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(共45张PPT)
定语从句
Attributive Clauses(一)
Unit 5 Poems
Review the concept of Attributive Clause.
1
Learn how to choose the conjunctive.
2
学习目标(1')
what’s the definition of the attributive clauses ？
1
What are the its conjunctions in the attributive clause？
2
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that consists of 17 syllables.
俳句诗是一种日本诗歌类型，它由17个音节组成。
It has a format of three lines, containing 5, 7, and 5 syllables respectively.
它的格式是三行，分别包含5、7和5个音节。
It is not a traditional form of English poetry, but is very popular with English writers.
它不是英文诗歌的传统形式，但是在用英语写作的人们中间，这种诗很流行。
It is easy to write and, like the cinquain, can give a clear picture and create a special feeling using very few words.
它容易写，而且像五行诗一样，可以用很少的词语呈现出清晰的画面，表达出特殊的情感。
The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly.
右边的俳句诗（E）是从日文翻译过来的，他展现了一只优美的蝴蝶生命中的一瞬间。
课文朗读 P51
Read aloud
一、定语从句的含义:
定语从句：在句中做定语，修饰一个____________________ 。
被修饰的名词或代词即________（antecedent） 。定语从句通常出现在先行词________，由关系词即___________和_____________引出。
名词或代词
先行词
关系代词
关系副词
之后
关系词的主要作用：
A girl
who
only eats rice
is my sister.
先行词
关系代词
从句
主句
替代先行词,在从句中充当成分和引导定语从句
结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句。
What are the relative words
关系词
关系代词
关系副词
who; that; whom which; whose as
where
when
why
6+3
关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose，as）
Learn about the Attributive Clause
指人 指物 作用 在定语从句中的成分
who
whom
which
that
whose
as
√
√
√
√
√
√
√
主语
主语
主语
宾语(可以省略)
宾语(可以省略)
宾语（可以省略）
宾语（可以省略）
定语=sb’s or sth’s
连
接
√
√
主语、宾语、表语
Find and discuss the use of relative clauses in the sentences (P50-51).
There are various reasons why people compose poetry. (Para. 1)
Some of the first poems (that) a young child learns in English are nursery rhymes. (Para. 2)
One of the simplest kinds of poem is the “list poem”, which contains a list of things, people, ideas, or descriptions that develop a particular theme. (Para. 3)
思考：第1句中的why能否换为其他关系词？第2句和第3句中的关系代词that可否换为which
指原因，作原因状语
先行词既有人又有物，作主语
指物，作宾语，可省略
指物，作主语
Lead-in
List poems have a flexible line length and repeated phrases which / that give both a pattern and a rhythm to the poem. (Para. 3)
Another simple form of poem that / which amateurs can easily write is the cinquain, which is made up of five lines. (Para. 4)
Haiku is a Japanese form of poetry that / which consists of 17 syllables. (Para. 5)
The haiku poem (E) on the right is a translation from Japanese, which shows a moment in the life of a delicate butterfly. (Para. 5)
指物，作主语
指物，作宾语
指物，作主语
指物，作主语
指物，作主语
The house ______ windows face north belongs to him.
The man _______________ you met just now is my brother.
The man _________ is working in the playground is my old
friend.
Take the book ___________ is lying on the table.
She is such a girl ____ is always finding fault with other
people.
whose
whom / who / that
who / that
which / that
as
即学即练
指物，作定语
指人，作宾语
指人，作主语
指物，作主语
指人，作主语
关系副词 作用 指代 在从句的
成分
when=at/in/on/during+which
where =in, at, on which
why
=for which
连
接
时间
地点
reason
作时间状语
作地点状语
作原因状语
关系词在从句中充当成分：
状adverbial
They have reached the point ______ they have to separate.
Do you know the reason _____ he is absent
His interest started a few years ago, ______ he was in college and studying wildlife science.
where
why
when
即学即练
指地点，作地点状语
指原因，作原因状语
指时间，作时间状语
选择合适的关系副词（when，where，why）填空。
1.Was it in the library ________ he often went to do some reading .
