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高考英语二轮复习高频考点重点复习学案（人教选修第三册）
备考说明
本资料整合选修第三册U1-5核心词汇与语法点，按“词汇模块+语法模块”分类，每个知识点配套“核心词块/用法+2023-2025高考真题+即时练习”，突出高频考点与易错点，适配高考二轮“靶向突破”需求。
第一部分 核心词汇模块
1. sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；sorrowful adj. 悲伤的
核心词块：to one’s sorrow 令某人悲伤的是；sorrow at/for/over sth. 因某事悲伤；be sorrowful for 为……悲伤
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·读后续写改编）
看到爷爷珍藏的抗战家书，我悲伤得说不出话，泪水顺着脸颊滑落。（翻译）
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
To the little girl’s ______ (sorrow), her pet dog got lost in the heavy rain.
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The old man’s ________ (sorrow) story about the war moved everyone present to tears.
完成句子：________ (让我悲伤的是)，I missed the chance to say goodbye to my grandma.
2. mood n. 情绪；心情
核心词块：in a good/bad mood 心情好/差；be in the mood for sth./to do sth. 有心情做某事；be in no mood for 没心情做某事
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
The pianist was ______ such a bad mood that she almost refused to perform, but the audience’s warm cheers changed her mind.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
得知自己被心仪的大学录取，李明心情好极了，立刻打电话分享这个好消息。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
After winning the speech contest, Lily was ________ a good mood and sang all the way home.
句型转换：
He is too tired to go to the party.（用be in no mood改写）
He ________ going to the party because he is too tired.
3. sympathetic adj. 同情的；sympathy n. 同情
核心词块：be sympathetic to 同情；have sympathy for 同情……；out of sympathy for 出于对……的同情
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空）
When hearing about the old man’s difficult life, the volunteer felt ______ and decided to help him.
sympathetic B. curious C. nervous D. doubtful
（2025·北京卷·语法填空）
Out of ________ (sympathetic) for the disabled boy, the community raised money to buy him a wheelchair.
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The teacher was ________ (sympathy) to the student who lost his parents in the accident.
同义句改写：
People all have sympathy for the homeless children.
→ People all ________ the homeless children.
4. influence n. & vt. 影响；influential adj. 有影响力的
核心词块：have an influence on 对……有影响；under the influence of 在……影响下；be influential in 对……有影响
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The Silk Road has a profound influence on Western culture, and many plants ______ (influence) the development of European gardening.
（2025·浙江卷·书面表达改编）
在这位有影响力的科学家的影响下，我决定大学主修环境工程。（翻译）
即时练习
单句语法填空：
Her ______ (influence) speech changed many people’s attitudes towards environmental protection.
完成句子：
Parents’ behavior ______ (对孩子有极大影响) in their growth.
5. rank n. 地位；级别；vt. & vi. 分等级
核心词块：rank...as... 把……评为……；rank high 名列前茅；the first rank 一流的
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·应用文改编）
得知你在全国中学生创新大赛中名列前茅，我深感自豪。（翻译）
（2024·北京卷·选择题）
The expert ______ this new technology as one of the most important inventions of the decade.
ranks B. regards C. considers D. treats
即时练习
单句语法填空：
This university ______ (rank) first in the field of artificial intelligence in our country.
完成句子：他被评为年度最佳员工，因为他在工作中表现出色。（用rank...as...）
6. resolve vt. & vi. 决定；解决；resolution n. 决心
核心词块：resolve to do sth. 决心做某事；resolve conflicts 解决冲突；make a resolution 下定决心
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The government has resolved ______ (take) strict measures to control the rising housing prices.
（2025·新高考II卷·翻译）
为了解决邻里之间的矛盾，社区组织了一次座谈会，鼓励大家坦诚交流。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
She made a ______ (resolve) to improve her oral English by practicing with native speakers.
完成句子：
我们必须下定决心解决这个问题，否则后果会很严重。（用resolve to do sth.）
7. starve vi. & vt. （使）挨饿；渴望
核心词块：starve to death 饿死；be starving for sth./to do sth. 渴望；starvation n. 饥饿
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
The refugees, who had been trapped for days without food, were starving ______ a piece of bread when the rescue team arrived.
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
那个在沙漠中迷路的探险家差点饿死，直到一群骆驼商队发现了他。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The severe drought led to the ______ (starve) of hundreds of livestock in the area.
完成句子：学生们渴望得到老师的指导，因为他们在学习中遇到了很多困难。（用be starving to do）
8. seize vt. 抓住；夺取
核心词块：seize a chance 抓住机会；seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人胳膊；seize an opportunity 把握机遇
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新高考II卷·选择题）
When the opportunity to study abroad came, she ______ it without hesitation and achieved great progress later.
caught B. seized C. held D. grasped
（2024·北京卷·读后续写改编）
The little girl slipped on the ice, and her mother rushed over and ______ her by the hand before she fell.
