资源简介

(共50张PPT)
Unit 2
Explore English
Using language
Throughout the class , students are able
1. to analyze some rules of word formation.分析构词法
2. to enlarge their vocabulary.扩大词汇量
3. to improve their abilities to guess the meanings of the words.
4.to know the similarities between Chinese and English and learn the essence of the two languages.
Learning goals
做某事有困难
既不……也不
使某人一直做某事
在某人空闲的时候
雕一座雕像
画一幅画
拍张照片
晕船/晕机/晕车
想家,思乡
在空中/在海上
have trouble/difficulty/problems (in) doing...
neither…nor
get sb doing
in one’s free time
sculpt a sculpture
paint a painting
take a photo
get seasick/airsick/carsick
get homesick
in the air / at sea
提及
一对反义词
医学报告
把……理解为
对……感到诧异
烧毁
填表格
离开；失去对…的兴趣; （爆炸装置）爆炸; （警报器）突然大作; （电器设备）停止运转; 进展; （食物或饮料）变质，坏掉;
speak of
an opposing pair
a medical report
read sth. as sth.
wonder at
burn down/up
fill in/out a form
go off
19. 给手表上发条
使（活动，会议等）结束
wind up the watch
wind up the passage
21.良好的行为
22.恶劣的行为
23.举止得当
24.举止不当
25.表现好的
26.表现差的
27.向外看
28.人类
29.创造v./n./adj./adv.
good behavior
bad behavior
behave well
behave badly
well-behaved
badly-behaved
look out of
human-race
create/creation/creativity/creative
creatively
1. If you try to learn too many things at a time, you may get _________.
2. Great care is taken to avoid _________ the two types of projects.
3. Her________ expression suggested that she was _______ about the _________ situation.(confuse)
用所给词或词组的正确形式填空。
confused/ confusing
confused
confusing
A Quick Review
confusing
confused
confused
1. The ground must be just right neither too wet ______ too dry.
2. Speaking ______ honesty, I know a lot of people who don't pay bus fares.
3. I wonder _____ your allowing her to do such a thing.
4. The result is opposite ____ what we had expected.
二、用适当的介词或连词填空。
nor
of
at
to
When you get to know the answer, do you feel
emo or supercalifragilisticexpealidocious
由super（非常，超越），cali（美丽），fragilistic（易碎的），expeali（补偿）和docious（可教育的）五个字根组成 [2] ，大意可以解释为“用易碎的美丽补偿可教育性的缺失（Atoning for educability through delicate beauty）”
CMCT等字幕组将其翻译成更符合当代网络语言风格的：人见人爱，花见花开，车见车爆胎。
emotional
Word formation
Look at the sentences and expressions from the reading passage. Match the words in bold to the types of word formation.
a Neither is there pine nor apple in pineapple.
b ...sculpt a sculpture...
c When we...see rain..., we can say “it’s raining”...
d WHO
1 abbreviating
2 changing the part of speech
3 adding a prefix or suffix
4 combining two or more words
Review: Word formation
Guess the meaning of the following words.
kind-hearted; baby-sit; breath-taking; mouth-watering; bittersweet; sleep-walk
adj.仁慈的
v.代人临时照看小孩
adj.令人惊叹的
adj.令人垂涎的
adj.(经历)苦乐参半的
v. 梦游
combining two/more words
记单词：充分联想+猜测
Discuss the functions of prefixes and suffixes.
e.g. involvement
词根决定单词意思，前缀决定单词词义，后缀决定单词词性
这就是英语中的偏旁部首
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
When you open a dictionary, you often come across a lot of unfamiliar words. You might think this is a bit scary. But many of them are formed using other simpler words. This is called word formation.
Words formed by combining other words are called compounds, for example, 1__________ (a friend that you contact by writing, traditionally using a pen) and 2_____________ (known by many people).
Prefixes and suffixes often have fixed meanings. If you add un- or in- to a word, the new word usually means the opposite. For example, if something isn’t correct it’s 3__________, and if someone isn’t happy they’re 4__________. Words with the suffixes -ment and -ness are often nouns. For example, if somebody has improved a lot, they have made great 5____________.
penfriend
well-known
incorrect
unhappy
improvement
Complete the passage with the help of word formation.
