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中考英语专题复习讲义——非谓语动词（一）
考点1：不定式的基本形式与特征 (to do)
●用法精讲：
形式：to + 动词原形 (如：to study, to go)。
特征：表示动作尚未发生，常带有“目的性”或“将来性”。
句法功能：可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
●速记口诀：to do表目的将来。
●典型例题：
___ a foreign language well requires practice. (To learn)
He promised ___ me with my homework. (to help)
●举一反三：
___ is human, to forgive divine. (To err)
She decided ___ abroad next year. (to study)
It's important ___ healthy. (to stay)
考点2：动名词的基本形式与特征 (doing)
●用法精讲：
形式：动词原形 + ing (如：studying, going)。
特征：表示动作的抽象概念、习惯性或进行性，具有名词性质。
句法功能：主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
●速记口诀：doing名性质，表习惯或进行。
●典型例题：
___ is good for your health. (Swimming)
I enjoy ___ novels in my free time. (reading)
●举一反三：
___ too much is harmful. (Smoking)
His hobby is ___ stamps. (collecting)
The ___ room is on the third floor. (meeting)
考点3：现在分词的基本形式与特征 (doing)
●用法精讲：
形式：动词原形 + ing (形式与动名词相同)。
特征：表示主动或进行，具有形容词或副词性质。
句法功能：主要作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等。
●速记口诀：doing作定状补，表主动或进行。
●典型例题：
The boy ___ under the tree is my brother. (sitting)
___ the news, she jumped with joy. (Hearing)
●举一反三：
Look at the ___ stars in the sky. (twinkling)
He came in, ___ a song. (singing)
The story is ___. (moving)
考点4：过去分词的基本形式与特征 (done)
●用法精讲：
形式：规则动词：动词原形 + ed (如：worked, played)；不规则动词：需单独记忆 (如：gone, written)。
特征：表示被动或完成，具有形容词或副词性质。
句法功能：主要作定语、状语、宾语补足语、表语等。
●速记口诀：done表被动完成。
●典型例题：
The window ___ yesterday has been fixed. (broken)
___ by the teacher, the student felt ashamed. (Criticized)
●举一反三：
The ___ book is very popular. (published)
He stood there, ___ by the scene. (amazed)
I got my hair ___ yesterday. (cut)
考点5：不定式作主语
●用法精讲：
不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
常用形式主语it代替，将不定式后置：It + be + adj./n. + (for sb) + to do sth。
●速记口诀：不定式主语动单数，常用it替后置。
●典型例题：
___ mistakes is human. (To make)
It is important ___ hard. (to work)
●举一反三：
___ takes time. (To learn English)
It is dangerous ___ here. (to swim)
___ is not allowed here. (To smoke)
考点6：动名词作主语
●用法精讲：
动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
常用于表示习惯性或抽象的行为。
●速记口诀：动名词主语动单数，表习惯抽象行。
●典型例题：
___ is her favorite sport. (Running)
___ before driving is important. (Checking the tires)
●举一反三：
___ too much sugar is bad for teeth. (Eating)
___ helps reduce stress. (Reading)
___ a lie is wrong. (Telling)
考点7：不定式作宾语
●用法精讲：
常接不定式作宾语的动词：want, hope, decide, agree, plan, refuse, promise, learn, manage, offer, afford等。
●速记口诀：想望决同计拒诺，学管提负接to do。
●典型例题：
He hopes ___ a doctor in the future. (to become)
They refused ___ the invitation. (to accept)
●举一反三：
She plans ___ abroad. (to travel)
We agreed ___ early. (to leave)
He managed ___ the problem. (to solve)
考点8：动名词作宾语
●用法精讲：
常接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, practice, mind, avoid, miss, suggest, consider, risk, admit, deny等。
介词后的宾语常用动名词形式。
●速记口诀：喜欢完成练习介意，避免错过建议考虑冒险承认否认接doing；介词之后用doing。
●典型例题：
Do you mind ___ the window (opening)
She is interested in ___ foreign languages. (learning)
●举一反三：
He finished ___ his homework. (doing)
We avoid ___ in crowded places. (going)
Thank you for ___ me. (helping)
考点9：不定式作宾语补足语
●用法精讲：
常接不定式作宾语补足语的动词：ask, tell, want, allow, encourage, invite, warn, advise, force, persuade, cause等（使役动词和感官动词除外）。
●速记口诀：请告想要允鼓邀，警劝迫使说因接to do作宾补。
●典型例题：
The teacher asked us ___ the text. (to read)
My parents want me ___ hard. (to study)
●举一反三：
I advised him ___ a doctor. (to see)
They warned us not ___ there. (to go)
She encouraged me ___ my dream. (to pursue)
考点10：分词作宾语补足语
●用法精讲：
感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find等）后接现在分词（doing）作宾补，表示动作正在进行。
感官动词后接不带to的不定式（do）作宾补，表示动作全过程或已完成。
使役动词（have, make, let）后接不带to的不定式（do）作宾补。
使役动词get和感官动词后也可接过去分词（done）作宾补，表示被动。
●速记口诀：感官使役后宾补，doing表进行，do表全过程，done表被动。
●典型例题：
I saw him ___ into the room. (go/going)
I heard my name ___. (called)
The boss made the workers ___ overtime. (work)
●举一反三：
We watched the sun ___. (rise/rising)
She had her hair ___. (cut)
He felt his heart ___ fast. (beat/beating)