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The moment the actor appeared on stage, excitement ______ (seize) all the audience.
翻译：我们必须抓住这个科技发展的机遇，提升国家的核心竞争力。（用seize a chance）
9. absorb vt. 吸引；吸收；absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
核心词块：be absorbed in 全神贯注于；absorb...from... 从……吸收；absorb oneself in 专注于
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
______ (absorb) in reading the novel, she didn’t notice that it was getting dark outside.
（2024·新高考II卷·选择题）
Plants can absorb water and nutrients ______ the soil to support their growth.
from B. in C. on D. through
即时练习
单句语法填空：
He absorbed ______ (he) in his work so much that he forgot to have lunch.
改写句子：
The students were absorbed in the experiment, so they didn’t hear the bell.（用现在分词短语作状语）
10. in particular 尤其；特别
核心词块：in particular = particularly 尤其；be particular about/over 对……讲究
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）We should pay attention to details in daily life, and ______ particular, we must be careful when dealing with important documents.
（2024·新高考I卷·七选五改编）When choosing a gift for your parents, you should consider their hobbies — ______ (particular) if they are particular about the style of the gift.
即时练习
单句语法填空：She is very particular ______ the quality of the food she eats.
完成句子：我喜欢各种运动，尤其喜欢游泳。（用in particular和particularly分别表达）
11. bring...to life 赋予……生命；come to life 苏醒
核心词块：bring new life to 赋予新生命；live a...life 过……生活；all one’s life 终生
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·读后续写改编）
The old storyteller’s vivid description ______ the ancient legend to life, and the children listened with wide eyes.
（2025·北京卷·书面表达）
我的祖父一生都过着简朴的生活，他的精神一直影响着我。（翻译）
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The quiet classroom suddenly came ______ life when the teacher started talking about interesting experiments.
完成句子：这位画家的作品赋予了传统图案新的生命。（用bring...to life）
12. rely on/upon 依赖；依靠
核心词块：rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事；rely on it that... 相信……；be reliable 可靠的
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国乙卷·语法填空）
You can rely on it ______ he will keep his promise and help you when you are in trouble.
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）My best friend is very ______, and I can always rely on her ______ me out of difficulties.
reliable; to help B. reliance; helping C. reliable; helping D. relying; to help
即时练习
单句语法填空：
We should not rely too much ______ others; we need to learn to solve problems by ourselves.
翻译：
你可以相信，这个可靠的方法会帮助你提高英语成绩。（用rely on it that...）
第二部分 核心语法模块（按考频排序）
模块一 定语从句（高考高频）
核心考点：限制性vs非限制性定语从句；as与which区别；the reason后关系词选择
1. 核心用法梳理
考点类型 核心规则 真题级例句
限制性vs非限制性 非限制性带逗号，不用that/why；补充说明可省略 ① The book that I bought is new.（限制）② The book, which I bought yesterday, is new.（非限制）
as与which as表“正如”（位置灵活）；which表“这一点”（句中/尾） ① As is known, China is great. ② He won, which surprised us.
the reason后关系词 缺状语用why/for which；缺主宾用that/which ① The reason why he cried is clear.（缺状语）② The reason (that) he gave is clear.（缺宾语）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
Beijing is a city that straddles the ancient and modern, ______ sits proudly in the heart of the urban sprawl.
（2024·北京卷·选择题）
We visited the school ______ my father taught 30 years ago.
where B. when C. that D. what
（2025·山东卷·语法填空）
The reason ______ he refused the invitation was that he had to look after his sick mother.
（2024·浙江卷·翻译）
正如报告所显示的，这个地区的生态环境已经得到了显著改善。（用as引导）
即时练习
单句语法填空：
This is the village ________ I spent my childhood.
句型转换：
He gave a reason. It explained his absence.（合并为定语从句）
He gave a reason ________ explained his absence.
模块二 不定式（作表语与主语）
核心考点：不定式作表语的四大用法；it作形式主语；与动名词的区别
1. 不定式作表语
用法类型 适用场景 例句
表目的 主语为purpose/aim/task The task is to collect data.
表结果 be to do结构，含“注定” We are to face challenges.
表征求意见 第一人称疑问句 What am I to do
to的省略 主语含do（what从句/only thing） What we need is (to) act.
2. 不定式作主语
核心结构：① It + be + 形容词 + for/of sb. + to do；② It takes sb. time + to do；③ 动词 + it + 形容词 + to do
易错点：for sb.（修饰动作难度）vs of sb.（修饰人品质，可转换为sb. be + 形容词）
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The purpose of the community activity is ______ (strengthen) the connection between neighbors.
