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(共20张PPT)
聚焦语法
第1讲　名词
Ⅰ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1. Every _______________ (individual) story adds depth to our understanding of history.
句意：每个人的故事都加深了我们对历史的理解。根据句意可知，此处需要用individual的所有格形式individual's来修饰后面的名词story。
individual's
2. Women have yet to achieve full ________ (equal) with men in the workplace.
此处用名词形式作谓语动词的宾语。
equality
3. Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the ____________ (assume) you've made.
由空前的定冠词the和空后的made可知，应填入名词作made的宾语。
assumption
4. You may tower over other __________ (candidate) if you have previous experience in this field.
句意：如果你以前在这个领域有经验，你可能胜过其他候选人。candidate意为“候选人”，为可数名词。前面有other修饰，这里应用名词复数candidates。
candidates
5. Only a few dollars can help to fill a __________ (child) hungry stomach.
句意：仅仅几美元就能帮助一个孩子填饱肚子。应填入child的所有格形式。
child's
6. Let us combine our two firms against our ____________________ (compete).
competitor/competitors
句意：让我们联合我们的两家公司来对抗我们的竞争对手。此处应填表“竞争对手”的名词形式，单复数均可。
7. You should take _______________ (responsible) for what you said.
responsibility
词组take responsibility for表示“对……负责”。
8. After the car accident, he suffered from headaches and __________ (lose) of weight.
loss
介词from后须用名词形式作宾语。
9. The law which was passed last month applies to theatres, cinemas, and other places of public ______________ (entertain).
entertainment
介词of后须用名词形式作宾语。
10. There are ___________ (various) of books on the Internet.
varieties
词组varieties of表示“各种各样的”。
11. My computer has a program which corrects my __________ (spell).
spelling
spell的名词形式是spelling，作“拼写”时为不可数名词。
12. Many new ____________ (apply) have been found for computers since the 1970s.
applications
many后接名词的复数形式。
13. Relatively speaking, these jobs provide good _____________ (salary) which attract many university graduates.
salaries
句意：相对而言，这些工作提供了不错的薪水，吸引了许多大学毕业生。根据these jobs 可知，空格处应填名词复数形式salaries，表示“薪水”作宾语。
14. The _________ (girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into Tom's car.
girls'
根据后面主句的them和从句的they可知，前面主句的girl应当是复数形式，且须用所有格形式。
15. Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ____________ (competent).
competence
句意：教师必须不断更新自己的知识来保持专业能力。设空处前面是形容词，故填名词competence(能力，技能)。
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2025·江西南昌)
Language is sometimes written as a code so that people can communicate secrets. During the Second World War, the German Navy (海军)used 1._________ code to send messages. The British broke the code and 2._______________ (learn) about many German plans. The Japanese also used a code to talk to 3.__________ (they) ships at sea. It was called the Purple Code. Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn't know it 4._______________ (break). In 1942 , the Americans began to use their own code to send 5.__________ (secret). A few Navajo(纳瓦霍人)Indians made this code 6.__________ (base) on their language, which only some American Indians spoke. The code described a few things the
a
learned/learnt
their
had been broken
secrets
based
American army did. Only they could understand this code, so they went with the army as it fought against the Japanese. These Navajo soldiers promised 7._______ (keep) this code a secret, even though this could cause their 8._______ (die). The Japanese never broke the code because they knew nothing 9._______ the Navajo language. And the code, 10._______ connected two languages, helped win the war in the Pacific.
to keep
deaths
about
which
答案及解析：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二战时期不同国家使用的一些语言密码。
1. a　考查冠词。此处指用一种密码来发送信息，要用不定冠词，表“一种”。故填a。
2. learned/learnt　考查动词时态。根据前文During the Second World War可知是过去发生的事情，所以此处用一般过去时learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。
3. their　考查代词。此处表示日本人也用密码跟他们的船只交流，修饰名词ships应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。
4. had been broken　考查动词时态和语态。根据前文Although the Americans soon broke this code, the Japanese didn't know it可知，美国人破解了密码，但日本人不知道密码已经被破解了。break动作发生在didn't know之前，故本空应用过去完成时，且根据语境可知，此处应用被动语态。故填had been broken。
5. secrets　考查名词复数。根据语境可知美国人用密码传递秘密，秘密不可能只有一个，应用复数 secrets。故填secrets。
6. based　考查过去分词。此处指一些纳瓦霍人以他们的语言为基础创造了密码。be based on意为“以……为基础”，本空应用过去分词based。故填based。
7. to keep　考查不定式。promise to do sth. 意为“承诺做某事”，本空应用to keep作宾语。故填to keep。
8. deaths　考查词性转换和名词复数。设空处作动词cause的宾语，并且被形容词性物主代词their修饰，所以用名词复数。故填deaths。
9. about　考查介词。根据语境可知，他们对纳瓦霍人的语言一无所知。know nothing about…意为“对……一无所知”，本空应用介词 about。故填about。
10. which　考查定语从句的关系词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the code, 关系词在从句中作主语，应用which。故填which。

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