考点11：不定式作定语
●用法精讲：
不定式作定语通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
常修饰抽象名词：ability, chance, decision, opportunity, plan, promise, way, time等。
与被修饰词常有动宾关系或主谓关系。
●速记口诀：不定式后置作定语，修饰抽象名，常表未发生。
●典型例题：
I have a lot of homework ___. (to do)
He is the best man ___ the job. (to do)
●举一反三：
She has no place ___. (to go)
This is the only way ___ the problem. (to solve)
There's no time ___. (to lose)
考点12：分词作定语
●用法精讲：
单个分词作定语通常前置（如：a broken window）。
分词短语作定语通常后置（如：the man standing there）。
现在分词（doing）表示主动或进行；过去分词（done）表示被动或完成。
●速记口诀：分词定语位前后，doing主动进行，done被动完成。
●典型例题：
The ___ child needs help. (crying)
The book ___ by Lu Xun is famous. (written)
●举一反三：
Look at the ___ leaves. (fallen)
Do you know the girl ___ in red (dressed)
The problem ___ yesterday was difficult. (discussed)
考点13：不定式作状语
●用法精讲：
不定式作状语常表示目的、结果、原因等。
目的状语：常可用in order to或so as to（更正式）引导。
结果状语：常接在only, never后，或与too...to, enough to等结构连用。
●速记口诀：to do作状表目的结果因，in order to/so as to表目的更清晰。
●典型例题：
He came here ___ me. (to help)
She is too young ___ this job. (to do) ●举一反三：
I'm glad ___ you. (to see)
We ran fast only ___ the bus. (to miss)
He worked hard ___ the exam. (in order to pass)
考点14：分词作状语
●用法精讲：
分词（短语）作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果等。
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。
可带连词如when, while, if, though等。
●速记口诀：分词作状逻辑主语要一致，表时间原因条件方式伴随结果。
●典型例题：
___ the door, he found nobody inside. (Opening)
___ ill, he didn't go to school. (Being)
●举一反三：
___ in the countryside, she knew a lot about plants. (Brought up)
The teacher entered the classroom, ___ a book in her hand. (holding)
___ carefully, you can avoid mistakes. (Working)
考点15：独立主格结构
●用法精讲：
构成：名词/代词（主格）+ 分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。
特点：逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，在句中作状语（时间、原因、条件、伴随等）。
常用逗号与主句隔开。
●速记口诀：独立主格逻辑主语独立，名代加分形副介，主句状语表伴随等。
●典型例题：
___ , we started our journey. (Weather permitting)
He stood there, ___ . (hands in pockets)
●举一反三：
___ , he couldn't attend the meeting. (His mother being ill)
The meeting ___ , we went home. (over)
___ , the project was a success. (All things considered)
非谓语动词闯关训练
说明：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案填空。
1.It's nice ___ you again. A. see B. to see C. seeing D. seen
2.She spends hours ___ novels every day. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads
3.The girl ___ under the tree is my classmate. A. sits B. sitting C. sat D. to sit
4.The bridge ___ last year is very strong. A. build B. built C. building D. to build
5.___ healthy food is important. A. Eat B. To eat C. Eating D. Eaten
6.I want ___ a new computer. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought
7.Do you mind ___ me your pen A. lend B. lending C. to lend D. lent
8.The teacher told us ___ quiet. A. be B. being C. to be D. been
9.I saw him ___ football on the playground. A. play B. played C. playing D. to play
10.I have a letter ___. A. write B. writing C. to write D. written
11.The news made her ___. A. cry B. to cry C. crying D. cried
12.He stood up, ___ goodbye to everyone. A. said B. saying C. to say D. says
13.___ early, he caught the first bus. A. Get up B. Getting up C. Got up D. To get up
14.___ , the children went out to play.
A. Homework finished B. Homework finishing
C. Finished homework D. Finishing homework
15.The problem seems ___. A. solve B. solving C. solved D. to solve
【答案】
1.B(to see) → 不定式作主语（由形式主语it引导）。
2.C(reading) → 动名词作spend的宾语。
3.B(sitting) → 现在分词作定语，修饰girl，表主动、进行。
4.B(built) → 过去分词作定语，修饰bridge，表被动、完成。
5.C(Eating) → 动名词作主语，表示抽象行为。
6.C(to buy) → 不定式作want的宾语。
7.B(lending) → 动名词作mind的宾语。
8.C(to be) → 不定式作宾补（tell sb to do sth）。
9.C(playing) → 现在分词作宾补（see sb doing sth 表进行）。
10.C(to write) → 不定式作定语，修饰letter，表示未做。
11.A(cry) → 使役动词make后接不带to的不定式作宾补（make sb do sth）。
12.B(saying) → 现在分词作伴随状语，逻辑主语是he。
13.B(Getting up) → 现在分词作时间状语，逻辑主语是he。
14.A(Homework finished) → 独立主格结构作时间状语（名词+过去分词）。
15.C(solved) → 过去分词作表语，表状态。

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