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
What the coach emphasizes most is ______ hard in training, not just winning.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）、
It is necessary for students ______ (master) basic life skills like cooking.
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
We think it meaningful ______ (participate) in volunteer activities.
即时练习
单句语法填空：
Her dream is ______ (admit) to Peking University.
单句语法填空：
It ______ (take) me three days to prepare for the speech last week.
改写句子：It is stupid of him to refuse the offer.（转换为sb. be + 形容词）
模块三 直接引语与间接引语
核心考点：连接词选择；人称、时态、状语的转换规则；特殊句式（祈使句/感叹句）转换
1. 核心转换规则
转换维度 规则说明 示例
连接词 陈述句用that；疑问句用whether/if或原疑问词 “Where are you ” → He asked where I was.
时态 主句过去时，从句“倒推一级”（真理不变） “I like coffee.” → He said he liked coffee.
状语 now→then；yesterday→the day before；here→there “I came here yesterday.” → He said he went there the day before.
祈使句 用“ask/tell sb. (not) to do” “Don’t be late.” → He told us not to be late.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
My grandma told me that she ______ (plant) the apple tree when I was born.
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
The reporter asked the scientist ______ the new technology would be put into use.
A. when B. that C. if D. what
（2023·全国甲卷·翻译）
老师问我们是否已经掌握了上节课关于中国传统文化的重点内容。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The manager asked what ______ (happen) to the materials the day before.
句式转换： “Bring your ID tomorrow,” the HR said to me.（改为间接引语）
模块四 现在完成进行时
核心考点：动作持续至今/刚结束；与现在完成时的区别；不可用于该时态的动词（状态动词）
1. 核心用法
用法类型 标志词/语境 例句
持续至今 for + 时间段；since + 时间点 We have been studying English for 10 years.
刚结束 神态暗示（tired/sweating） He is sweating—he has been playing basketball.
与现在完成时区别 完成时表结果；进行时表过程 I have found a job.（结果） ② I have been looking for a job.（过程）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The research team ______ (work) on the new drug for five years, and they are about to make a breakthrough.
（2024·北京卷·翻译）
为了准备这场重要的演讲，他整个星期都在查阅相关资料。
（2025·新高考II卷·选择题）
—Why are your hands dirty —I ______ in the garden all morning.
A. worked B. have worked C. have been working D. was working
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The telephone ______ (ring) nonstop since I got to the office.
句型转换：
He started learning piano at five and still learns it now.（用现在完成进行时改写）
模块五 虚拟语气
核心考点：without引导的虚拟；if引导的虚拟条件句（与现在/过去/将来相反）
1. 核心用法
虚拟类型 结构 例句
without引导 与过去相反：主句would have done；与现在相反：would do Without your help, I would have failed.（过去）
if引导-过去相反 从句had done；主句would have done If I had known, I would have told you.
if引导-现在相反 从句did/were；主句would do If I were you, I would accept the offer.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·新高考I卷·语法填空）
Without the support of my family, I ______ (not achieve) my dream of becoming a doctor.
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
要是没有现代科技的帮助，我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项复杂的任务。
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
If I ______ (know) the truth earlier, I would have told you immediately.
即时练习
单句语法填空：
Without adequate sleep, you ______ (feel) tired and unable to concentrate.
改写句子：
But for his timely help, I would have failed the exam.（用without改写）
模块六 其他高频语法点
1. while的用法
核心考点：让步状语从句（虽然）；时间状语从句（当……时）；并列连词（然而）
【高考真题链接】
（2025·江苏卷·选择题）
______ the task is challenging, we are confident to finish it on time.
Because B. While C. Since D. As
（2023·新高考II卷·语法填空）
______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend.
即时练习
单句语法填空：
She likes reading at home, ______ her brother prefers outdoor sports.
2. 主语+be+adj.+不定式（主动表被动）
核心考点：不定式与主语构成动宾关系；不及物动词需加介词
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The newly-published book is very interesting ______ (read).
即时练习
翻译：这个问题对学生来说很难解决。
3. get+过去分词（表被动/状态变化）
核心考点：表被动动作（get injured）或状态变化（get married）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
The girl got ______ (injure) in the traffic accident.