2. Everyone has periods in their lives ______ everything seems hard.
3. Perhaps this is the only shop_____ you can get such cheap goods.
4. This is the reason _____ we made Mr Li headmaster of our school.
5. We are living in an age________ many things are done on computer.
6.The best part about being a doctor for the emergency department is that moment _________you know the patient can be saved.
where
where
why
when
when
when
选择合适的关系副词（when，where，why）填空。
7. We are put into a position ___ we have to devote ourselves to study.
8. The training won’t stop until the players reach the point ____ they can perform accurately.
9. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.
10. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.
where
where
where
where
表抽象意义的模糊地点词case，point，situation，position，spot，occasion，stage，scene做先行词，关系词可用where
致力于
adv.准确地
1. The knife ______ ______ he cut things was lost yesterday.
2. A good friend is a person _______ ______ we turn for help when we are in trouble.
3. Shanghai is the city _______ _______ he was born.
4. I don’t like the way ________ _________ he looks at me.
5. The old scientist ________ ________ we often communicate will come tomorrow.
用“介词 + whom/which”填空
with which
to whom
in which
in which
with whom
cut things with knife
turn to sb for help
look at me in the way
communicate with sb
6. A foreign language is a tool ________ ________ one can get new information.
7. He did not tell us the reason ________ ________ he was late again.
8. What do you think of the material ________ ________ your coat was made
9.Would you be kind enough to help the boy ______ ______ Chinese is really hard to learn.
10. The book has opened a window _________ ________we can see a wonderful world outside.
用“介词 + whom/which”填空
with which
for which
of which
through which
for whom
be made of
for the boy
用“介词 + whom/which”填空
1. Are those songs _____ ______ you’re interested
2. The boys _____ ______ I went to the cinema last weekend is my best friend.
3. Tomorrow is a particular day ________ _______ his daughter will get married.
4. We can’t live without the sun ______ ________ we get heat and light.
5. He is the person ______ ______ we talked at the last meeting.
确定介词的三大原则
1，根据主从句的句意确定。
2，根据从句动词、形容词等构成的短语确定。
3，由关系副词转化而来。
in
which
with whom
on which
from
which
about whom
选择关系代词还是关系副词？
1
Questions
问题导学1(1’)
Contents
1. 选择关系代词还是关系副词？
点拨运用1(12’)
(1) where & that/which
This is a city _________ I will never visit.
This is a city _______ I lived.
( )
( )
_________________________
从句缺宾语，指物
_________
从句缺状语
that/which
where
1.明确主句和从句，判断为定语从句。
2.找出先行词，判断指人还是指物。
3.分析从句缺什么成分。缺主宾表定选择关系代词；缺状语选择关系副词。
一、 选择关系代词还是关系副词？
记笔记
(2) when & that/which
I still remember the day_______ I won the game.
I still remember the day_________ we spent together.
( )
( )
________
从句缺状语
__________
从句缺宾语，指物
when
that/which
(3) why & that/which
We can’t understand the reason_______ he was late.
We can’t understand the reason_________ he gave us.
( )
that/which
why
_________________
___________
( )
从句缺状语
从句缺直接宾语,指物
语法填空
That evening, _________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _________ help I would never
have got this far.
3. Care of the soul is a gradual process _________ even the small details
of life should be considered.
4. I can hardly remember any occasions _________ I get caught in a traffi
jam in our town.
5. At the party, john made up a joke, _________ people burst out laughing.
which
whose
in which/
where
when
at which
千万不能一看到地点名词就填where; 看到时间名词就填when, 看到reason就填why!
技巧是:一划从句二看成分
(缺主,宾或表语填关系代词,缺状语则填关系副词)
记笔记
二、as的用法有哪些？和which的区别？
(1)as作为关系代词既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。一般用于“such …… as”,“the same……as”,“as……as”结构中。
We have found such materials as are used in their factory.
They felt such heat in the jungle as they had never felt before.
He is not the same man as he was.
做主语
作宾语
作表语
(2)as还可以引导非限制性定语从句，代表整个主句的内容。意为“正如，像”。
The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved
over the past two months.
1.as 的用法
记笔记
(1) _____ is known to all, he is the best student.
(2) Jack passed the driving test, ______ surprised his friends.
As
which
1.as和which引导非限制性定语从句中都能指代整句内容，which译为“这”，as 译为“正如”。但定语从句位于句首时只能用as。
2.as 和 which区别
记笔记
As the saying goes,…
As we all know,…/As is known to all,…
As is reported,…
As is mentioned above,…
As is expected,...
