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第十八章 电与磁 INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础巩固]
一、填空题
1．(2025·吉安一模)探究通电螺线管的磁场分布实验：断电时小磁针静止如图所示，则螺线管右侧为地理________(选填“东”“南”“西”或“北”)方，通电时，纸板上方的螺线管中的电流方向如箭头所示，则小磁针受到磁场力的作用________(选填“顺时针”“逆时针”或“不”)偏转．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
2．(2025·抚州一模)如图所示，兴趣小组制作了一个简易电动机，给线圈通电，轻轻一推，线圈就会持续转动．该作品的工作原理是通电线圈在________中受力转动．电动机主要把电能转化为________能．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
二、选择题
3．在物理学习的过程中，对物理知识的正确认识是非常重要的．以下说法正确的是(　　)
A．磁体周围空间中不同点的磁场方向可能相同
B．指南针是一个小磁针，它的N极指向地理的南极
C．磁体周围的磁场和磁感线都是真实存在的一种物质
D．地球本身是一个磁体，地磁场的N极在地理北极附近
4．(多选)为减轻化石能源危机和对环境保护需要，我国建立起了具有自主知识产权的电动汽车全产业链技术体系．国产新型电动汽车具有动力系统和能量回收系统两部分，关于下列两图说法错误的是(　　)
甲 乙
A．甲图为电动车能量回收系统原理图
B．乙图为电动车动力系统原理图
C．甲图的工作原理是电磁感应
D．乙图的工作原理是电磁感应
5．经颅磁刺激是一种利用脉冲磁场，改变大脑皮层神经细胞的膜电位使之产生感应电流．该技术在医学中应用十分广泛，下列能反映其工作原理的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A B
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C D
三、作图题
6．螺线管中的电流方向如图所示，请你在图中标出磁感线的方向和条形磁铁左端的极性．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
7．在如图所示的括号内标出：磁针左端的磁极和电源左端的极性(用“＋”或“－”表示).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
四、实验题
8．小明同学在做“探究通电螺线管外部磁场的方向”实验时，在嵌入螺线管的纸板上均匀撒满细铁屑，并在螺线管的两端各放一个小磁针，如图所示：
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)根据图中左右两端两个小磁针静止时N极的指向可知，通电螺线管的左端是________极(小磁针涂黑的一端为N极).
(2)若仅将纸板上的铁屑去掉，通电螺线管的磁场________(选填“会”或“不会”)消失．
9．小明学习电和磁的相关知识时，完成了下列两个实验．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
(一)在“探究影响电磁铁磁性强弱的因素”实验中，小明制成简易电磁铁A、B并设计了如图甲所示的电路：
(1)当滑动变阻器滑片向左移动时，电磁铁A、B吸引大头针的个数________(选填“增加”或“减少”)，说明________，电磁铁磁性越强．
(2)由图示情景可知，________(选填“A”或“B”)的磁性强，说明电流一定时，____________，电磁铁磁性越强．
(二)如图乙所示，小明将一根导体棒ab的两端用细导线与灵敏电流计组成一个闭合电路，并用绝缘细线悬挂起来放在U形磁铁的磁场中．
(3)让导体棒ab水平向左运动时，灵敏电流计指针向右偏转；导体棒ab水平向右运动时，指针向左偏转，说明感应电流的方向与____________________有关．
(4)让导体棒ab水平向右缓慢运动时，灵敏电流计的指针向左偏转的角度较小；导体棒ab水平向右快速运动时，灵敏电流计的指针向左偏转的角度较大．说明感应电流的大小与__________________________有关．
(5)让导体棒ab沿竖直方向上下运动时，电路中________(选填“有”或“无”)感应电流产生．
(6)下列电器中，应用电磁感应原理制成的是________(填字母).
