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中考英语专题复习讲义——名词词义辨析（一）
一、名词辨析专题
第1组：place/location
●用法精讲：
place：泛指具体地点（如公园、家等日常场所）
location：强调地理位置或正式场所（如酒店、商场等需精确描述的位置）
速记口诀：place日常地，location正式位
●典型例题：
The new shopping mall is in a convenient ___.
A. place B. location C. area D. site
答案：B（强调商业地理位置）
●举一反三：
This is a quiet ___ to study. (place)
The film was shot at a secret ___. (location)
They chose this ___ for the factory. (location)
第2组：problem/question
●用法精讲：
problem：待解决的难题（如数学题、社会问题）
question：需回答的疑问（如考试题、提问）
速记口诀：problem解难题，question答疑问
●典型例题：
The math ___ was too difficult for me.
A. problem B. question C. issue D. matter
答案：A（数学难题）
●举一反三：
Can you answer this ___ (question)
Pollution is a serious ___. (problem)
The teacher asked a ___. (question)
第3组：job/work
●用法精讲：
job：可数名词，指具体职业（如教师、医生）
work：不可数名词，泛指劳动或任务
速记口诀：job具体职，work抽象劳
●典型例题：
She found a part-time ___ in the café.
A. work B. job C. career D. task
答案：B（具体工作）
●举一反三：
Hard ___ leads to success. (work)
His ___ is to design buildings. (job)
I have much ___ to do. (work)
第4组：sound/noise
●用法精讲：
sound：中性词，泛指任何声音
noise：贬义词，指噪音
速记口诀：sound泛指声，noise嘈杂音
●典型例题：
The ___ of birds singing is pleasant.
A. noise B. sound C. voice D. tone
答案：B（中性声音）
●举一反三：
Don’t make ___ in the library. (noise)
The ___ of rain is relaxing. (sound)
Traffic ___ is annoying. (noise)
第5组：cloth/clothes/clothing
●用法精讲：
cloth：布料（不可数）
clothes：具体衣物（复数，无单数形式）
clothing：服装总称（不可数）
速记口诀：cloth是布料，clothes身上衣，clothing服装总称
●典型例题：
This ___ is made of cotton.
A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dress
答案：A（布料）
●举一反三：
She bought new ___ for the trip. (clothes)
The store sells children’s ___. (clothing)
Use a soft ___ to clean the table. (cloth)
第6组：house/home
●用法精讲：
house：物理意义上的房子
home：情感意义上的家
速记口诀：house物理房子，home情感之家
●典型例题：
After years abroad, he missed his ___.
A. house B. home C. building D. apartment
答案：B（情感归属）
●举一反三：
They bought a new ___ last year. (house)
Family is where the heart finds ___. (home)
The ___ has three bedrooms. (house)
第7组：travel/trip/journey
●用法精讲：
travel：泛指旅行（不可数）
trip：短途旅行（可数）
journey：长途旅程（可数，强调过程）
速记口诀：travel泛指旅行，trip短途游，journey长途旅程
●典型例题：
We went on a weekend ___ to the mountains.
A. travel B. trip C. journey D. tour
答案：B（短途旅行）
●举一反三：
Air ___ is convenient nowadays. (travel)
Their ___ across Africa was adventurous. (journey)
The school ___ to the museum was fun. (trip)
第8组：weather/climate
●用法精讲：
weather：短期天气状况
climate：长期气候特征
速记口诀：weather短期天气，climate长期气候
●典型例题：
The ___ in tropical regions is humid.
A. weather B. climate C. season D. temperature
答案：B（长期气候）
●举一反三：
The ___ forecast says rain tomorrow. (weather)
Desert ___ is dry and hot. (climate)
How is the ___ today (weather)
第9组：scene/scenery
●用法精讲：
scene：具体场景（如事故现场、戏剧场景）
scenery：自然风光（不可数）
速记口诀：scene具体场景，scenery自然风光
●典型例题：
The mountain ___ attracts many tourists.
A. scene B. scenery C. view D. sight
答案：B（自然风光）
●举一反三：
The police examined the accident ___. (scene)
The ___ of the Alps is breathtaking. (scenery)
Act 2, ___ 3 of the play is intense. (scene)
第10组：cause/reason
●用法精讲：
cause：事件发生的直接原因
reason：解释行为的逻辑理由
速记口诀：cause事件起因，reason逻辑理由
●典型例题：
The ___ of the fire was electrical.