即时练习
完成句子：
他们在相识五年后结婚了，现在过着幸福的生活。（用get married）
高考语法易错点汇总
定语从句：非限制性不用that/why；the reason后“缺啥补啥”（状语用why，主宾用that） 不定式：主语含do时表语to可省；for sb.（动作）vs of sb.（品质） 虚拟语气：without/but for后无需if，直接接名词+主句虚拟结构 现在完成进行/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
高考英语二轮复习高频考点重点复习学案（人教选修第三册）
备考说明
本资料整合选修第三册U1-5核心词汇与语法点，按“词汇模块+语法模块”分类，每个知识点配套“核心词块/用法+2023-2025高考真题+即时练习”，突出高频考点与易错点，适配高考二轮“靶向突破”需求。
第一部分 核心词汇模块
1. sorrow n. 悲伤；悲痛；sorrowful adj. 悲伤的
核心词块：to one’s sorrow 令某人悲伤的是；sorrow at/for/over sth. 因某事悲伤；be sorrowful for 为……悲伤
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国Ⅰ卷·读后续写改编）
看到爷爷珍藏的抗战家书，我悲伤得说不出话，泪水顺着脸颊滑落。（翻译）
答案：Seeing the anti-Japanese family letters cherished by grandpa, I was too sorrowful to speak, with tears of sorrow rolling down my cheeks.
解析：考点为sorrowful作表语及with复合结构，区分sorrow（名词）与sorrowful（形容词）的句法功能。
（2024·浙江卷·语法填空）
To the little girl’s ______ (sorrow), her pet dog got lost in the heavy rain.
答案：sorrow
解析：考查“to one’s + 名词”固定结构，表情感态度。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The old man’s ________ (sorrow) story about the war moved everyone present to tears.
答案：sorrowful
解析：形容词修饰名词story，表“令人悲伤的”。
完成句子：________ (让我悲伤的是)，I missed the chance to say goodbye to my grandma.
答案：To my sorrow
解析：固定短语作状语，突出情感转折。
2. mood n. 情绪；心情
核心词块：in a good/bad mood 心情好/差；be in the mood for sth./to do sth. 有心情做某事；be in no mood for 没心情做某事
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新课标Ⅱ卷·完形填空）
The pianist was ______ such a bad mood that she almost refused to perform, but the audience’s warm cheers changed her mind.
A. in B. on C. at D. with
答案：A
解析：固定搭配“in a bad mood”，表“情绪不佳”，其他介词无此搭配。
（2025·江苏卷·翻译）
得知自己被心仪的大学录取，李明心情好极了，立刻打电话分享这个好消息。
答案：Knowing he was admitted to his dream university, Li Ming was in such a good mood that he immediately called to share the good news.
解析：考查“such a good mood that...”句型，结合升学场景强化情感表达。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
After winning the speech contest, Lily was ________ a good mood and sang all the way home.
答案：in
解析：固定搭配“in a good mood”，表积极情绪。
句型转换：
He is too tired to go to the party.（用be in no mood改写）
He ________ going to the party because he is too tired.
答案：is in no mood for
解析：替换“没心情做某事”，衔接原因状语。
3. sympathetic adj. 同情的；sympathy n. 同情
核心词块：be sympathetic to 同情；have sympathy for 同情……；out of sympathy for 出于对……的同情
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·完形填空）
When hearing about the old man’s difficult life, the volunteer felt ______ and decided to help him.
sympathetic B. curious C. nervous D. doubtful
答案：A
解析：语境“老人生活困难”对应“同情”，其他选项语义不符。
（2025·北京卷·语法填空）
Out of ________ (sympathetic) for the disabled boy, the community raised money to buy him a wheelchair.
答案：sympathy
解析：“out of + 名词”结构，sympathetic的名词形式为sympathy。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The teacher was ________ (sympathy) to the student who lost his parents in the accident.
答案：sympathetic
解析：be动词后接形容词作表语。
同义句改写：
People all have sympathy for the homeless children.
→ People all ________ the homeless children.
答案：are sympathetic to
解析：词性转换与搭配替换，语义一致。
4. influence n. & vt. 影响；influential adj. 有影响力的
核心词块：have an influence on 对……有影响；under the influence of 在……影响下；be influential in 对……有影响
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The Silk Road has a profound influence on Western culture, and many plants ______ (influence) the development of European gardening.
答案：have influenced
解析：前半句用现在完成时表持续影响，后半句主语与influence为主动关系，延续时态。
（2025·浙江卷·书面表达改编）
在这位有影响力的科学家的影响下，我决定大学主修环境工程。（翻译）
答案：Under the influence of this influential scientist, I have decided to major in environmental engineering in college.
解析：区分influence（名词/动词）与influential（形容词）的用法，符合书面语境。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
Her ______ (influence) speech changed many people’s attitudes towards environmental protection.
答案：influential
解析：形容词修饰名词speech。
完成句子：
Parents’ behavior ______ (对孩子有极大影响) in their growth.
