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(共39张PPT)
UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY
LESSON 3
EPIDEMIC EXPLAINED
1.an infectious disease
2.a large number of
3.within a short period of time
4.two weeks or less
5.as long as
6.come into contact with
7.be classified as
8.a certain number of
9.the number of
一种传染病
3.在短时间内
4.两周或更短时间
7.将......分类
扫清阅读障碍
2.大量的
5.只要......就
6.和......接触
8.一定数量的
9........的数量
10.as opposed to
11.millions of
12.killer epidemics
13.creative a more positive future
14.go into detail
15.study tissue sample
16.as a result of
17.on record
18.get through
10.相对于......
12.致命的传染病
13.创造一个更美好的未来
16.由于
扫清阅读障碍
11.成百上千万
14.详细叙述
15.研究组织样本
17.有记载/记录的
18.度过/熬过困难时期
19.pose a threat
20.be confused by
21.infection rates
22.in the course of
23.result in
24.contribute to
25.lead to
26.cause
27.get over
19.构成威胁
21. 感染率
22.在......的过程中
25.导致
扫清阅读障碍
20.被......搞糊涂
23.导致
24.导致
26.导致
27.从......中康复过来
28.get at
e up with
30.as soon as possible
31.across the globe
32.press report
33.draw parallels between...and...
28.查明/发现
30.尽快
31.在全球范围内
扫清阅读障碍
29.提出/想出
32.媒体报道
33.将…...和…...相提并论
an infectious disease
within a short period of time
two weeks or less
be classified as
as opposed to
creative a more positive future
go into detail
as a result of
get through
详细叙述
将......分类
一种传染病
由于
相对于......
度过/熬过困难时期
两周或更短时间
创造一个更美好的未来
在短时间内
速记小测
Before Reading
Prediction
What is the genre（体裁）of the text ？
A. Narration
B.Exposition
C.Argumentation
D.Paractical writing
√
Part 1(Para. 1) A.Examples of epidemics in history.Part 2(Para. 2) B.The definition of an epidemic.Part 3(Para.3-8) C.Ways to deal with epidemic.Part 4(Para.9) D.The criteria(标准) of identifyinganepidemic.Readthe text quickly and match main idea with each part
1. What is an epidemic
Para 1
2. How can a disease be classified as an epidemic
Para 2
3. Is common cold epidemic？
Para 2
Circle all the epidemics mentioned in the passage.（6个）
bird flu
1918 Spanish Flu
The Black Death
SARS
Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
Para 4-8
Epidemics in the Roman Empire
4. What should different countries do to prevent outbreaks of epidemics in the future Why
Para 9
课文详解
①An epidemic is the name (given to an infectious disease) that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.
在短时间内
大量的
that引导定语从句
过去分词短语作后置定语
1．An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。given to an infectious disease是过去分词短语作____，修饰the name，并与之构成____关系；that引导____从句，修饰_______________，其中that在从句中作____。
[自主翻译]
复合
定语
被动
定语
infectious disease
主语
流行病是指在短时间内(通常两周或更短)迅速在大量人群中传播的传染性疾病。
Epidemics have been happening for as long as there have been people living on Earth. They can be caused by several different factors,
只要
在地球上
由...造成
such as a virus (being carried into an area), or changes in the way (people live), like more people living in an area, which increases the chances of them coming into contact with a bacteria or virus.
which引导非限制性定语从句
come into contact with
接触到
V-ing的被动式 作后置定语，含义①virus与carry是被动关系 ②“被携带”这个动作正在进行
省略that的定语从句
prep.比如
②Each disease can only officially be classified as an epidemic once a certain number of deaths have occurred from the disease. The number of deaths is different for every disease. So a very rare disease will have a low baseline and just a few cases of it in one place will be
一定数量的
...的数量
被归类为…
一旦，只有
病例
classified as an epidemic; as opposed to more common diseases (, such as the flu, ) that have a higher baseline. The common cold is a widespread virus (that affects millions of people), but it is not seen as being a serious enough condition to deserve the classification of epidemic.
that引导的定语从句
be not seen as 不被看作
相对于
被归类为…
that引导的定语从句
③With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past, Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about (how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.)
draw parallels between...and...将…和…相提并论
新闻报道
how引导的宾语从句
创造一个更积极/美好的未来
2．With recent press reports drawing parallels between bird flu and killer epidemics of the past，Jim Smith looks at the sometimes depressing history of epidemics for clues about how we can create a more positive future without epidemics.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。With...of the past 为with的复合结构作____，其中宾语press reports和宾补drawing parallels...构成_____关系；how we can...为____从句。
[自主翻译]　
复合
状语
主动
宾语
最近有新闻报道，吉姆·史密斯将禽流感和过去致命
的流行病作对比，在屡屡令人感到沮丧的流行病史中寻找线索，从而创造一个远离流行病的美好未来。
④Since bird flu first appeared in 1997, it has taken more than a hundred lives. Many people fear (it could be the next global epidemic), especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people (who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu) have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.