A. cause B. reason C. excuse D. source
答案：A（直接起因）
●举一反三：
What’s your ___ for being late (reason)
Smoking is a leading ___ of lung cancer. (cause)
He gave no ___ for his absence. (reason)
第11组：result/effect
●用法精讲：
result：由行动导致的具体结果
effect：某事产生的效果或影响
速记口诀：result具体结果，effect抽象影响
●典型例题：
The ___ of the medicine was immediate.
A. result B. effect C. consequence D. outcome
答案：B（效果）
●举一反三：
The exam ___ will be announced tomorrow. (results)
The special ___ in the movie were amazing. (effects)
His injury was a ___ of the accident. (result)
第12组：skill/ability
●用法精讲：
skill：通过训练获得的技能
ability：天生的能力或潜力
速记口诀：skill后天技能，ability先天能力
●典型例题：
Her language ___ impressed everyone.
A. skills B. abilities C. talents D. capacities
答案：A（后天技能）
●举一反三：
He has the ___ to solve complex problems. (ability)
Cooking requires practical ___. (skills)
Musical ___ often appears early. (ability)
第13组：price/cost
●用法精讲：
price：商品标价
cost：生产或获取所需费用
速记口诀：price商品价，cost成本费
●典型例题：
The production ___ of smartphones is decreasing.
A. price B. cost C. value D. expense
答案：B（成本）
●举一反三：
What’s the ___ of this jacket (price)
Living ___ in cities is high. (costs)
They reduced the ___ to attract customers. (price)
名词词义辨析闯关训练
请从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最恰当的答案。
1.His dream ____ is to become a pilot.
A. work B. job C. career D. task
2.The ____ of waves on the beach calmed her.
A. noise B. sound C. voice D. tone
3.This traditional ____ is woven from silk.
A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dress
4.After the earthquake, they rebuilt their ____ with hope.
A. house B. home C. building D. apartment
5.The ____ from Shanghai to London took 12 hours.
A. travel B. trip C. journey D. tour
6.The ____ in Antarctica is extremely cold all year round.
A. weather B. climate C. season D. temperature
7.The sunset over the lake created a beautiful ____.
A. scene B. scenery C. view D. sight
8.The main ____ of the traffic jam was an accident.
A. cause B. reason C. excuse D. source
9.The special ____ in this film are created by computers.
A. results B. effects C. consequences D. outcomes
10.Her leadership ____ helped the team succeed.
A. skills B. abilities C. talents D. capacities
11.The ____ of raw materials affects the product’s final price.
A. price B. cost C. value D. expense
12.This park is a perfect ____ for a picnic.
A. place B. location C. area D. site
13.The teacher raised an interesting ____ about history.
A. problem B. question C. issue D. matter
14.Finding ____ in this city is challenging for graduates.
A. work B. job C. jobs D. works
15.Construction ____ from the site disturbed the neighbors.
A. noise B. sound C. voice D. tone
16.She donated winter ____ to the homeless shelter.
A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dresses
17.Even in a small __, he always felt at __.
A. house; home B. home; house C. building; apartment D. apartment; building
18.The ____ of learning a language requires daily practice.
A. skill B. ability C. talent D. capacity
【答案】
1.B(job) → 指具体的职业（飞行员）。
2.B(sound) → 中性词，泛指海浪的声音。
3.A(cloth) → 指布料（丝绸材质）。
4.B(home) → 情感意义上的“家”（重建家园）。
5.C(journey) → 长途旅程（跨洲飞行）。
6.B(climate) → 长期气候特征（全年寒冷）。
7.A(scene) → 具体场景（日落画面）。
8.A(cause) → 事件直接起因（事故导致堵车）。
9.B(effects) → 电影特效（抽象效果）。
10.A(skills) → 后天训练的技能（领导力）。
11.B(cost) → 生产成本（原材料费用）。
12.A(place) → 泛指日常地点（公园野餐）。
13.B(question) → 需回答的疑问（历史问题）。
14.C(jobs) → 具体工作（可数名词）。
15.A(noise) → 贬义词（施工噪音）。
16.C(clothing) → 服装总称（不可数）。
17.A(house; home) → 物理房子 vs. 情感归属。
18.A(skill) → 后天技能（需练习）。

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