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英语　选择性必修 第三册 WY
Period Ⅱ　Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
Grammar (主语从句)
①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
②The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
③What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
④It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
⑤What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
⑥So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
(1)以上例句中黑体部分在句中作________。
(2)①句中的what在从句中作________；③句中的what在从句中作________；⑤句中的what在从句中作________。
(3)②⑥句中的whether意为“________”。
(4)④句中It是________，真正的________是后面that引导的从句。
答案：(1)主语　(2)表语　主语　宾语　(3)是否　(4)形式主语　主语
一、定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around－the－world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
她的儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，让这位女士很担心。
二、连接词及其句法功能
1．从属连词：that, whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。
(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
名师点津 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。
单句表达
①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
______________________ made us very happy.
②她来不来都无关紧要。
__________________ doesn't matter too much.
答案：①That she could come to help us　
②Whether she is coming or not
2．连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等
连接代词引导主语从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
Who will go to the concert is not known.
不知道谁会去听音乐会。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
Who he is is none of my business.
他是谁和我没关系。
Which side will win is not clear.
哪一方会赢还不清楚。
名师点津 who 引导的主语从句强调一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句强调“人”。
3．连接副词：when, where, how, why等
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
名师点津 主语从句引导词的确定步骤 (1)分析句式结构，明确主语从句在句中的功能。 (2)明确主语从句所表达的意义。 (3)明确主语从句中所需要的成分及意义。 (4)确定主语从句的引导词。
单句语法填空
①________ we can increase our production remains a problem.
②________ John was late for the class has been unexplained.
③________ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④________ the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
⑤________ surprises me most is that he is too proud.
⑥________ is interested in the activity can sign your names.
答案：①How　②Why　③Which　④Where/When　⑤What　⑥Whoever
三、用it作形式主语的结构
1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主语从句
It is important that he (should) know about this.
他应该知道此事，这一点很重要。
名师点津 在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
2．It＋be＋名词短语(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主语从句
It's a pity that he didn't come.
很遗憾他没来。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, suggested, reported, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
名师点津 在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
4．It＋不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, remain, etc.)＋主语从句
It seems that it is going to rain.(也有表语从句一说)
看起来好像要下雨。
5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们突然都来看他。
(1)单句表达
①很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
________________ you can't attend my birthday party.
②建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。
________________ the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.
③在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。
________________ you disagree with the plan.
④她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。
It is doubtful __________________________．
⑤碰巧那年收成不好。
______________ the harvest was bad that year.
答案：①It's a pity that　②It's suggested that　③It seems to me that　④whether she will be able to come to the party　⑤It happened that
(2)句型转换
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→________________ he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn't been yet decided.
→________________________________ they will sell the house.
③That light travels in straight lines is known to us all.
→____________________ light travels in straight lines.
答案：①It surprised us that　②It hasn't been decided yet whether　③It is known to us all that
四、应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述句语序
What we will do next should be decided.
应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪里找份工作使他很困惑。
名师点津 what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词在数上保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
单句语法填空
①What surprised me most ________ (be) that the man in rags was a millionaire.
②What he needs most ________ (be) money.
③When and where they had the party ________ (be) known.
④That the coal workers are still alive ________ (be) a wonder.
答案：①was　②is　③was　④is
Vocabulary
assumption n. 假定，假设(教材P6)
归纳拓展
①It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions.
臆断人们的反应是不可能的。
②His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.
他的观点建立在人人平等的假设之上。
③It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
人们普遍认为，压力是工作任务过重所致。
④Assuming (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money
假定这个建议被采纳了，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
名师点津 与assuming (that)＋从句 ... “假设，如果”结构和意义相同的表达还有：provided/providing (that)＋从句；suppose/supposing(that)＋从句；given＋that从句；what if/say＋从句。
单句语法填空
①My calculations were based on the ________ (assume) that house prices would remain steady.
②It is generally assumed ________ most accidents are caused by tired or sleepy drivers.
③________ (assume) that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aim high”．
答案：①assumption　②that　③Assuming
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．While he was away for that first year of our marriage, I stayed with my mum and worked hard to keep our s________ for our first home.
