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中考英语专题复习讲义——非谓语动词（二）
考点1：不定式的否定形式
●用法精讲：
结构：not to do（如 not to go）
位置：否定词紧贴不定式符号 to
●速记口诀：否定不定式，not 贴 to 前。
●典型例题：
He promised ___ late again. (not to be)
It's important ___ too much sugar. (not to eat)
●举一反三：
She decided ___ the party. (not to attend)
They warned us ___ the water. (not to drink)
___ is difficult. (Not to give up)
考点2：动名词的复合结构
●用法精讲：
结构：所有格/宾格 + doing（如 his leaving, me coming）
功能：强调动作执行者，避免歧义
●速记口诀：动名词复合，主用所有格或宾格。
●典型例题：
Do you mind ___ here (my sitting)
___ surprised everyone. (His winning)
●举一反三：
I appreciate ___ early. (your helping)
___ caused trouble. (Children playing loudly)
She dislikes ___ her. (him following)
考点3：分词独立主格的时间状语
●用法精讲：
结构：名词/代词 + 分词（如 The meeting over, ...）
功能：作时间状语，独立于主句主语
●速记口诀：独立主格表时间，名代分词逻辑清。
●典型例题：
___ , we went home. (The work finished)
___ , he began to speak. (Everyone seated)
●举一反三：
___ , the birds flew away. (The sun rising)
___ , she felt relieved. (The exam passed)
___ , we started the engine. (All passengers on board)
考点4：不定式的完成式
●用法精讲：
形式：to have done
含义：表示动作发生在谓语动词之前
●速记口诀：不定式完成表先动。
●典型例题：
He pretended ___ the answer. (to have known)
She seemed ___ the news. (to have heard)
●举一反三：
I regret ___ you earlier. (not to have informed)
They claimed ___ the treasure. (to have found)
___ is his greatest achievement. (To have climbed Everest)
考点5：动名词的被动式
●用法精讲：
形式：being done（如 being criticized）
含义：表示被动动作
●速记口诀：动名词被动，being done 记牢。
●典型例题：
He hates ___ in public. (being laughed at)
___ is unavoidable. (Being misunderstood)
●举一反三：
She fears ___ alone at night. (being left)
___ is a new experience. (Being interviewed)
They avoided ___ by the guard. (being seen)
考点6：现在分词的完成式
●用法精讲：
形式：having done
含义：强调动作先于主句动作完成
●速记口诀：现在分词完成式，having done 表先动。
●典型例题：
___ his work, he took a break. (Having finished)
___ the letter, she mailed it. (Having written)
●举一反三：
___ all options, she made a choice. (Having considered)
___ dinner, they watched TV. (Having eaten)
___ the error, he corrected it. (Having noticed)
考点7：过去分词的独立主格
●用法精讲：
结构：名词/代词 + done（如 His leg broken, ...）
功能：表状态或被动动作，作状语
●速记口诀：过去分词独立主格，名代 done 表被动状态。
●典型例题：
___ , he couldn't play football. (His arm injured)
___ , the project moved forward. (Funding secured)
●举一反三：
___ , she called a doctor. (Her phone lost)
___ , the team celebrated. (The game won)
___ , we postponed the trip. (Weather ruined)
考点8：疑问词 + 不定式
●用法精讲：
结构：疑问词 + to do（如 how to do, where to go）
功能：相当于名词短语，作主语/宾语等
●速记口诀：疑问词加 todo，作主语宾语好。
●典型例题：
I don't know ___ next. (what to do)
___ is the key. (How to start)
●举一反三：
She taught me ___ the machine. (how to operate)
___ remains unknown. (Who to blame)
___ is confusing. (When to leave)
考点9：固定句型：It's no use/point doing
●用法精讲：
句型：It's no use/point + doing（如 It's no use crying）
含义：“做某事没用”
●速记口诀：It's no use/point 后接 doing。
●典型例题：
___ complaining now. (It's no use)
___ arguing with him. (It's no point)
●举一反三：
___ about the past. (It's no use worrying)
___ the same mistake. (It's no point repeating)
___ to change his mind. (It's no use trying)
考点10：stop to do vs. stop doing
●用法精讲：
stop to do：停下来去做另一件事
stop doing：停止正在做的事
●速记口诀：stop to do 停而转做，stop doing 停正进行。
●典型例题：
He stopped ___ a rest. (to have)
Stop ___ in class! (talking)
●举一反三：
She stopped ___ the scenery. (to admire)
The rain stopped ___. (pouring)
We stopped ___ lunch. (to eat)
考点11：forget/remember to do vs. doing
●用法精讲：
to do：忘记/记住要做的事（未发生）
doing：忘记/记住做过的事（已发生）
●速记口诀：to do 记未做，doing 记做过。
●典型例题：
Don't forget ___ the door. (to lock)