A．电铃 B．电风扇
C．动圈式话筒 D．动圈式扬声器
[全国视野]
一、填空题
1．(2025·江苏苏州)以下是《电磁转换》的相关知识结构图，请你补充完整．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
①________　②________
2．(2024·甘肃白银)如图甲所示的是磁悬浮地球仪，悬浮时球体只能沿着“地轴”转动，它的“南”“北”指向与地球实际方位一致；地球仪中有一个磁铁，它的磁场与地磁场分布特点一致；环形底座内有一电磁铁，其电路原理如图乙所示．地球仪工作时，球体悬浮于空气中，则图甲中球体上方是“地磁场”的________(选填“N”或“S”)极，图乙中A端应连接电源的________(选填“正”或“负”)极．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
二、选择题
3．(2024·江苏苏州)如图所示，在a、b两端接入电源或电流表组成不同装置，以下正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．接电源，和发电机的原理相同
B．接电流表，和电动机的原理相同
C．接电源，可将电能转化为机械能
D．接电流表，移动直导线电流表指针一定偏转
4．(2024·山东临沂)2024年5月11日，由临沂市五名中小学生组建的无人机足球队在FIDA第二届世界锦标赛中，以全胜的战绩荣获世界冠军．无人机动力系统的核心部件是电动机，下列实验，能说明电动机工作原理的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A B C D
5．(2024·山西)海鲜保存常要求温度低于－18 ℃.小明为海鲜市场的冷库设计了温度自动报警器，其原理如图甲所示．控制电路和工作电路的电源电压均为3 V保持不变，电磁铁线圈电阻忽略不计，乙图为热敏电阻R随温度变化的图像．冷库温度等于或高于－18 ℃时，工作电路报警．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．冷库温度升高时，热敏电阻R的阻值变大
B．工作电路报警时，衔铁被吸下，灯亮铃不响
C．冷库温度为－18 ℃时，控制电路中电流为0.03 A
D．冷库温度降低时，控制电路消耗的电功率变大
三、实验题
6．(2024·陕西)如图所示的是“探究导体在磁场中运动时产生感应电流的条件”的实验装置．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
实验次数 导体ab在磁场中的运动情况 灵敏电流计指针偏转情况
1 静止 不偏转
2 上下运动 不偏转
3 左右运动 偏转
(1)闭合开关后，观察各种情况下灵敏电流计指针偏转情况，将实验现象记录在表格中．分析实验现象可知：闭合电路中的一部分导体在磁场中做____________运动时，电路中会产生感应电流．产生感应电流时，导体ab相当于电路中的________(填电路元件名称).
(2)若要探究感应电流方向与磁场方向的关系，应保持导体ab运动方向不变，将________对调，观察灵敏电流计指针偏转情况．
(3)下列物品中，应用该实验结论工作的是________(填字母).
A．电风扇 B．手摇发电手电筒
7．(2025·四川德阳)电与磁之间存在着相互联系，彰显物理现象的对称之美．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
丙
(1)如图甲所示，导线通电后小磁针发生偏转，断电后小磁针复位．实验表明通电导线周围存在________；
(2)水位自动报警器的原理图如图乙所示．当水位到达金属块A时，________灯亮，控制电路中电磁铁的上端为________极(选填“S”或“N”)；
(3)如图丙所示，电路中的开关为单刀双掷开关．
①将开关掷于1，观察到导体棒ab运动，说明________(选填字母)；
A．电路中产生了感应电流
B．通电导体在磁场中受力的作用
②将开关掷于2，使导体棒ab向右运动，观察到灵敏电流计指针向左偏转；若要使灵敏电流计的指针向右偏转，可以________(选填字母).