答案：savings
2．He is interested in the p________ of murderers.
答案：psychology
3．But these f________ agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys.
答案：findings
4．He was the head of a charity for the w________ of children.
答案：welfare
5．We are working on the a________ that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.
答案：assumption
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is very important ________ China should balance the development and security of the cutting－edge technology.
答案：that
2．________ will be in charge of the company is a mystery.
答案：Who
3．________ we will hold a party tomorrow or not depends on the weather.
答案：Whether
4．________ cars will be parked in the future is a question.
答案：Where
5.True marriage requires us to show trust and ________ (loyal)．
答案：loyalty
6．________ made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.
答案：What
7．________ breaks the law should be punished.
答案：Whoever
8．My father was unable to talk about the war, because it was so ________ (fright)．
答案：frightful
9．________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
答案：How
10．________ (assume) that the talks make progress, won't they do too little, too late
答案：Assuming
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．最令我们印象深刻的是你的艺术技巧，你在这方面表现出了杰出的才能。
________________________ your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.
答案：What impresses us most are
2．福利改革是政府的当务之急。
________________ is a top priority for the government.
答案：Welfare reform
3．我发现我们能够节省一些费用，并将节省下来的部分让利于顾客是正确的。
I found we could __________________ and it is right to pass the savings on to the customer.
答案：make some savings
4．他将出席会议，这使我们每个人都很兴奋。
________________________ has excited every one of us.
答案：That he will attend the meeting
5．据报道，到2050年，将从世界各地选出约30名年龄18岁及以上的志愿者前往火星。
________________ about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to go to Mars by the year of 2050.
答案：It is reported that
6．他为什么没有通过生物考试还不清楚。
________________ the biology exam isn't clear.
答案：Why he failed in
7．人们普遍认为，消费者关注他们所熟知并信任的品牌。
__________________________ consumers look to brand names they know and trust.
答案：It is generally assumed that
8．我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
______________________ he became a writer.
答案：It is known to us how
9．本书扼要叙述了主要的研究结果。
The book describes in outline ________________ of the research.
答案：the main findings
10．她创下了别人望尘莫及的纪录。
She ____________ which nobody else can remotely approach.
答案：sets a record
课后课时作业
Ⅰ　完形填空
Today I met Connell, 91, almost fully blind and partly deaf. But he still had his humour. While I was getting a pedicure (修脚) in a shop, Connell was __1__ to the chair next to me. Being his first time here, he was __2__ a little embarrassed. Then we started chatting and he told me his stories as a truck driver.
Connell noticed I got a leg massage (推拿) and he __3__ he wanted one too, so I helped him explain it to the waitress. Connell asked me what I __4__ for a living. I told him I was an independent disability support person. Hearing this, he __5__ said, “Hey, I'm disabled! I'm blind！” Then he laughed and I laughed too, __6__ him that he was 91 already and couldn't quite have it all.