I remember ___ him before. (meeting)
●举一反三：
She forgot ___ the light. (to turn off)
He remembers ___ the Great Wall. (visiting)
Remember ___ your ID. (to bring)
考点12：感官动词 + do/doing 辨析
●用法精讲：
see/hear/watch + do：强调动作全过程
see/hear/watch + doing：强调动作片段或进行
●速记口诀：感官动词后，do 表全过程，doing 表进行片段。
●典型例题：
I saw him ___ the cake. (eat/eating)
We heard the bell ___. (ring/ringing)
●举一反三：
She watched the bird ___. (fly/flying)
I felt the floor ___. (shake/shaking)
They noticed the door ___. (open/opening)
考点13：have sth. done 结构
●用法精讲：
结构：have + 宾语 + done
含义：使某事被做（请别人做）
●速记口诀：have sth. done 表被动，请人完成某事。
●典型例题：
I'll have my hair ___ tomorrow. (cut)
He had his car ___ last week. (repaired)
●举一反三：
She had her room ___. (cleaned)
We had the report ___. (typed)
___ your teeth checked regularly. (Have)
考点14：be busy doing 结构
●用法精讲：
固定搭配：be busy + doing
含义：忙于做某事
●速记口诀：be busy 后接 doing，表忙碌状态。
●典型例题：
She is busy ___ for the exam. (preparing)
The workers are busy ___ the road. (repairing)
●举一反三：
I'm busy ___ a new project. (designing)
They were busy ___ guests. (welcoming)
___ the dishes (Are you busy doing)
考点15：there be + 非谓语动词
●用法精讲：
结构：There be + sth. + to do/doing/done
to do：表将来或目的
doing：表主动进行
done：表被动完成
●速记口诀：there be 后接非谓语，to do 表目的将来，doing 表进行，done 表被动。
●典型例题：
There is a lot of work ___. (to do)
There is a dog ___ in the yard. (barking)
There are no seats ___ here. (reserved)
●举一反三：
There was no time ___. (to lose)
There are birds ___ in the tree. (singing)
There will be problems ___ . (to solve)
非谓语动词闯关训练
说明：从 A、B、C、D 中选择最佳答案。
1.He decided ___ the offer.
A. not to accept B. not accepting C. doesn't accept D. not accept
2.Do you mind ___ late
A. me arriving B. my arriving C. I arriving D. me to arrive
3.___, we began the discussion.
A. The presentation prepared B. The presentation preparing
C. Preparing the presentation D. To prepare the presentation
4.She seemed ___ about the incident.
A. to have known B. knowing C. to know D. known
5.He avoids ___ in meetings.
A. being criticized B. criticizing C. to criticize D. criticize
6.___ the problem, they found a solution.
A. Having analyzed B. Analyzed C. Analyzing D. To analyze
7.___, the car couldn't start.
A. The battery dead B. The battery died C. The battery dying D. Dead the battery
8.I wonder ___ next.
A. what to do B. what doing C. how doing D. why to do
9.It's no use ___ over spilled milk.
A. cry B. to cry C. cried D. crying
10.They stopped ___ photos of the sunset.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
11.Remember ___ the windows before leaving.
A. closing B. to close C. closed D. close
12.I heard her ___ a song in the room.
A. sing B. sang C. singing D. to sing
13.You should have your eyes ___ regularly.
A. test B. testing C. tested D. to test
14.She is busy ___ a report.
A. write B. writing C. written D. to write
15.There is a letter ___ on your desk.
A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait
【答案】
1.A(not to accept) → 不定式否定形式。
2.B(my arriving) → 动名词复合结构用所有格。
3.A(The presentation prepared) → 过去分词独立主格表完成状态。
4.A(to have known) → 不定式完成式表先于谓语动作。
5.A(being criticized) → 动名词被动式。
6.A(Having analyzed) → 现在分词完成式表先动。
7.A(The battery dead) → 过去分词独立主格表状态。
8.A(what to do) → 疑问词 + 不定式作宾语。
9.D(crying) → It's no use 后接动名词。
10.C(to take) → stop to do 表停下做另一件事。
11.B(to close) → remember to do 表记住要做的事。
12.C(singing) → 感官动词 + doing 表动作片段。
13.C(tested) → have sth. done 表被动。
14.B(writing) → be busy doing 固定搭配。
15.B(waiting) → there be + doing 表主动进行。

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