资源简介

(共30张PPT)
Getting along with others
Grammar and usage
Contents
1.Teaching objectives, focus and difficulties
2.Exploring the rules
3.Applying the rules
4.Summary
5.Homework
Teaching objectives
1.Understand the meaning of restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns.
2.Summarize the grammatical rules of the restrictive clauses with relative pronouns.
3.Use restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns to describe their friends appropriately.
1.Teaching objectives, focus and difficulties
Teaching focus
Teaching difficulties
1.Learn how to use the restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns in communication.
1.How to use whose and the way that.
1.Teaching objectives, focus and difficulties
2.Write a passage using the restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns.
2.How to write a passage using the restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns.
2.Exploring the rules
Read through the article of part A on page 34 and answer the following question.
What are the pros and cons of making friends online
Pros: People may be able to make many friends online.
Cons: Friendships online can be very shallow.
Texting and messaging cannot replace face-to-face chatting.
Sharing experiences on social media is not enough to
express one's values.
"Liking" friends' photos online doesn't develop the
connection with them.
2.Exploring the rules
A real friend is someone who walks in…
A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
A real friend is someone who sees our true self…
… not just the face that we show to the world.
… the modern tools that keep us connected …
… the friends whom we love.
… the values which matter most to us.
… the connection which we share.
2.Exploring the rules
(1) The trees are in front of the library.
They have lost their leaves.
Combine the following sentences using relative clauses.
The trees which are in front of the library have lost their leaves.
“Which” functions as the subject in the relative clause.
2.Exploring the rules
(2) We saw the worker just now.
He is the best engineer in our factory.
The worker (whom) we saw just now is the best engineer in our factory.
“Whom” functions as the object in the relative clause.
We can leave out “who” “whom” “which” and “that” when they are the objects in the relative clause.
2.Exploring the rules
(3) It used to be a farm.
It is no longer a farm.
It is no longer the farm that it used to be.
“That” functions as the predicative in the relative clause.
2.Exploring the rules
(4) He has a sister.
I can’t remember her name.
He has a sister whose name I can’t remember.
“Whose” functions as the attributive in the relative clause.
2.Exploring the rules
which
who
that
whose
2.Exploring the rules
定语从句的概述
1.定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句，叫作定语从句。它所修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。
2.构成：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
3.分类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句
4.关系词
关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as
关系副词：when，where，why
2.Exploring the rules
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分
that 人、物 主语、宾语、表语
which 物 主语、宾语
who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
whose 人、物 定语
as 人、物 主语、宾语、表语
2.Exploring the rules
关系代词的用法
1.that 既可指人也可指物，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.
每年来游览这座城市的人数达到100万。（指人，作主语）
This is the suitcase (that) she is looking for.
这就是她在找的那个手提箱。（指物，作宾语）
2.Exploring the rules
关系代词的用法
2.which 指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。They ignored the details which might account for the accident.
他们忽略了那些或许可以说明事故发生原因的细节。（作主语）
3.who指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
We are concerned about the people who have suffered a lot in the earthquake.
我们为在地震中遭受重创的人们担心。（作主语）
2.Exploring the rules
关系代词的用法
4.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略，也可用who代替。
Rose is the person (who/whom) you should care about.
罗丝是你应该关心的人。（作宾语）
5.whose既可指人也可指物，表“所属”关系，在定语从句中作定语。
I know the person whose house was totally destroyed in the earthquake.
我认识那个人，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。
2.Exploring the rules
宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词指物且被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。The first thing that you should do is call the police right away.
你应该做的第一件事就是马上报警。
2.当先行词是all，any，little，few，much，everything，anything，nothing，none 等不定代词或被这些词修饰时。
All that can be done has been done.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2.Exploring the rules
宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况
3.当先行词指物且被 the only，the very，the last，the same等修饰时。
The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help.
她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。
【注意】
以上三种情况有一个共同特点，即先行词或先行词之前的修饰语有“唯一”或“全部”的概念以致无法做出选择。因为关系代词which也是疑问代词，含有选择意味表示“哪一个”，所以用that引导万无一失。
2.Exploring the rules
宜用that不宜用which引导定语从句的情况
4.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。
Sometimes we should ignore the persons and things that upset us.
有时，我们应该不理会让我们不快的人和事。
5.当主句是以who或者which开头的特殊疑问句时。
Which of the books that you bought is the most useful for my writing
你买的书中哪一本对我的写作最有用？
2.Exploring the rules
宜用which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况
1.引导非限制性定语从句时。
Football, which is an interesting game, is very popular all over the world.
足球是一项有趣的运动，在全世界非常受欢迎。
2.当关系代词前有介词时。
This is the house in which Mo Yan once lived.
这就是莫言曾经住过的房子。
2.Exploring the rules
宜用which不宜用that引导定语从句的情况
3.当先行词本身就是that时。
That which you told him is what we want to know.
你告诉他的事情就是我们想知道的。
4.在限制性定语从句中，如果有两个定语从句，其中一句的关系代词是that，那么另一句的关系代词宜用which。
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.
让我给你看看我从新开的图书馆借来的小说。
2.Exploring the rules
宜用who不宜用that引导定语从句的情况
1.当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one，ones，anyone，no one，nobody，anybody等。
Is there anyone in your class who is good at singing
你们班有人擅长唱歌吗
2.在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young lady who is in a state of shock.
有位年轻女士休克了。
2.Exploring the rules
宜用who不宜用that引导定语从句的情况
3.当先行词是people，those时。
People who want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.
想要出国旅行的人应该先申请护照。
4.一个句子中带有两个定语从句且先行词都为人时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who。
The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.
昨晚你遇到的那个男孩就是那个学习非常努力的组长。
2.Exploring the rules
Practice
1. During the rosy years of elementary school, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, ________ keep my high social status.
2. It is the tallest building __________ Daming has seen ever since he came here.
3. She said she would do anything ____________ could help her mother recover from the disease.
4. __________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.
which
that
that
As
2.Exploring the rules
Practice
5. This activity was warmly welcomed by students, all of ___________ considered it helped to arouse their learning interest.
6. The moment when you are feeling sad, read what you wrote previously, __________ will help uplift your spirits.
7. The band was very popular ten years ago, most of __________ members were in their twenties.
8. I would like to buy the same book _________ she is reading.
whom
which
whose
as
Finish B1
1. Common interests provide rich ground. Many friendships grow from rich ground.
2. When friends' communication is warm and open, friendships grow best.
Common interests provide rich ground from which many friendships grow.
Friendships grow best between friends whose communication is warm and open.
3.Applying the rules
3. Friendships are like flowers. These flowers need to be taken good care of.
4. A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit. You can count on a true friend.
5. You have been helped by others. To make friends, you should help others in the same way.
Friendships are like flowers (that/which) need to be taken good care of.
A relationship, with a true friend (who/whom/that) you can count on will surely produce fruit.
To make friends, you should help others the way (that/in which) you have been helped by others.
3.Applying the rules
Finish B2
which/that
whose
who/that
which/that
which
whom/that
who/that
3.Applying the rules
Adjective clauses can be guided by relative pronouns, which usually serve as the subject or object in the sentence.
4.Summary
Find an article about friendship from books and appreciate sentences using restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns.
5.Homework

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