When I was __7__， I paid for his treatment also, and tried to __8__ before he noticed. But the waitress who __9__ me ran over and told him. Tears in eyes, he tried reaching for his __10__. He told me I couldn't possibly pay for him, to which my __11__ was “Yes I can ... Umm ... I already have ...” As I was __12__ on my response, a woman who was watching the scene said it was really __13__．
All I asked from Connell was a hug. In fact, it was just someone showing a gentleman a little __14__， and his impact was __15__ on me than I'm sure mine was on him.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在足疗店遇到了91岁有点残疾却依然幽默的 Connell (康奈尔)。作者为Connell付钱，但Connell表示拒绝。作者认为自己很小的善行反而让自己得到了更多。
1．A.guided B．connected
C．limited D．dragged
答案：A
解析：根据上文“Today I met Connell, 91, almost fully blind and partly deaf.”可知，Connell年事已高，且几乎完全失明又不太听得清，由此可知，他是被人引导过来的。故选A。
2．A.roughly B．understandably
C．bitterly D．frequently
答案：B
解析：roughly 粗略地；understandably 可理解地；bitterly 痛苦地；frequently 常常，频繁地。根据上文“Being his first time here”可知，第一次来这里，Connell的尴尬是可以理解的。故选B。
3．A.explained B．decided
C．imagined D．demanded
答案：B
解析：explain 解释；decide 决定；imagine 想象；demand 要求。根据上文“Connell noticed I got a leg massage (推拿)”可知，看到作者在做腿部按摩，Connell决定自己也要做。故选B。
4．A.played B．chatted
C．did D．drove
答案：C
解析：根据下文“I told him I was an independent disability support person.”可知，Connell问作者是做什么的。故选C。
5．A.angrily B．honestly
C．sincerely D．excitedly
答案：D
解析：angrily 生气地；honestly 诚实地；sincerely 真诚地；excitedly 兴奋地。根据下文“‘Hey, I'm disabled! I'm blind！’ Then he laughed”可知，此处指Connell很兴奋地说。故选D。
6．A.reminding B．promising
C．finding D．showing
答案：A
解析：根据下文“he was 91 already and couldn't quite have it all”可知，此处指作者提醒Connell他已经91岁了，不可能眼睛耳朵都很好。故选A。
7．A.competing B．working
C．leaving D．waiting
答案：C
解析：compete 竞争；work 工作；leave 离开；wait 等待。根据下文“I paid for his treatment also”可知，作者这时准备离开。故选C。
8．A.look down B．set up
C．speak up D．get away
答案：D
解析：look down 向下看；轻视；set up 搭建，成立；speak up 大声说；get away 离开。根据下文“before he noticed”可知，作者试着在Connell注意到之前离开，以免让他知道作者为他付钱。故选D。
9．A.accompanied B．impressed
C．served D．attracted
答案：C
解析：accompany 陪伴；impress 使……印象深刻；serve 服务；attract 吸引。根据上文“While I was getting a pedicure (修脚) in a shop”可知，作者在一家足疗店，此处是指为他服务的女服务员。故选C。
10．A.cigarettes B．wallet
C．seat D．pocket
答案：B
解析：根据下文“He told me I couldn't possibly pay for him”可知，老人认为作者不应该为他付钱，此处指他伸手去摸钱包，准备自己付钱。reach for “伸手去拿”。故选B。
11．A.condition B．advice
C．response D．request
答案：C
解析：根据下文“Yes I can ... Umm ... I already have ...”可知，这是作者对老人所说的话的答复。且下文“As I was __12__ on my response”也是提示。故选C。
12．A.choking B．deciding
C．holding D．posting
答案：A
解析：choke 说不出话；decide 决定；hold 拿着；post 公布。根据上文“Yes I can ... Umm ... I already have ...”可知，作者不知道该如何回答老人的话，支吾着没说清楚。故选A。
13．A.unique B．lovely
C．formal D．suitable
答案：B
解析：unique 独特的；lovely 美好的；令人愉快的；formal 正式的；suitable 适合的。根据上文作者帮Connell付钱，而老人拒绝帮助可知，该女士认为这是令人愉快的场景。故选B。
14．A.confidence B．hope
C．knowledge D．kindness
答案：D
解析：根据上文作者帮Connell付钱可知，这是作者一个善意的行为。故选D。
15．A.faster B．closer
C．weaker D．greater
答案：D
解析：此处是指Connell残疾但依然幽默的态度，以及拒绝作者为他付钱的行为给了作者更大的影响。故选D。
Ⅱ　语法填空
Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and __1__ (broad) your horizons. In summer, you'd better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too __2__ (crowd). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills, __3__ (stand) the famous Zhang Fei Temple __4__ (surround) by trees. Because smoking __5__ (forbid) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, __6__ you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen __7__ the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, __8__ impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShan. There is immense __9__ (mountain) land on both banks of the Yangtze River with only small areas of flat __10__ (plain)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了游览三峡的路线以及沿途的景色。
1．答案：broaden
解析：考查词性转换。句意：通过旅行，你可以欣赏到美丽的景色，开阔视野。and连接两个并列谓语。故填 broaden。
2．答案：crowded
解析：考查词性转换。句意：夏天，你最好在重庆坐游轮去三峡，因为江油的船通常特别拥挤。此处应用形容词作表语。故填crowded。
3．答案：stands
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且为全部倒装句，主语为the famous Zhang Fei Temple，表示单数。故填stands。
4．答案：surrounded
解析：考查非谓语动词。the famous Zhang Fei Temple与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填surrounded。
5．答案：is forbidden
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语smoking 与谓语forbid 之间为被动关系，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填is forbidden。
6．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，the deck为先行词，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
7．答案：in
解析：考查介词。句意：你可以看到远处的渔民。in the distance “在远处”为固定短语。故填 in。
8．答案：what
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：然而，给你印象最深的可能是巫山县的大宁河。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为“……的事物”，应用what。故填what。
9．答案：mountainous
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词修饰名词land。故填mountainous。
10．答案：plains
解析：考查名词。长江两岸不止一个平原，所以应用名词复数。故填plains。
Ⅲ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have always been a big girl. I am comfortable with my body but there is a price to pay for being different.