答案：has a great influence on children
解析：固定短语，主语为单数，谓语用has。
5. rank n. 地位；级别；vt. & vi. 分等级
核心词块：rank...as... 把……评为……；rank high 名列前茅；the first rank 一流的
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·应用文改编）
得知你在全国中学生创新大赛中名列前茅，我深感自豪。（翻译）
答案：Learning that you ranked high in the National Middle School Students Innovation Competition, I feel extremely proud.
解析：“rank high”表“名列前茅”，现在分词短语作状语符合祝贺信句式。
（2024·北京卷·选择题）
The expert ______ this new technology as one of the most important inventions of the decade.
ranks B. regards C. considers D. treats
答案：A
解析：“rank...as...”表“专业评级”，比regard更侧重“排序定位”，贴合专家语境。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
This university ______ (rank) first in the field of artificial intelligence in our country.
答案：ranks
解析：一般现在时表客观事实，主语为单数。
完成句子：他被评为年度最佳员工，因为他在工作中表现出色。（用rank...as...）
答案：He was ranked as the Employee of the Year because he performed excellently in his work.
解析：被动语态“be ranked as”表“被授予称号”。
6. resolve vt. & vi. 决定；解决；resolution n. 决心
核心词块：resolve to do sth. 决心做某事；resolve conflicts 解决冲突；make a resolution 下定决心
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The government has resolved ______ (take) strict measures to control the rising housing prices.
答案：to take
解析：“resolve to do sth.”固定结构，不定式作宾语表“决心采取措施”。
（2025·新高考II卷·翻译）
为了解决邻里之间的矛盾，社区组织了一次座谈会，鼓励大家坦诚交流。
答案：To resolve the conflicts between neighbors, the community organized a forum and encouraged everyone to communicate openly.
解析：不定式作目的状语，“resolve conflicts”表“解决矛盾”。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
She made a ______ (resolve) to improve her oral English by practicing with native speakers.
答案：resolution
解析：不定冠词后接名词形式。
完成句子：
我们必须下定决心解决这个问题，否则后果会很严重。（用resolve to do sth.）
答案：We must resolve to solve this problem, otherwise the consequences will be serious.
解析：“resolve to do”表“主动决心”，衔接转折语境。
7. starve vi. & vt. （使）挨饿；渴望
核心词块：starve to death 饿死；be starving for sth./to do sth. 渴望；starvation n. 饥饿
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国甲卷·语法填空）
The refugees, who had been trapped for days without food, were starving ______ a piece of bread when the rescue team arrived.
答案：for
解析：“be starving for sth.”表“渴望某物”，贴合难民语境。
（2025·浙江卷·翻译）
那个在沙漠中迷路的探险家差点饿死，直到一群骆驼商队发现了他。
答案：The explorer who got lost in the desert almost starved to death until a group of camel caravans found him.
解析：“starve to death”表“饿死”，until引导转折状语从句。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The severe drought led to the ______ (starve) of hundreds of livestock in the area.
答案：starvation
解析：定冠词后接名词形式。
完成句子：学生们渴望得到老师的指导，因为他们在学习中遇到了很多困难。（用be starving to do）
答案：The students are starving to get the teacher's guidance because they have encountered many difficulties in their studies.
解析：“be starving to do”表“迫切渴望”，衔接原因状语。
8. seize vt. 抓住；夺取
核心词块：seize a chance 抓住机会；seize sb. by the arm 抓住某人胳膊；seize an opportunity 把握机遇
【高考真题链接】
（2023·新高考II卷·选择题）
When the opportunity to study abroad came, she ______ it without hesitation and achieved great progress later.
caught B. seized C. held D. grasped
答案：B
解析：“seize a chance”表“主动把握机遇”，比catch更强调主观能动性。
（2024·北京卷·读后续写改编）
The little girl slipped on the ice, and her mother rushed over and ______ her by the hand before she fell.
答案：seized
解析：“seize sb. by the hand”固定结构，一般过去时表过去场景。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The moment the actor appeared on stage, excitement ______ (seize) all the audience.
答案：seized
解析：一般过去时表“瞬间动作”，主动关系。
翻译：我们必须抓住这个科技发展的机遇，提升国家的核心竞争力。（用seize a chance）
答案：We must seize this chance of technological development to enhance the country's core competitiveness.
解析：“seize a chance”表“战略把握”，不定式作目的状语。
9. absorb vt. 吸引；吸收；absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
核心词块：be absorbed in 全神贯注于；absorb...from... 从……吸收；absorb oneself in 专注于
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
______ (absorb) in reading the novel, she didn’t notice that it was getting dark outside.
答案：Absorbed
解析：“be absorbed in”的形容词短语作状语，表被动关系（人被书吸引）。
（2024·新高考II卷·选择题）
Plants can absorb water and nutrients ______ the soil to support their growth.
from B. in C. on D. through
答案：A
解析：“absorb...from...”固定搭配，表“从土壤吸收养分”，符合常识。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
He absorbed ______ (he) in his work so much that he forgot to have lunch.