As is often the case,…
正如谚语所说...
正如大家所知道....
正如被报导的是...
正如上面提到的是...
正如所预料的那样...
情况经常是这样...
记笔记
is known to us all, China has the largest population.
As
=_______is known to us all that China has the largest population.
=________ is known to us all is that China has the largest population.
主从
定从
what引导的主从， that 引导的表从
What
It
2.在从句中做主语时，which即可作be动词的主语，也可以作实义动词的主语；而as只可作be动词的主语。
He married her which/as was natural.
He saw the girl, which delighted him.[不可用as代替which]
3.在从句中做定语或介词宾语时，只能用which。
Recently I bought a second-hand car, the price of which was
reasonable.
记笔记
语法填空
_________ anybody can see, a computer can do almost everything people can.
_________ is well known, China has always advocated peaceful settlement of international disputes..
3. Maria has written two novels, both of ________ have been made into television series.
4. A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
As
As
which
as
非限制性定语从句，引导词做主语，定语从为被动语态时，常用as来做主语引导定语从句，如为主动语态，一般用which做主语
Correct mistakes.
1. (2020 江西临川) We carried two backpacks, that turned out to be pretty heavy for the hike.
2. (2020 全国 II) There are 49 students in our class, most of them are boys.
3. (2015 浙江) Creating an atmosphere in that employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
________
_________
________
which
whom
which
1.(2019 全国 I) One afternoon ______ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
2. (2019 全国 III) They were well trained by their masters _______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
3. (2018 全国 I) They also had a small pond ______ they raised fish.
4. (2016 全国II) Simon is a comedian and actor ________ has 10 year's experience of teaching comedy.
5. (2020 全国II) In ancient China lived an artist _______ paintings were almost life like.
6. You reach a point ______medicine can’t help.
when
who/that
where
当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, condition等抽象名词时，在定语从句中充当状语时用关系副词where.
who/that
whose
where
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
The Crescent Moon is perhaps the most famous collection of children’s poems. It is known to people in China.
Practice (P53 Activity 1)
The Crescent Moon, which is known to people in China, is perhaps the most famous collection of children’s poems.
指物，作主语
There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective. In these poems the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.
There are also many poems written from a child’s perspective in which the poet Tagore shows a sympathetic understanding of children’s feelings.
指物，作地点状语 = where
Practice (P53 Activity 1)
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems. The focus of the poems is on the parent-child relationship.
The English version of the book contains nearly 50 poems, the focus of which is on the parent-child relationship.
指物，作介词宾语
Practice (P53 Activity 1)
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother. The mother loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.
The initial poems were written from the perspective of a mother who loves her baby at play and at rest, in laughter and in tears.
指人，作主语
Practice (P53 Activity 1)
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
Many people love to read this collection of poems. The reason is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
The reason why many people love to read collection of poems is that they can feel the warmth of love and enjoy the innocence of childhood.
指原因，作原因状语
Practice (P53 Activity 1)
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
It was written by the Indian poet Tagore. Tagore was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
It was written by the Indian poet Tagore who was the first Asian to win the Nobel Prize in Literature.
指人，作主语
Practice (P53 Activity 1)
Connect the sentences using relative pronouns, or adverbs. Then put the sentences in the correct order to compose a passage.
Comprehensive Exercises (P53 Activity 2)
Read the following introduction about the Brownings. Help the author edit the passage to make it more concise, using relative clauses if necessary.
If you study the history of English literature, you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning. They were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era.
If you study the history of English literature, you will find the names of Robert and Elizabeth Barrett Browning, ____ were one of the most romantic literary couples of the Victorian era.
Check the answers
who
指人，作主语
The couple exchanged many letters. These letters obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two.
The couple exchanged many letters, _____ obviously helped sow the seeds of love between the two.
Check the answers
which
作主语，修饰前面整个句子
The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese. The sonnets were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese ____ were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
Check the answers
that
指物，作主语
The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese. The sonnets were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
The best evidence that can be found is Sonnets from the Portuguese ____ were written during the time when she was in love with Robert Browning.
Check the answers
that
指物，作主语
Homework
1.整理笔记
2.完成课时作业P183-184

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