In primary school, I was an enthusiastic gymnast and was actually the team captain in my final year. I was not brilliant and had to make up for my inadequacies by hours and hours of extra practice. Long after the other girls had left, I would still be in the school hall going over every routine. It took months to master the moves and in the early days, I always managed to get my ribbon in a terrible knot. However, I persevered and I improved so much so that in 2002 I was in the Zimbabwe National Gymnastics Championships Final. Whenever I went up in a competition, I always got the sense that the crowd did not expect much from the overweight child before them. The crowd never expected the little hippo bursting out of her leotard (紧身连衣裤) to have the talent, grace or control required to be a rhythmic gymnast. This crowd was no different. They commented loudly about my weight. One man ever even said, “That is the ugliest leotard I have ever seen and the elephant inside it isn't much better！”
I was mortified (难堪的). As I tried to blink away the tears, I wanted to tell the man the reason I was wearing a leotard that resembled elephant hide (毛皮) was that I could not find any other in my size. Pretty does not come in extra large. Instead, I let my ribbon do the talking. I had worked particularly hard on my ribbon work and it showed. On the first beat I knew it was going to be great. The notes seemed to twirl along with the ribbon.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I was gliding to the music, each crescendo (音乐渐强) echoing the excitement in my heart as I executed the moves.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 I was crowned National Champion that year, but that was not the best thing I got from hours of exhausting practice.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小热爱体操运动，体型较大的她总是勤加练习以弥补自身的不足。在一次比赛前，作者受到观众的嘲笑，这让作者很难堪，但她并没有反驳，而是决定用实力说话。看到作者的表现后，观众有何反应呢？获得冠军的作者又有何感悟呢？
[精彩范文]
I was gliding to the music, each crescendo (音乐渐强) echoing the excitement in my heart as I executed the moves. Soon the sniggers of the crowd turned to cheers. As I went into that last split leap and cascaded the ribbon in a waterfall entering my final pose, the crowd went quiet. My ribbon ceased to flutter and all was still. Then the crowd erupted. I turned to face them and found each one on their feet, applauding. It was incredible.
I was crowned National Champion that year, but that was not the best thing I got from hours of exhausting practice. The best thing was the knowledge that my body does not define who I am and should never limit what I can do. Society seems to assume that all overweight people are unhappy with their weight and have low self esteem, so they never amount to much. I do not believe that. I know that I can achieve anything I put my mind to because I am bigger than my body.
6(共77张PPT)
WELCOME UNIT
Unit 1　 Face values
Period Ⅱ　Using language—Grammar & Integrated skills
课前自主预习
精讲课时语法
目录
CONTENTS
1
2
课堂效果检测
3
课后课时作业
4
Grammar (主语从句)
课前自主预习
①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.
②The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.
③What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.
④It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.
⑤What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.
⑥So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.