答案：himself
解析：“absorb oneself in”固定结构，反身代词作宾语。
改写句子：
The students were absorbed in the experiment, so they didn’t hear the bell.（用现在分词短语作状语）
答案：Absorbing themselves in the experiment, the students didn’t hear the bell.
解析：主动形式“absorb oneself in”转换为现在分词状语。
10. in particular 尤其；特别
核心词块：in particular = particularly 尤其；be particular about/over 对……讲究
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国甲卷·语法填空）
We should pay attention to details in daily life, and ______ particular, we must be careful when dealing with important documents.
答案：in
解析：“in particular”固定短语，表“强调重点”，突出处理文件的谨慎性。
（2024·新高考I卷·七选五改编）
When choosing a gift for your parents, you should consider their hobbies — ______ (particular) if they are particular about the style of the gift.
答案：particularly
解析：副词particularly修饰从句，表“递进强调”。
即时练习
单句语法填空：She is very particular ______ the quality of the food she eats.
答案：about/over
解析：“be particular about”表“对食物讲究”。
完成句子：我喜欢各种运动，尤其喜欢游泳。（用in particular和particularly分别表达）
答案：①I like all kinds of sports, swimming in particular. ②I particularly like swimming among all kinds of sports.
解析：in particular置名词后，particularly置动词前。
11. bring...to life 赋予……生命；come to life 苏醒
核心词块：bring new life to 赋予新生命；live a...life 过……生活；all one’s life 终生
【高考真题链接】
（2024·全国乙卷·读后续写改编）
The old storyteller’s vivid description ______ the ancient legend to life, and the children listened with wide eyes.
答案：brought
解析：一般过去时表“过去场景”，“bring...to life”表“使传说鲜活”。
（2025·北京卷·书面表达）
我的祖父一生都过着简朴的生活，他的精神一直影响着我。（翻译）
答案：My grandfather has lived a simple life all his life, and his spirit has always influenced me.
解析：现在完成时表“持续状态”，“live a simple life”表生活方式。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The quiet classroom suddenly came ______ life when the teacher started talking about interesting experiments.
答案：to
解析：“come to life”表“变得活跃”。
完成句子：这位画家的作品赋予了传统图案新的生命。（用bring...to life）
答案：The painter’s works have brought new life to the traditional patterns.
解析：现在完成时表“持续影响”，“bring new life to”表文化传承。
12. rely on/upon 依赖；依靠
核心词块：rely on sb. to do sth. 指望某人做某事；rely on it that... 相信……；be reliable 可靠的
【高考真题链接】
（2025·全国乙卷·语法填空）
You can rely on it ______ he will keep his promise and help you when you are in trouble.
答案：that
解析：“rely on it that...”固定结构，it为形式宾语，that引导真正宾语从句。
（2024·浙江卷·选择题）My best friend is very ______, and I can always rely on her ______ me out of difficulties.
reliable; to help B. reliance; helping C. reliable; helping D. relying; to help
答案：A
解析：第一空形容词reliable作表语；第二空“rely on sb. to do”固定结构。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
We should not rely too much ______ others; we need to learn to solve problems by ourselves.
答案：on/upon
解析：“rely on”固定搭配表“依赖”。
翻译：
你可以相信，这个可靠的方法会帮助你提高英语成绩。（用rely on it that...）
答案：You can rely on it that this reliable method will help you improve your English grades.
解析：“rely on it that...”表“可靠的肯定”，衔接学习场景。
第二部分 核心语法模块（按考频排序）
模块一 定语从句（高考高频）
核心考点：限制性vs非限制性定语从句；as与which区别；the reason后关系词选择
1. 核心用法梳理
考点类型 核心规则 真题级例句
限制性vs非限制性 非限制性带逗号，不用that/why；补充说明可省略 ① The book that I bought is new.（限制）② The book, which I bought yesterday, is new.（非限制）
as与which as表“正如”（位置灵活）；which表“这一点”（句中/尾） ① As is known, China is great. ② He won, which surprised us.
the reason后关系词 缺状语用why/for which；缺主宾用that/which ① The reason why he cried is clear.（缺状语）② The reason (that) he gave is clear.（缺宾语）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
Beijing is a city that straddles the ancient and modern, ______ sits proudly in the heart of the urban sprawl.
