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中考英语专题复习讲义——形容词词义辨析（一）
第1组：big/large
●用法精讲：
big：强调体积、规模或重要性（主观性强）
large：侧重尺寸、数量或面积（客观描述）
速记口诀： big重规模，large重尺寸
●典型例题：
The ___ elephant amazed the children.
A. big B. large C. huge D. great
答案：A（强调视觉冲击）
●举一反三：
He lives in a ___ house. (large)
This is a ___ decision for our company. (big)
The room is ___ enough for 50 people. (large)
第2组：high/tall
●用法精讲：
high：描述高度（物体、数值、水平）
tall：仅用于有高度的生物或细长物体（人、树、建筑）
速记口诀： high泛高度，tall指竖高
●典型例题：
The ___ mountain is covered with snow.
A. high B. tall C. long D. deep
答案：A（自然高度）
●举一反三：
She is ___ for her age. (tall)
The ___ temperature reached 40°C. (high)
The ___ skyscraper dominates the skyline. (tall)
第3组：old/elder
●用法精讲：
old：泛指年龄大（人或物）
elder：仅用于家庭成员的长幼（名词前）
速记口诀： old泛年老，elder家人序
●典型例题：
My ___ brother works in a hospital.
A. old B. elder C. older D. senior
答案：B（家庭成员长幼）
●举一反三：
This ___ castle has a history of 500 years. (old)
Respect your ___ relatives. (elder)
She is ___ than me by two years. (older)
第4组：many/much
●用法精讲：
many：修饰可数名词复数
much：修饰不可数名词
速记口诀： many可数多，much不可数
●典型例题：
There are ___ books on the shelf.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
答案：A（可数名词）
●举一反三：
How ___ water do you need (much)
Too ___ mistakes were made. (many)
___ information is missing. (Much)
第5组：few/little
●用法精讲：
few：修饰可数名词（表否定）
little：修饰不可数名词（表否定）
速记口诀： few可数少，little不可数
●典型例题：
He has ___ friends in this city.
A. few B. little C. many D. much
答案：A（可数名词）
●举一反三：
There is ___ time left. (little)
___ people understood the lecture. (Few)
Only a ___ sugar is needed. (little)
第6组：interesting/funny
●用法精讲：
interesting：令人感兴趣
funny：滑稽可笑
速记口诀： interesting有趣，funny滑稽
●典型例题：
The science experiment was ___.
A. interesting B. funny C. boring D. exciting
答案：A（知识性吸引）
●举一反三：
His joke was so ___! (funny)
The documentary is ___. (interesting)
She told a ___ story. (funny)
第7组：beautiful/pretty
●用法精讲：
beautiful：综合美感（人/物）
pretty：小巧精致（人或小物件）
速记口诀： beautiful大美，pretty小俏
●典型例题：
The sunset was absolutely ___.
A. beautiful B. pretty C. lovely D. nice
答案：A（整体美感）
●举一反三：
She wore a ___ dress. (pretty)
The valley is ___. (beautiful)
What a ___ necklace! (pretty)
第8组：clever/smart
●用法精讲：
clever：思维敏捷
smart：机灵或时髦
速记口诀： clever头脑灵，smart机灵或时髦
●典型例题：
The ___ solution saved time.
A. clever B. smart C. wise D. bright
答案：A（智力敏捷）
●举一反三：
He looks ___ in a suit. (smart)
That was a ___ trick! (clever)
She’s ___ about technology. (smart)
第9组：quick/fast
●用法精讲：
quick：反应或行动迅速
fast：移动或运行速度快
速记口诀： quick反应快，fast速度高
●典型例题：
Give a ___ answer to the question.
A. quick B. fast C. rapid D. swift
答案：A（反应速度）
●举一反三：
The car is very ___. (fast)
She made a ___ decision. (quick)
The train travels ___. (fast)
第10组：quiet/silent
●用法精讲：
quiet：环境安静
silent：完全无声
速记口诀： quiet安静，silent无声
●典型例题：
The library must remain ___.