(1)以上例句中黑体部分在句中作______。
(2)①句中的what在从句中作______；③句中的what在从句中作______；⑤句中的what在从句中作______。
(3)②⑥句中的whether意为“_____”。
(4)④句中It是_________，真正的______是后面that引导的从句。
主语
表语
主语
宾语
是否
形式主语
主语
精讲课时语法
一、定义
在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。
What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around－the－world trip.
让人们激动的是太阳船已完成了环游世界的旅行。
It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.
她的儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，让这位女士很担心。
二、连接词及其句法功能
1．从属连词：that, whether/if
(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。
That she survived the accident is a miracle.
她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。
(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。
Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.
＝It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.
这个计划是否会实施还不知道。
名师点津
whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。
单句表达
①她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。
___________________________ made us very happy.
②她来不来都无关紧要。
__________________________ doesn't matter too much.
That she could come to help us
Whether she is coming or not
2．连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等
连接代词引导主语从句时，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
Who will go to the concert is not known.
不知道谁会去听音乐会。
Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.
无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。
Who he is is none of my business.
他是谁和我没关系。
Which side will win is not clear.
哪一方会赢还不清楚。
名师点津
who 引导的主语从句强调一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句强调“人”。
3．连接副词：when, where, how, why等
连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。
When we will have a meeting is an important question.
我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。
Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.
我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。
How this happened is not clear to anyone.
这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。
名师点津
主语从句引导词的确定步骤
(1)分析句式结构，明确主语从句在句中的功能。
(2)明确主语从句所表达的意义。
(3)明确主语从句中所需要的成分及意义。
(4)确定主语从句的引导词。
单句语法填空
①______ we can increase our production remains a problem.
②______ John was late for the class has been unexplained.
③_______ part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.
④____________ the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.
⑤______ surprises me most is that he is too proud.
⑥_________ is interested in the activity can sign your names.
How
Why
Which
Where/When
What
Whoever
三、用it作形式主语的结构
1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主语从句
It is important that he (should) know about this.
他应该知道此事，这一点很重要。
名师点津
在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/
strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
2．It＋be＋名词短语(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主语从句
It's a pity that he didn't come.
很遗憾他没来。
3．It＋be＋过去分词(said, suggested, reported, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主语从句
It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
有人建议会议延期召开。
名师点津
在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/
required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。
4．It＋不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, remain, etc.)＋主语从句
It seems that it is going to rain.(也有表语从句一说)
看起来好像要下雨。
5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句
It surprised him that they came to visit him suddenly.
让他吃惊的是他们突然都来看他。
(1)单句表达
①很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。
_____________ you can't attend my birthday party.
②建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。
________________ the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.
③在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。
________________ you disagree with the plan.
It's a pity that
It's suggested that
It seems to me that
④她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。
It is doubtful _____________________________________．
⑤碰巧那年收成不好。
______________ the harvest was bad that year.
whether she will be able to come to the party
It happened that
(2)句型转换
①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.
→________________ he suddenly fell ill last month.
②Whether they will sell the house hasn't been yet decided.
→______________________________ they will sell the house.
③That light travels in straight lines is known to us all.
→____________________ light travels in straight lines.
It surprised us that
It hasn't been decided yet whether
It is known to us all that
四、应注意的问题
1．从句要用陈述句语序
What we will do next should be decided.
应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。
2．主谓一致
(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数。
Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.
毕业后到哪里找份工作使他很困惑。
名师点津
what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词在数上保持一致。
What the school needs most are books.
这所学校最需要的是书。
(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。
When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.
他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。
When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.
他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。
单句语法填空
①What surprised me most ____ (be) that the man in rags was a millionaire.
②What he needs most ____ (be) money.
③When and where they had the party ____ (be) known.
④That the coal workers are still alive ___ (be) a wonder.
was
is
was
is
Vocabulary
assumption n. 假定，假设(教材P6)
归纳 拓展
①It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions.
臆断人们的反应是不可能的。
②His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.