答案：which
解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词为city，缺主语，不用that。
（2024·北京卷·选择题）
We visited the school ______ my father taught 30 years ago.
where B. when C. that D. what
答案：A
解析：先行词school表地点，从句缺状语（taught后缺地点），用where。
（2025·山东卷·语法填空）
The reason ______ he refused the invitation was that he had to look after his sick mother.
答案：why/for which
解析：先行词reason，从句缺原因状语，用why或for which。
（2024·浙江卷·翻译）
正如报告所显示的，这个地区的生态环境已经得到了显著改善。（用as引导）
答案：As is shown in the report, the ecological environment in this area has been significantly improved.
解析：as表“正如”，位置灵活，符合客观陈述语境。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
This is the village ________ I spent my childhood.
答案：where
解析：先行词表地点，从句缺状语。
句型转换：
He gave a reason. It explained his absence.（合并为定语从句）
He gave a reason ________ explained his absence.
答案：that/which
解析：先行词reason，从句缺主语。
模块二 不定式（作表语与主语）
核心考点：不定式作表语的四大用法；it作形式主语；与动名词的区别
1. 不定式作表语
用法类型 适用场景 例句
表目的 主语为purpose/aim/task The task is to collect data.
表结果 be to do结构，含“注定” We are to face challenges.
表征求意见 第一人称疑问句 What am I to do
to的省略 主语含do（what从句/only thing） What we need is (to) act.
2. 不定式作主语
核心结构：① It + be + 形容词 + for/of sb. + to do；② It takes sb. time + to do；③ 动词 + it + 形容词 + to do
易错点：for sb.（修饰动作难度）vs of sb.（修饰人品质，可转换为sb. be + 形容词）
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The purpose of the community activity is ______ (strengthen) the connection between neighbors.
答案：to strengthen
解析：主语purpose，不定式作表语表“目的”，与and后的create并列。
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
What the coach emphasizes most is ______ hard in training, not just winning.
A. work B. to work C. working D. worked
答案：C
解析：“努力训练”为抽象要求，用现在分词作表语；具体动作才用to work。
（2024·全国乙卷·语法填空）、
It is necessary for students ______ (master) basic life skills like cooking.
答案：to master
解析：“It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do”结构，necessary修饰“掌握技能”的动作。
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
We think it meaningful ______ (participate) in volunteer activities.
答案：to participate
解析：“think + it + 形容词 + to do”，it为形式宾语。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
Her dream is ______ (admit) to Peking University.
答案：to be admitted
解析：表未来目标，被动语态。
单句语法填空：
It ______ (take) me three days to prepare for the speech last week.
答案：took
解析：It takes sb. time to do的过去式。
改写句子：It is stupid of him to refuse the offer.（转换为sb. be + 形容词）
答案：He is stupid to refuse the offer.
解析：of sb.结构可直接转换。
模块三 直接引语与间接引语
核心考点：连接词选择；人称、时态、状语的转换规则；特殊句式（祈使句/感叹句）转换
1. 核心转换规则
转换维度 规则说明 示例
连接词 陈述句用that；疑问句用whether/if或原疑问词 “Where are you ” → He asked where I was.
时态 主句过去时，从句“倒推一级”（真理不变） “I like coffee.” → He said he liked coffee.
状语 now→then；yesterday→the day before；here→there “I came here yesterday.” → He said he went there the day before.
祈使句 用“ask/tell sb. (not) to do” “Don’t be late.” → He told us not to be late.
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
My grandma told me that she ______ (plant) the apple tree when I was born.
答案：had planted
解析：主句told为过去时，从句“种树人”先于主句动作，用过去完成时。
（2025·浙江卷·选择题）
The reporter asked the scientist ______ the new technology would be put into use.
A. when B. that C. if D. what
答案：A
解析：直接引语为特殊疑问句（“何时投入使用”），用原疑问词when引导。
（2023·全国甲卷·翻译）
老师问我们是否已经掌握了上节课关于中国传统文化的重点内容。
答案：The teacher asked us whether/if we had mastered the key points about Chinese traditional culture from the last class.
解析：疑问句用whether/if，“已经掌握”倒推为过去完成时。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The manager asked what ______ (happen) to the materials the day before.
答案：had happened
解析：主句过去时，从句用过去完成时。
句式转换： “Bring your ID tomorrow,” the HR said to me.（改为间接引语）
答案：The HR told me to bring my ID to the interview the next day.
解析：祈使句用“tell sb. to do”，tomorrow改为the next day。
模块四 现在完成进行时
核心考点：动作持续至今/刚结束；与现在完成时的区别；不可用于该时态的动词（状态动词）
1. 核心用法
用法类型 标志词/语境 例句
持续至今 for + 时间段；since + 时间点 We have been studying English for 10 years.