A. quiet B. silent C. calm D. peaceful
答案：A（低噪音环境）
●举一反三：
The audience fell ___. (silent)
We need a ___ place to study. (quiet)
The machine is ___. (silent)
第11组：afraid/frightened
●用法精讲：
afraid：主观感到害怕
frightened：受到惊吓
速记口诀： afraid常害怕，frightened突受惊
●典型例题：
The child was ___ of the thunderstorm.
A. afraid B. frightened C. scared D. terrified
答案：A（长期恐惧）
●举一反三：
She was ___ by the loud noise. (frightened)
He is ___ of heights. (afraid)
The ___ rabbit hid under the bush. (frightened)
第12组：alive/living
●用法精讲：
alive：强调生命状态（作表语）
living：强调生存或生物特性（作定语）
速记口诀： alive作表语，living作定语
●典型例题：
Is your grandmother still ___
A. alive B. living C. live D. lively
答案：A（生命状态）
●举一反三：
All ___ things need water. (living)
The rescued hiker is ___. (alive)
She studies ___ languages. (living)
第13组：alone/lonely
●用法精讲：
alone：独自一人（客观状态）
lonely：感到孤独（情感）
速记口诀： alone独一人，lonely心孤独
●典型例题：
He lives in a ___ house by the lake.
A. alone B. lonely C. single D. only
答案：B（情感孤独）
●举一反三：
She enjoys being ___. (alone)
The old man feels ___. (lonely)
Traveling ___ can be freeing. (alone)
第14组：angry/mad
●用法精讲：
angry：生气
mad：愤怒或疯狂
速记口诀： angry生气，mad狂怒
●典型例题：
The teacher was ___ about the cheating.
A. angry B. mad C. annoyed D. furious
答案：A（情绪表达）
●举一反三：
He was ___ at the unfairness. (mad)
She gave an ___ look. (angry)
It’s a ___ idea! (mad)
第15组：ancient/old
●用法精讲：
ancient：远古的
old：陈旧的
速记口诀： ancient远古，old陈旧
●典型例题：
___ civilizations fascinate historians.
A. Ancient B. Old C. Aged D. Antique
答案：A（远古时代）
●举一反三：
This ___ map is valuable. (old)
___ Egypt had advanced technology. (Ancient)
The ___ building was renovated. (old)
形容词辨析闯关训练
说明： 从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1.The ___ tree in our garden is over 100 years old.
A. high B. tall C. big D. large
2.This decision will have a ___ impact on our future.
A. big B. large C. huge D. great
3.My ___ sister teaches me math every weekend.
A. old B. elder C. older D. senior
4.There are too ___ people in the room.
A. many B. much C. few D. little
5.The documentary about sharks was ___.
A. interesting B. funny C. boring D. exciting
6.She lives in a ___ village near the forest.
A. alone B. lonely C. single D. only
7.The phone suddenly became ___.
A. silent B. quiet C. calm D. still
8.He gave a ___ reply to avoid trouble.
A. clever B. smart C. wise D. bright
9.The ___ computer crashed during the exam.
A. ancient B. old C. aged D. antique
10.After running, I felt very ___.
A. asleep B. sleepy C. tired D. exhausted
11.It’s ___ to ignore safety rules.
A. bad B. wrong C. false D. evil
12.This is the ___ cake I’ve ever tasted!
A. best B. favorite C. perfect D. ideal
13.The situation grew ___ after the storm.
A. better B. worse C. clearer D. calmer
14.The meeting was so ___ that I almost fell asleep.
A. boring B. bored C. dull D. tired
15.His ___ plan surprised everyone.
A. brave B. bold C. courageous D. fearless
【答案】
1.B (tall) → 细高物体（树）。
2.A (big) → 强调重要性（主观）。
3.B (elder) → 家庭成员长幼。
4.A (many) → 可数名词复数（people）。
5.A (interesting) → 吸引人的知识性内容。
6.B (lonely) → 情感孤独（非物理独自）。
7.A (silent) → 完全无声（手机）。
8.A (clever) → 思维敏捷的回应。
9.B (old) → 陈旧设备（非历史性）。
10.C (tired) → 体力消耗（非困倦）。
11.B (wrong) → 道德错误。
12.A (best) → 客观最优（非偏好）。
13.B (worse) → 情况恶化。
14.A (boring) → 事物特性令人无聊。
15.B (bold) → 大胆或鲁莽的计划。

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