A．保持磁体不动，使导体棒向左运动
B．将磁体的磁极对调，使导体棒向左运动第十八章 电与磁 INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础巩固]
一、填空题
1．(2025·吉安一模)探究通电螺线管的磁场分布实验：断电时小磁针静止如图所示，则螺线管右侧为地理________(选填“东”“南”“西”或“北”)方，通电时，纸板上方的螺线管中的电流方向如箭头所示，则小磁针受到磁场力的作用________(选填“顺时针”“逆时针”或“不”)偏转．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-274.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：北　不
2．(2025·抚州一模)如图所示，兴趣小组制作了一个简易电动机，给线圈通电，轻轻一推，线圈就会持续转动．该作品的工作原理是通电线圈在________中受力转动．电动机主要把电能转化为________能．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-275.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：磁场　机械
二、选择题
3．在物理学习的过程中，对物理知识的正确认识是非常重要的．以下说法正确的是(　　)
A．磁体周围空间中不同点的磁场方向可能相同
B．指南针是一个小磁针，它的N极指向地理的南极
C．磁体周围的磁场和磁感线都是真实存在的一种物质
D．地球本身是一个磁体，地磁场的N极在地理北极附近
答案：A
4．(多选)为减轻化石能源危机和对环境保护需要，我国建立起了具有自主知识产权的电动汽车全产业链技术体系．国产新型电动汽车具有动力系统和能量回收系统两部分，关于下列两图说法错误的是(　　)
甲 乙
A．甲图为电动车能量回收系统原理图
B．乙图为电动车动力系统原理图
C．甲图的工作原理是电磁感应
D．乙图的工作原理是电磁感应
答案：ABC
5．经颅磁刺激是一种利用脉冲磁场，改变大脑皮层神经细胞的膜电位使之产生感应电流．该技术在医学中应用十分广泛，下列能反映其工作原理的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-450.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-451.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A B
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-453.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
C D
答案：C
三、作图题
6．螺线管中的电流方向如图所示，请你在图中标出磁感线的方向和条形磁铁左端的极性．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-454.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-455.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-455.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-455.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-455.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-455.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
7．在如图所示的括号内标出：磁针左端的磁极和电源左端的极性(用“＋”或“－”表示).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-456.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：如图所示
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-457.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
四、实验题
8．小明同学在做“探究通电螺线管外部磁场的方向”实验时，在嵌入螺线管的纸板上均匀撒满细铁屑，并在螺线管的两端各放一个小磁针，如图所示：
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-458.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)根据图中左右两端两个小磁针静止时N极的指向可知，通电螺线管的左端是________极(小磁针涂黑的一端为N极).
(2)若仅将纸板上的铁屑去掉，通电螺线管的磁场________(选填“会”或“不会”)消失．
答案：(1)S　(2)不会
9．小明学习电和磁的相关知识时，完成了下列两个实验．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-459.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-460.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
(一)在“探究影响电磁铁磁性强弱的因素”实验中，小明制成简易电磁铁A、B并设计了如图甲所示的电路：
(1)当滑动变阻器滑片向左移动时，电磁铁A、B吸引大头针的个数________(选填“增加”或“减少”)，说明________，电磁铁磁性越强．
(2)由图示情景可知，________(选填“A”或“B”)的磁性强，说明电流一定时，____________，电磁铁磁性越强．
(二)如图乙所示，小明将一根导体棒ab的两端用细导线与灵敏电流计组成一个闭合电路，并用绝缘细线悬挂起来放在U形磁铁的磁场中．
(3)让导体棒ab水平向左运动时，灵敏电流计指针向右偏转；导体棒ab水平向右运动时，指针向左偏转，说明感应电流的方向与____________________有关．
(4)让导体棒ab水平向右缓慢运动时，灵敏电流计的指针向左偏转的角度较小；导体棒ab水平向右快速运动时，灵敏电流计的指针向左偏转的角度较大．说明感应电流的大小与__________________________有关．
(5)让导体棒ab沿竖直方向上下运动时，电路中________(选填“有”或“无”)感应电流产生．
(6)下列电器中，应用电磁感应原理制成的是________(填字母).