他的观点建立在人人平等的假设之上。
③It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
人们普遍认为，压力是工作任务过重所致。
④Assuming (that) the proposal is accepted, when are we going to get the money
假定这个建议被采纳了，我们什么时候能拿到钱？
名师点津
与assuming (that)＋从句 ... “假设，如果”结构和意义相同的表达还有：provided/providing (that)＋从句；suppose/supposing(that)＋从句；given＋that从句；what if/say＋从句。
单句语法填空
①My calculations were based on the ___________ (assume) that house prices would remain steady.
②It is generally assumed _____ most accidents are caused by tired or sleepy drivers.
③__________ (assume) that you have all obtained employment and are fairly started, my advice to you is “aim high”．
assumption
that
Assuming
课堂效果检测
Ⅰ.根据语境及首字母提示完成句子
1．While he was away for that first year of our marriage, I stayed with my mum and worked hard to keep our s______ for our first home.
2．He is interested in the p________ of murderers.
3．But these f_______ agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys.
4．He was the head of a charity for the w_____ of children.
5．We are working on the a_________that the rate of inflation will not increase next year.
avings
sychology
indings
elfare
ssumption
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．It is very important ____ China should balance the development and security of the cutting－edge technology.
2．______will be in charge of the company is a mystery.
3．________ we will hold a party tomorrow or not depends on the weather.
4．_______ cars will be parked in the future is a question.
5.True marriage requires us to show trust and _______ (loyal)．
that
Who
Whether
Where
loyalty
6．______ made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.
7．________ breaks the law should be punished.
8．My father was unable to talk about the war, because it was so ________ (fright)．
9．_____ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
10．________ (assume) that the talks make progress, won't they do too little, too late
What
Whoever
frightful
How
Assuming
Ⅲ.单句表达
1．最令我们印象深刻的是你的艺术技巧，你在这方面表现出了杰出的
才能。
________________________ your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent.
2．福利改革是政府的当务之急。
______________ is a top priority for the government.
What impresses us most are
Welfare reform
3．我发现我们能够节省一些费用，并将节省下来的部分让利于顾客是正
确的。
I found we could __________________ and it is right to pass the savings on to the customer.
4．他将出席会议，这使我们每个人都很兴奋。
___________________________ has excited every one of us.
make some savings
That he will attend the meeting
5．据报道，到2050年，将从世界各地选出约30名年龄18岁及以上的志愿者前往火星。
________________ about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to go to Mars by the year of 2050.
6．他为什么没有通过生物考试还不清楚。
________________ the biology exam isn't clear.
It is reported that
Why he failed in
7．人们普遍认为，消费者关注他们所熟知并信任的品牌。
________________________ consumers look to brand names they know and trust.
8．我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
___________________ he became a writer.
9．本书扼要叙述了主要的研究结果。
The book describes in outline ________________ of the research.
10．她创下了别人望尘莫及的纪录。
She ____________ which nobody else can remotely approach.
It is generally assumed that
It is known to us how
the main findings
sets a record
课后课时作业
Ⅰ　完形填空
Today I met Connell, 91, almost fully blind and partly deaf. But he still had his humour. While I was getting a pedicure (修脚) in a shop, Connell was __1__ to the chair next to me. Being his first time here, he was __2__ a little embarrassed. Then we started chatting and he told me his stories as a truck driver.
Connell noticed I got a leg massage (推拿) and he __3__ he wanted one too, so I helped him explain it to the waitress. Connell asked me what I __4__ for a living. I told him I was an independent disability support person. Hearing this, he __5__ said, “Hey, I'm disabled! I'm blind！” Then he laughed and I laughed too, __6__ him that he was 91 already and couldn't quite have it all.
When I was __7__， I paid for his treatment also, and tried to __8__ before he noticed. But the waitress who __9__ me ran over and told him. Tears in eyes, he tried reaching for his __10__. He told me I couldn’t possibly pay for him, to which my __11__ was “Yes I can ... Umm ... I already have ...” As I was __12__ on my response, a woman who was watching the scene said it was really __13__．
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在足疗店遇到了91岁有点残疾却依然幽默的 Connell (康奈尔)。作者为Connell付钱，但Connell表示拒绝。作者认为自己很小的善行反而让自己得到了更多。
All I asked from Connell was a hug. In fact, it was just someone showing a gentleman a little __14__， and his impact was __15__ on me than I'm sure mine was on him.