Some nouns and adjectives can be used as verbs, or the other way round. When we calm somebody down, they become 6__________. And we can give someone a present by 7_________________ it.
And sometimes a word is made up of the first letters of several words: “World Trade Organization” can be referred to as 8__________, and 9__________ is short for “as soon as possible”.
It is impossible to know the meaning of every word, but knowing about word formation can help us guess their meanings.
calm
presenting
WTO
ASAP
构词法
(word formation)
合成法
(combining two or more words)
派生法
(adding a prefix or suffix)
转化法
(changing the part of speech)
缩写
(abbreviating [ bri vie t ] )
前缀
(prefix)
后缀
(suffix)
Reviewing: word formation
派生法
派
生
法
在词根上加______或_____构成新词的方法。
特点
1.大多数前缀(prefix)会改变单词的______; 不改变_______。
2.一般情况下，后缀(suffix)会改变单词的______;词义不变或相近。
前缀
后缀
词义
词性
词性
定义definition
part of speech词性
派生法
1．前缀构词法
前缀 例词
dis (不，否定) dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不诚实的
un (不) unable不能够的；unlucky不幸的
un (做相反动作) undress脱衣服；unload卸货
in (不，非) inactive不活跃的；incorrect不正确的
im (不，非) impolite没有礼貌的
ir (不，非) irregular不规则的
派生法
1．前缀构词法
il (不，非) illogical不合逻辑的；illegal非法的
non (不，非) non existent不存在的
mis (错误的) misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运
re (重复，再) rewrite重写；remarry再婚
en (使) enrich丰富；enable使能够
ex (以前的) ex wife前妻
post (以后的) post war 战后的
postgraduate 研究生
派生法
1．前缀构词法
super (在……上面；超级) supermarket超市；supermodel超级模特
under (在……之下) underestimate低估；underground地下的
sub (在……下；次于；低于) subway地铁；submarine潜艇
inter (相互之间) international国际的；interact相互作用
semi (半) semi final半决赛；semicircle半圆
bi (二) bicycle自行车
tri (三) tricycle 三轮车；triangle 三角形
派生法
1．前缀构词法
multi (多) multinational跨国的
kilo (千) kilometre千米，公里；kilogram千克
centi (百分之一) centimetre厘米；centigram厘克
milli (千分之一) millimetre毫米；milligram毫克
tele (远) telephone电话；television电视
a (在……上/里；向……) aboard在船/火车/飞机上；
ahead在前面；
aside在旁边；abroad在国外
multi (多) multinational跨国的
派生法
1．前缀构词法
auto (自动；独自) automobile机动车，汽车；autobiography自传
extra (额外) extraordinary非凡的
pre (预先) predict预言；preview预习
micro (微小的) microphone 麦克风；microwave 微波；microscope显微镜；microsoft 微软
vice (副的) vice president 副总统
eco (生态的) ecology 生态学；ecosystem 生态系统；eco friendly环保的
trans (横跨) transfer 转移；transform转变；transmit传播；transplant移植
派生法
2.后缀构词法·名词后缀
派生法
2.后缀构词法·名词后缀
派生法
2.后缀构词法·名词后缀
派生法
2.后缀构词法·形容词后缀
派生法
2.后缀构词法·形容词后缀
派生法
2.后缀构词法·动词后缀
派生法
2.后缀构词法·副词后缀
Compounding 合成
bat
man
pain-killer
＝
止痛药
color- blind
色盲
合成词有时用连字符 (-)连接hyphen；
brainwash
brainstorm ？
hardworking ？
洗脑
头脑风暴
努力工作的
合成法
合
成
法
把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词_____一个新词的方法。
特点
1.直接写在一起或用_______ (-)连接；
2.由两个或________的词构成；
3.词义可推测。
合成
连字符
两个以上
定义definition
合成法
1．复合名词的主要构成方式
名词＋名词 silkworm蚕； classroom教室
形容词＋名词 double dealer两面派
v. ing＋名词 swimming pool游泳池
动词＋名词 breakwater防波堤；pickpocket扒手
名词＋v. ing handwriting笔迹
动词＋副词 get together联欢会；breakthrough突破
副词＋动词 downfall垮台；outbreak爆发
合成法
2．复合形容词的主要构成方式
形容词＋名词＋ ed cold blooded冷酷的
形容词＋名词 high class高级的
形容词＋v. ing easy going随和的
形容词＋过去分词 newborn新生的
形容词＋形容词 bitter sweet甜中有苦的
名词＋v. ing time consuming 费时间的
合成法
名词＋过去分词 handmade手工制作的
名词＋形容词 nationwide全国性的
副词＋v. ing far reaching 深远的
副词＋动词过去分词 well bred 很有教养的
数词＋名词＋形容词 five year old五周岁的
合成法
3．复合动词的主要构成方式
名词＋动词 sleep walk梦游
副词＋动词 overcome克服；undergo经历
形容词＋动词 black list将……列入黑名单
2.She was very brave about the whole thing.