刚结束 神态暗示（tired/sweating） He is sweating—he has been playing basketball.
与现在完成时区别 完成时表结果；进行时表过程 I have found a job.（结果） ② I have been looking for a job.（过程）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·全国乙卷·语法填空）
The research team ______ (work) on the new drug for five years, and they are about to make a breakthrough.
答案：has been working
解析：“for five years”表持续，“即将突破”暗示动作仍在进行，用现在完成进行时。
（2024·北京卷·翻译）
为了准备这场重要的演讲，他整个星期都在查阅相关资料。
答案：To prepare for this important speech, he has been looking up relevant materials all week.
解析：“整个星期”表持续，强调“查阅资料”的过程，用现在完成进行时。
（2025·新高考II卷·选择题）
—Why are your hands dirty —I ______ in the garden all morning.
A. worked B. have worked C. have been working D. was working
答案：C
解析：“双手脏”暗示动作刚结束，“all morning”表持续，用现在完成进行时。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
The telephone ______ (ring) nonstop since I got to the office.
答案：has been ringing
解析：since表起点，动作仍在进行。
句型转换：
He started learning piano at five and still learns it now.（用现在完成进行时改写）
答案：He has been learning the piano since he was five.
解析：浓缩“从五岁到现在”的持续动作。
模块五 虚拟语气
核心考点：without引导的虚拟；if引导的虚拟条件句（与现在/过去/将来相反）
1. 核心用法
虚拟类型 结构 例句
without引导 与过去相反：主句would have done；与现在相反：would do Without your help, I would have failed.（过去）
if引导-过去相反 从句had done；主句would have done If I had known, I would have told you.
if引导-现在相反 从句did/were；主句would do If I were you, I would accept the offer.
【高考真题链接】
（2025·新高考I卷·语法填空）
Without the support of my family, I ______ (not achieve) my dream of becoming a doctor.
答案：would not have achieved
解析：“没有家人支持”与过去事实相反（已成为医生），用would have done否定式。
（2024·天津卷·翻译）
要是没有现代科技的帮助，我们不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项复杂的任务。
答案：Without the help of modern technology, we could not have finished this complex task in such a short time.
解析：与过去事实相反，用could not have finished表“不可能完成”。
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
If I ______ (know) the truth earlier, I would have told you immediately.
答案：had known
解析：if引导与过去相反的虚拟，从句用had done。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
Without adequate sleep, you ______ (feel) tired and unable to concentrate.
答案：would feel
解析：与现在事实相反，主句用would do。
改写句子：
But for his timely help, I would have failed the exam.（用without改写）
答案：Without his timely help, I would have failed the exam.
解析：but for与without均表“要不是”，虚拟结构不变。
模块六 其他高频语法点
1. while的用法
核心考点：让步状语从句（虽然）；时间状语从句（当……时）；并列连词（然而）
【高考真题链接】
（2025·江苏卷·选择题）
______ the task is challenging, we are confident to finish it on time.
Because B. While C. Since D. As
答案：B
解析：while引导让步状语从句，表“虽然”，语气委婉。
（2023·新高考II卷·语法填空）
______ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend.
答案：While walking
解析：while引导时间状语从句的省略，主动关系用现在分词。
即时练习
单句语法填空：
She likes reading at home, ______ her brother prefers outdoor sports.
答案：while
解析：并列连词，表对比“然而”。
2. 主语+be+adj.+不定式（主动表被动）
核心考点：不定式与主语构成动宾关系；不及物动词需加介词
【高考真题链接】
（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）
The newly-published book is very interesting ______ (read).
答案：to read
解析：book与read构成动宾关系，主动表被动。
即时练习
翻译：这个问题对学生来说很难解决。
答案：This problem is very difficult for students to solve.
解析：problem与solve构成动宾关系，主动表被动。
3. get+过去分词（表被动/状态变化）
核心考点：表被动动作（get injured）或状态变化（get married）
【高考真题链接】
（2023·浙江卷·语法填空）
The girl got ______ (injure) in the traffic accident.
答案：injured
解析：get+过去分词表被动，“受伤”的动作。
即时练习
完成句子：
他们在相识五年后结婚了，现在过着幸福的生活。（用get married）
答案：They got married after knowing each other for five years, and now they live a happy life.
解析：get married表“结婚”的动作。
高考语法易错点汇总
定语从句：非限制性不用that/why；the reason后“缺啥补啥”（状语用why，主宾用that） 不定式：主语含do时表语to可省；for sb.（动作）vs of sb.（品质） 虚拟语气：without/but for后无需if，直接接名词+主句虚拟结构 现在完成进行

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