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SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER
人教（2019）必修三 UNIT 4
UNIT 4
SPACE EXPLORATION
Infinitives
不定式的定义：
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由“to+动词
原形”构成，没有人称和数的变化，在句中不
能独立作谓语。
但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在
句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、
定语、状语等。
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主动语态
被动语态
意义
一般式
to do
to be done
表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后
进行式
to be doing
表示谓语动作发生时, 不定式的动作正在进行
完成式
to have done
to have been done
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前
完成进行式
to have been doing
表示动作发生在谓语动作之前且一直持续到谓语动作发生时仍在进行
基本结构: “ to + 动词原形”, to是不定式标志, 无意义, 有时不定式符号to可省略。
否定形式: not to + 动词原形
动词不定式的结构
不定式的结构：
To see is to believe．
宾补
宾语
主语
表语
The boy was seen to fall off the tree.
I want to know this matter.
定语
状语
2. I rushed back and sought through the library but only to find nothing.
On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world
to go into space.
Some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream
to explore space.
1. I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
3. I’m delighted to know that you are keen to pay a visit to China.
Self-study
阅读《英语语法——动词不定式（非谓语）》材料，红笔勾画重要考点
Don’t forget your confusions!
要求：
1.手不离笔,及时记录疑惑；
2.勾画学习目标、重难点，明确任务
3.坐姿端正
讲
The Infinitive as the Attributive
(动词不定式用作定语)
1. The question__________________(discuss) tomorrow is very important.
The question _______________(discuss)yesterday was important.
The question ___________________(discuss) now is very important.
2.China has become the first country ___________(land) a vehicle on the far side of the moon.
Lin Qiaozhi was the first Chinese woman_______________(elect)as the director in PUMC.
He is the last person in the earth______________(lie).
3. It is nothing____________(do) with you.
4. He has a desire_________(get) a deeper insight into traditional Chinese culture.
Please cherish the chance___________(give) by our school.
定语
discussed
being discussed
to be elected
to land
to get
to lie
to be discussed
to do
given
常用to do做后置定语的抽象名词：plan；promise； wish；urge(冲动)； desire dream； ability； chance； attempt（企图）anxiety； decision； offer(主动提供帮助)； right； power； need；opportunity
用在there be … to do句型和have … to do句型中，表“有…...要去做”
There is no one _________(water) the flowers.
I have no work __________(do).
注意：1)主动形式表被动含义
He has something __________(give) me.
One of the most famous figures __________(respect) is Lu Xun.
2)不定式动词为不及物动词，和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词
I have nothing to worry _________.
to water
to do
to give
to respect
about
定语
单句语法填空
①In many homes in the UK, the first person _______ (wake) up has to make tea for the family．
②The airport ______________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area．
③The best way __________ (improve) your English is to join an English club．
④Carol was happy that she had the chance _____________ (experience) the life in the city．
⑤These courses offer us opportunities__________ (improve) our abilities to appreciate art．
to wake
to be completed
to improve
to experience
to improve
The Infinitive as the adverbial
(动词不定式用作状语)
5. _______________(catch) the early flight, we set aside sufficient time to make full preparations.
6.In order_______(win), he trained hard. = He trained hard so as ________(win).
7.It mixes singing and acting methods_________(tell) stories and describe characters.
目的状语
to win
to tell
To catch
to win
in order to do引出的不定式可置于句首或句末
so as to do 引出的不定式只能置于句末不能置于句首
8. I hurried to school only___________(find) no one was there.
I hurried to school only________________(inform) no class today.
9. 【道歉信】Could you be so kind as_____________(accept) my apology?
Could you be such a kind person as to accept my apology?
The stadium is big enough______________(contain) 2,000 people.
They are too satisfied___________(do) this work.
Jane was too scared __________(move)an inch.
10.【祝贺信】I’m very happy__________(know) that you have won first place.
结果状语
to accept
to do
to find
to know
to be informed
不定式做原因状语主要用在形容词或过去分词后面，表示产生这种情绪的原因。有这样用法的形容词有willing, unwilling, eager, anxious, proud, happy, lucky, fortunate, angry, content(满足的), sorry, ready, glad, clever, quick, slow, foolish, conisiderate(体贴的),ashamed(羞愧的), surprised, frightened, shocked, delighted, disappointed等。
to contain
to move
原因状语
To tell you the truth, I think your hairstyle is ugly.
To be honest, I don’t quite like the dish.
其他的短语还有：
to begin with首先, to be frank坦白说, to cut a long story short长话短说
不定式做状语修饰整个句子
单句语法填空
①________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course．
②We travel on Day 2 to northern France _______ (visit) the World War Ⅰ battlefields．
③When the cats and I frightened each other, I was just glad ______ (find) them alive．
④Would you be so kind as________ (spare) some time to come and join us?
To learn
to visit
to find
to spare
其他
其他
1.主语+ be +形容词(表性质) + to do = it作形式主语——it is +形容词(表性质) +(for sb.) to do→主动形式表被动含义
The air in the morning is pleasant_______________(breathe).
He is difficult _______________(approach).
2.动词 + to do
11. Jack plans ______________(apply) for a job.
3. it takes/took sb.+时间+to do sth.
12. It took Yang a long time ______________(become) an astronaut.
to breathe
to approach
to apply
to become
常用在to do前的性质类形容词: hard; difficult; easy; likely(可能的); unlikely(不可能的); possible; necessary; essential(基本的，必要的); important(重要的); crucial(关键的，至关重要的); vital(至关重要的)等。
只能跟to do的动词: attempt(企图); seek(试图，寻求); intend(打算); mean(打算); aim(旨在); would like; expect(预计，期待); wish; long(渴望); plan; apply(申请); manage(设法做，成功); demand(要求); claim(要求); promise(承诺); determine(决心); begin; prepare; learn; seem(似乎); pretend(假装); forget; refuse(拒绝); fail; offer(主动提出); prefer(宁愿); afford(支付得起); deserve(值得)等。
1.别无选择除了做某事 can do nothing but do sth
I can do nothing but ask you if we could fix another time.
2.感官动词(词组)see, look at, hear, listen to, notice, watch 等和使役动词 make, let, have等后面作宾补的不定式要省略 to,但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。
They made the boy go to bed early.
The boy was made to go to bed early.
3.前有do后无 to
The least I could do was say what happened.
省略to的情况
1)看到礼物，我激动地一句话也说不出来。
Seeing the present, I was too excited to say a word.
2)Jane匆忙转身，却发现自己迷路了。
Jane turned around hurriedly, only to find herself lost.
3)为了丰富学生们的校园生活，学生会将于下周六举办话剧比赛。(drama competition)
In order to enrich the students’ campus life, the Students Union is going to hold a drama competition next Saturday.
4)西安有各种各样的旅游景点可供选择。
There are various/varied tourist attractions in Xi’an to choose from.
课本
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal________________(achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example,______________(use) current technology, it would take over two years______________(get) to the closest planet, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing__________(know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system. Will scientists figure out a way___________(store) sufficient food and water for the long journey? Is it possible to travel faster than light? No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. They are experimenting with growing crops in space so as_________(help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
using
to be known
to get
to help
to store
to achieve
with…to do
有……要去做
(主动形式表被动含义)

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