1．A.guided B．connected
C．limited D．dragged
解析：根据上文“Today I met Connell, 91, almost fully blind and partly deaf.”可知，Connell年事已高，且几乎完全失明又不太听得清，由此可知，他是被人引导过来的。故选A。
2．A.roughly B．understandably
C．bitterly D．frequently
解析：roughly 粗略地；understandably 可理解地；bitterly 痛苦地；frequently 常常，频繁地。根据上文“Being his first time here”可知，第一次来这里，Connell的尴尬是可以理解的。故选B。
3．A.explained B．decided
C．imagined D．demanded
解析：explain 解释；decide 决定；imagine 想象；demand 要求。根据上文“Connell noticed I got a leg massage (推拿)”可知，看到作者在做腿部按摩，Connell决定自己也要做。故选B。
4．A.played B．chatted
C．did D．drove
解析：根据下文“I told him I was an independent disability support person.”可知，Connell问作者是做什么的。故选C。
5．A.angrily B．honestly
C．sincerely D．excitedly
解析： angrily 生气地；honestly 诚实地；sincerely 真诚地；excitedly 兴奋地。根据下文“‘Hey, I'm disabled! I'm blind！’ Then he laughed”可知，此处指Connell很兴奋地说。故选D。
6．A.reminding B．promising
C．finding D．showing
解析：根据下文“he was 91 already and couldn't quite have it all”可知，此处指作者提醒Connell他已经91岁了，不可能眼睛耳朵都很好。故选A。
7．A.competing B．working
C．leaving D．waiting
解析： compete 竞争；work 工作；leave 离开；wait 等待。根据下文“I paid for his treatment also”可知，作者这时准备离开。故选C。
8．A.look down B．set up
C．speak up D．get away
解析： look down 向下看；轻视；set up 搭建，成立；speak up 大声说；get away 离开。根据下文“before he noticed”可知，作者试着在Connell注意到之前离开，以免让他知道作者为他付钱。故选D。
9．A.accompanied B．impressed
C．served D．attracted
解析： accompany 陪伴；impress 使……印象深刻；serve 服务；attract 吸引。根据上文“While I was getting a pedicure (修脚) in a shop”可知，作者在一家足疗店，此处是指为他服务的女服务员。故选C。
10．A.cigarettes B．wallet
C．seat D．pocket
解析：根据下文“He told me I couldn't possibly pay for him”可知，老人认为作者不应该为他付钱，此处指他伸手去摸钱包，准备自己付钱。reach for “伸手去拿”。故选B。
11．A.condition B．advice
C．response D．request
解析：根据下文“Yes I can ... Umm ... I already have ...”可知，这是作者对老人所说的话的答复。且下文“As I was __12__ on my response”也是提示。故选C。
12．A.choking B．deciding
C．holding D．posting
解析：choke 说不出话；decide 决定；hold 拿着；post 公布。根据上文“Yes I can ... Umm ... I already have ...”可知，作者不知道该如何回答老人的话，支吾着没说清楚。故选A。
13．A.unique B．lovely
C．formal D．suitable
解析：unique 独特的；lovely 美好的；令人愉快的；formal 正式的；suitable 适合的。根据上文作者帮Connell付钱，而老人拒绝帮助可知，该女士认为这是令人愉快的场景。故选B。
14．A.confidence B．hope
C．knowledge D．kindness
解析：根据上文作者帮Connell付钱可知，这是作者一个善意的行为。故选D。
15．A.faster B．closer
C．weaker D．greater
解析：此处是指Connell残疾但依然幽默的态度，以及拒绝作者为他付钱的行为给了作者更大的影响。故选D。
Ⅱ　语法填空
Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and __1__ (broad) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too __2__ (crowd). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills, __3__ (stand) the famous Zhang Fei Temple __4__ (surround) by trees. Because smoking __5__ (forbid) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, __6__ you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen __7__ the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, __8__ impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShan. There is immense __9__ (mountain) land on both banks of the Yangtze River with only small areas of flat __10__ (plain)．
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章向读者介绍了游览三峡的路线以及沿途的景色。
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　
6.________　7.________　8.________ 9.________　10.________
1．答案：broaden
解析：考查词性转换。句意：通过旅行，你可以欣赏到美丽的景色，开阔视野。and连接两个并列谓语。故填 broaden。
2．答案：crowded
解析：考查词性转换。句意：夏天，你最好在重庆坐游轮去三峡，因为江油的船通常特别拥挤。此处应用形容词作表语。故填crowded。
3．答案：stands
解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且为全部倒装句，主语为the famous Zhang Fei Temple，表示单数。故填stands。
4．答案：surrounded
解析：考查非谓语动词。the famous Zhang Fei Temple与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填surrounded。
解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语smoking 与谓语forbid 之间为被动关系，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填is forbidden。
