either
相互代词 each other, one another
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Ⅲ.不定代词用法注意点
类别 区别 例句
some和any some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句 He offered some useful advice.
Do you have any suggestions
I'm not making any promises.
some和any some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议、请求等 Would you like some more coffee
some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示“某个”，any表示“任何一个” Go, and say some person from New York desires to see her.
Any colour will do.
类别 区别 例句
each和every each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上；而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上 Each (of us) has our own car.＝We each have our own car.
Every student is capable of passing the exam./Every one of us is capable of passing the exam.
none和no none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；代替可数名词，谓语单复数形式皆可；no等于not any，作定语 —How much bread is there in the kitchen
—None.
None of the passengers was/were injured.
She has no money coming in and no funds.
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类别 区别 例句
other、the other和 another other泛指“另外的，别的”，常与其他词连用，如：every other week、the other day、no other way; the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others He has doctor's appointment just about every other week.
He had his first heart attack the other day.
He raised one arm and then the other.
Can you stay behind after the others have gone and help me clear up
another指“又一个，另一个”，无特定所指，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事” He gave the bell another press.
A number of features discriminate this species from others(＝other species).
either和 neither either指“两者(中任何一方)都”；neither指“两者(中任何一方)都不” You can park on either side of the road.
Neither of us has ever skied.
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Ⅳ.替代词的用法
代词 用法 例句
one 替代上文出现的“同类”事物，但不是“同一”事物，泛指同类事物中的一个，所替代的名词必须是可数名词。代替可数名词复数时用ones The bus was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.
Any experience can teach and strengthen you, but particularly the more difficult ones.

the one 替代前面提到的单数名词，表示特指。有时可用that替代(尤其是在有后置定语的情况下)。代替可数名词复数时用the ones Their house is the one with the big garden in front.
The students who are most successful are usually the ones who come to all the classes.
代词 用法 例句
that 替代上文出现的“同类”事物，表示特指，其后常跟介词短语作后置定语；所替代的名词可以是不可数名词，也可以是可数名词。代替可数名词复数时用 those The air quality here is better than that of the downtown.
The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.
it 替代上文出现的“同一”事物，被替代的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词(一般来说, it指代同类同物；one与that则指代同类异物) I love spring—it is a wonderful time of the year. (句中it就是指前面的spring)
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it的用法
it作人称代词 指事物：作为人称代词，it 可指除人以外的一切事物 We will have an exam this Friday and I'm preparing for it.
指人：主要用于指性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份 Is it a boy or a girl
—Who is knocking on the door
—It is Linda.
代替某些代词：代词it还可用于代替指示代词this、that 以及复合不定代词 something、anything、nothing等 —What's this
—It's a new machine.
it作非人称代词 it用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象 It rained all day yesterday.
It's early spring, but it is already hot.
常用句型： it's time for sth. 该做某事了 it's time (for sb.) to do sth. 到(某人)该做某事的时候了 it's (about/high) time＋that… 某人该做某事了(从句谓语用过去式，或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省略) it's the＋序数词＋time＋that… 某人第几次干某事(从句谓语用现在完成时) it＋be＋时间段＋since… 自从……有一段时间了 it＋be＋时间段＋before… 过了多长时间才…… It's time for Brooke to stop hesitating.
It's the first time that we've been to the cinema together as a family.
It has been a few decades since the computer came into being.
It was many years before the full story was made public.
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it作形式主语 当不定式、动名词、从句等作主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it It is difficult to separate legend from truth.
It's a mystery how the prisoner escaped.
常用句型： it＋be＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事…… it takes sb.＋时间段＋to do sth. 某人做某事花……时间 it is up to sb. to do sth. 该由某人做某事；由某人决定做某事 it looks/seems/appears/happens/occurs that/as if… 似乎…… if it were not for…/if it hadn't been for… 若不是因为…… It is important for a manager to be able to get the support of his peer group.
It took me so long to walk through the deep snow.
He has an opportunity, but it is up to him to seize it.
It seemed as if she'd been gone forever.
If it were not for the heat of the sun, the Earth will be a frozen ball.
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it作形式宾语 当不定式、动名词、从句等作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语放在句末。其基本结构为“动词＋it＋宾语补足语＋不定式/动名词/从句” We believe it possible to learn English well.
I think it no use complaining.
I find it absolutely astonishing that you don't like it.
it作模糊指代 作模糊指代的特殊结构： 动词＋it＋that… 动词＋it＋when/if… 动词＋prep.＋it＋that… 动词＋it＋介词短语＋that… I hate it when people lie.
See to it that you're not late again.
You can depend on it that all of us will stand by you all the time.
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