超过
省略了that的宾语从句
who引导定从
that引导宾从
who引导定从
详细叙述
研究组织样本
3．Many people fear it could be the next global epidemic, especially as scientists who have gone into detail studying tissue samples from the bodies of people who died of the 1918 Spanish Flu have proved that bird flu is a modern adaptation of that virus.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。Many people fear后是省略了that的____从句；as引导的是____状语从句，译作“______________”；两个who引导的都是____从句，分别修饰scientists和people；proved 之后的that引导____从句。
[自主翻译]　
复合
宾语
时间
当……的时候
定语
宾语
科学家们仔细研究了1918年西班牙流感死亡者尸体的组织样本，证明禽流感是该病毒的现代变异版本，许多人担心它可能会引起下一场全球流行病。
⑤One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE. Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic, making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
up to 多达
在...和...之间
之一
记录的
死于...
现在分词短语作结果状语
Then, in the 1330s, this epidemicreturned, this time in Asia. It spread rapidly to Europe and became known as “The Black Death” because one visible symptom was black spots on the body.
传播到
被称为；以......出名
⑥Centuries later, the Great Flu Epidemic of 1918, also called the Spanish Flu, struck near the end of World War Ⅰ. Families (who had only just got through the war) now had to bury their loved ones (who had died of the disease). As a result of the war, more people were travelling and moving perhaps than ever before in history and this caused the
who引导的定语从句
由于 as a result:因此
前所未有
get through 渡过(难关)
strike n.罢工,袭击 v.侵袭，打击，罢工
who引导的定语从句
epidemic to spread worldwide. Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months, the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history. More people died of the flu than died in the war. Initially, many people believed that such epidemics no longer posed a threat until very recently when SARS became a cause for concern.
adv.起初；开始
构成威胁
不再
非谓语(doing)动作发生在谓语动作之前，用having done
多达
⑦The SARS epidemic began in 2002 with a case of lung disease in Guangdong Province. It spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003. SARS was examined by scientists, (who were confused by this new disease and wanted to learn more about it and its causes.)
be confused by 对...困惑
蔓延到
肺部疾病
病例
被...检测
who引导非限制性定语从句
Infection rates went up steadily, and in the course of the outbreak, about 8,000 people were infected over nine months. Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks.
do trials on... 做关于...的试验
感染率
go up增长;上升
在...的过程中/期间
⑧Then, from 2013 to 2016, there was the most widespread outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) in West Africa, which resulted in a major loss of life in a number of west African countries.
result in导致
从...到...
which引导非限制性定语从句
许多
11,310 deaths were officially recorded, but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher. The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas, indicating that very few people got over it.
get over 克服，康复
存活率
像...一样；如同
⑨Despite, or perhaps because of, the epidemics (the world has faced in recent years,) governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
that引导同位语从句
近年来
尽管
因为
查明
提出；想出
尽快
省略that的定语从句
4.Despite，or perhaps because of，the epidemics the world has faced in recent years，governments worldwide have underlined the fact that they want thorough and systematic medical research on epidemics to get at the causes and come up with cures as soon as possible.
[句式分析]　此句是____句。Despite，or perhaps...in recent years作____，其中the world has faced in recent years是____从句，修饰the epidemics；the fact之后的that 引导______从句。
[自主翻译]
复合
状语
定语
同位语
尽管(或者是因为)近年来全球爆发了流行病，世界各国政府都已经强调，要对流行病进行彻底和系统的医学研究，以便尽快找出原因并找到治疗方法。
Countries will need to work together to do this because teamwork among nations across the globe can save lives.
拯救生命
共同努力
全球
After Reading
Finish the following exercises
1. Which word has similar meaning to the word “underline” in the last paragraph
A．Highlight. B．Explain. C．Mark. D．Describe.
2．Where are you most likely to find this passage
A．In a newspaper. B．In a magazine.
C．In a biology textbook. D．On a science website.
√
√
Finish the following exercises
3.What is the author’s attitude towards man’s struggle against epidemics
A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Uninterested.
4．What will the author write next
A．How to do systematic medical research on epidemics.
B．How to cooperate to find the cures.
C．Other epidemics in the world.
D．Solutions to epidemics.
√
√

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