5．答案：is forbidden
6．答案：where
解析：考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，the deck为先行词，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
解析：考查介词。句意：你可以看到远处的渔民。in the distance “在远处”为固定短语。故填 in。
7．答案：in
8．答案：what
解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：然而，给你印象最深的可能是巫山县的大宁河。设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，意为“……的事物”，应用what。故填what。
9．答案：mountainous
解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用形容词修饰名词land。故填mountainous。
10．答案：plains
解析：考查名词。长江两岸不止一个平原，所以应用名词复数。故填plains。
Ⅲ　读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I have always been a big girl. I am comfortable with my body but there is a price to pay for being different.
In primary school, I was an enthusiastic gymnast and was actually the team captain in my final year. I was not brilliant and had to make up for my inadequacies by hours and hours of extra practice. Long after the other girls had left, I would still be in the school hall going over every routine. It took months to master the moves and in the early days,
I always managed to get my ribbon in a terrible knot. However, I persevered and I improved so much so that in 2002 I was in the Zimbabwe National Gymnastics Championships Final. Whenever I went up in a competition, I always got the sense that the crowd did not expect much from the overweight child before them. The crowd never expected the little hippo bursting out of her leotard (紧身连衣裤) to have the talent, grace or control required to be a rhythmic gymnast. This crowd was no different. They commented loudly about my weight. One man ever even said, “That is the ugliest leotard I have ever seen and the elephant inside it isn't much better！”
I was mortified (难堪的). As I tried to blink away the tears, I wanted to tell the man the reason I was wearing a leotard that resembled elephant hide (毛皮) was that I could not find any other in my size. Pretty does not come in extra large. Instead, I let my ribbon do the talking. I had worked particularly hard on my ribbon work and it showed. On the first beat I knew it was going to be great. The notes seemed to twirl along with the ribbon.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
I was gliding to the music, each crescendo (音乐渐强) echoing the excitement in my heart as I executed the moves.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
I was crowned National Champion that year, but that was not the best thing I got from hours of exhausting practice.﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍
写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者从小热爱体操运动，体型较大的她总是勤加练习以弥补自身的不足。在一次比赛前，作者受到观众的嘲笑，这让作者很难堪，但她并没有反驳，而是决定用实力说话。看到作者的表现后，观众有何反应呢？获得冠军的作者又有何感悟呢？
[精彩范文]
I was gliding to the music, each crescendo (音乐渐强) echoing the excitement in my heart as I executed the moves. Soon the sniggers of the crowd turned to cheers. As I went into that last split leap and cascaded the ribbon in a waterfall entering my final pose, the crowd went quiet. My ribbon ceased to flutter and all was still. Then the crowd erupted. I turned to face them and found each one on their feet, applauding. It was incredible.
I was crowned National Champion that year, but that was not the best thing I got from hours of exhausting practice. The best thing was the knowledge that my body does not define who I am and should never limit what I can do. Society seems to assume that all overweight people are unhappy with their weight and have low self esteem, so they never amount to much. I do not believe that. I know that I can achieve anything I put my mind to because I am bigger than my body.

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