3.The Chinese women's football team braved the storm and won the Asian Cup.
v.勇敢面对
adj.勇敢的
翻译句子并标注出划线单词不同的词性。
1.Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.
麻烦没来找你，就别去自找麻烦。
v.找麻烦
n.麻烦
n.麻烦
v.烦扰
1.春风又绿江南岸 2 范增数目项王
The spring wind has greened the southern shore again.
观察划线词有什么特点？
Fan Zeng signaled many times to Xiang Yu.
即一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性，词形不变，转化后的词义可以通过______推断。
2
转
化
法
原词
定义definition
转化法
转化法
名词转化为动词 face脸—face面对
形容词转化为动词 dirty脏的—dirty弄脏
动词转化为名词 design设计—design图案
形容词转化为名词 daily每日的—daily日报
形容词转化为副词 deep深的—deep深深地
缩写 全称 汉语
GDP gross domestic product 国内生产总值
NBA National Basketball Association (美国)全球篮球协会
IT information technology 信息科技
EMS express mail service 邮政特快专递
WTO World Trade Organization 世界贸易组织
What do these words stand for
abbreviation
4)另外还有许多缩写词是由各个单词
的首字母组成：
CCTV( China Central Television)
NBA (National Basketball Association)
VIP ( Very Important Person)
PRC
缩略法
缩略法(也被称为截断法或缩短法)主要采取: “截头”,“______ ”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词。
定义definition
去尾
1)截头
telephone→phone
aeroplane→plane
2)去尾
mathematics→maths
examination→exam
laboratory→lab
3)截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
( People’s Republic of China)
缩略法
截短法
将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变的英语构词法称为截短法，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1.截头
telephone→phone airplane→plane
2.去尾
mathematics→maths examination→exam
kilogram→kilo laboratory→lab
taxicab→taxi
3.截头去尾
influenza→flu
refrigerator→fridge
prescription→script
Word Formation
构词法
Abbreviation(缩略)
Conversion(转化)
Compounding (合成)
Summary
在词根上加______或_____构成新词的方法。eg: ______; ______
即一个单词由一种词性转变为另一种或几种词性，词形不变，转化后的词义可以通过______推断。eg: ______; ______
原词
把两个或两个以上的独立且语义不同的单词_____一个新词的方法。eg: ______ ; __________etc.
前缀
后缀
hopeful
unusual
trouble
green
合成
craftsman
pain-killer
方法指导:
翻译方法：__________
推测翻译
Derivation(派生)
缩略法主要采取: “截头”,“______ ”或者“既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词。eg:______ ; __________etc.
去尾
VIP
CCTV
方法指导:
前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性
abbreviation:
changing the part of speech:
adding a prefix or suffix:
combining two or more words:
Find more examples of word formation in the reading passage.
IT, US
it’s raining; it’s snowing
paint-painting, hard-hardly, soft-softly, harm-harmless / harmful, shame-shameless / shameful, visible-invisible
hamburger, eggplant, pineapple, seasick, airsick, carsick, homesick,
homework, housework
Reviewing: word formation
Homework:
Draw a mind map to consolidate(巩固)
what you have learnt today!
画一张思维导图巩固今天所学内容！
THANKS.

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