A．电铃 B．电风扇
C．动圈式话筒 D．动圈式扬声器
答案：(1)增加　电流越大　(2)B　线圈匝数越多　(3)导体切割磁感线运动方向　(4)导体切割磁感线运动速度　(5)无　(6)C
[全国视野]
一、填空题
1．(2025·江苏苏州)以下是《电磁转换》的相关知识结构图，请你补充完整．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-276.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
①________　②________
答案：磁效应　发电机
2．(2024·甘肃白银)如图甲所示的是磁悬浮地球仪，悬浮时球体只能沿着“地轴”转动，它的“南”“北”指向与地球实际方位一致；地球仪中有一个磁铁，它的磁场与地磁场分布特点一致；环形底座内有一电磁铁，其电路原理如图乙所示．地球仪工作时，球体悬浮于空气中，则图甲中球体上方是“地磁场”的________(选填“N”或“S”)极，图乙中A端应连接电源的________(选填“正”或“负”)极．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-468.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-469.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
答案：S　负
二、选择题
3．(2024·江苏苏州)如图所示，在a、b两端接入电源或电流表组成不同装置，以下正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-461.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．接电源，和发电机的原理相同
B．接电流表，和电动机的原理相同
C．接电源，可将电能转化为机械能
D．接电流表，移动直导线电流表指针一定偏转
答案：C
4．(2024·山东临沂)2024年5月11日，由临沂市五名中小学生组建的无人机足球队在FIDA第二届世界锦标赛中，以全胜的战绩荣获世界冠军．无人机动力系统的核心部件是电动机，下列实验，能说明电动机工作原理的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-462.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-463.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-464.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A B C D
答案：D
5．(2024·山西)海鲜保存常要求温度低于－18 ℃.小明为海鲜市场的冷库设计了温度自动报警器，其原理如图甲所示．控制电路和工作电路的电源电压均为3 V保持不变，电磁铁线圈电阻忽略不计，乙图为热敏电阻R随温度变化的图像．冷库温度等于或高于－18 ℃时，工作电路报警．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-466.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-467.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．冷库温度升高时，热敏电阻R的阻值变大
B．工作电路报警时，衔铁被吸下，灯亮铃不响
C．冷库温度为－18 ℃时，控制电路中电流为0.03 A
D．冷库温度降低时，控制电路消耗的电功率变大
答案：C
三、实验题
6．(2024·陕西)如图所示的是“探究导体在磁场中运动时产生感应电流的条件”的实验装置．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-474.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
实验次数 导体ab在磁场中的运动情况 灵敏电流计指针偏转情况
1 静止 不偏转
2 上下运动 不偏转
3 左右运动 偏转
(1)闭合开关后，观察各种情况下灵敏电流计指针偏转情况，将实验现象记录在表格中．分析实验现象可知：闭合电路中的一部分导体在磁场中做____________运动时，电路中会产生感应电流．产生感应电流时，导体ab相当于电路中的________(填电路元件名称).
(2)若要探究感应电流方向与磁场方向的关系，应保持导体ab运动方向不变，将________对调，观察灵敏电流计指针偏转情况．
(3)下列物品中，应用该实验结论工作的是________(填字母).
A．电风扇 B．手摇发电手电筒
答案：(1)切割磁感线　电源　(2)磁极　(3)B
7．(2025·四川德阳)电与磁之间存在着相互联系，彰显物理现象的对称之美．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-277B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
丙
(1)如图甲所示，导线通电后小磁针发生偏转，断电后小磁针复位．实验表明通电导线周围存在________；
(2)水位自动报警器的原理图如图乙所示．当水位到达金属块A时，________灯亮，控制电路中电磁铁的上端为________极(选填“S”或“N”)；
(3)如图丙所示，电路中的开关为单刀双掷开关．
①将开关掷于1，观察到导体棒ab运动，说明________(选填字母)；
A．电路中产生了感应电流
B．通电导体在磁场中受力的作用
②将开关掷于2，使导体棒ab向右运动，观察到灵敏电流计指针向左偏转；若要使灵敏电流计的指针向右偏转，可以________(选填字母).
A．保持磁体不动，使导体棒向左运动
B．将磁体的磁极对调，使导体棒向左运动
答案：(1)磁场　(2)红　S　(3)B　A

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