资源简介

(共62张PPT)
Unit 2
A life’s work
Learning objectives
1.Understand the definition, structure, and function of predicative clauses.
2.Master all kinds of conjunctions and their usage in predicative clauses.
3.Analyze the logical relationship between the subject and the predicative clause.
4.Understand how predicative clauses enhance clarity in formal English writing (e.g., academic essays, speeches).
Key points & difficult points
1.What are the conjunctions of the predicative clauses.
2.How to choose the conjunctions correctly in practice.
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions.
1 What form does the predicative take in sentences (a) and (b)
2 Why is “what” used in sentence (a) and “where” used in sentence (b)
3 What other words do you know that can lead a predicative clause
The predicative in sentences (a) and (b) takes theform of a clause.
"What” is used in sentence (a) because it acts asthe subject of "makes” in the predicative clause."Where" is used in sentence (b) because it actsas the adverbial in the predicative clause.
Other words are who, when, how, why, etc.
Activity 1
Definition
表语：用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征、状态，位于连系动词后面的单词或短语。
She is a teacher.
表语从句：在复合句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。位于主句的连系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。表语从句必须用陈述语序。
The problem is that we lack time.
Linking verbs
五感: look、sound、taste、smell、feel
五变: become、get、turn、go、grow
三保持: keep、stay、remain
二表像: seem、appear
一是: be(am、is、are、was、were)
This is what makes them so special.
A simple restaurant was where he usually had the same meal of sausages, eggs and coffee.
主语（从句）
Subject (clause)
连系动词
Linking verb
表语（从句）
Predicative(clause)
Structure
Conjunctions
类别 例词
从属连词 that，whether，because，as if/as though等
连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which
连接副词 when, where, how, why
表语从句引导词的选择
从属连词： that, whether , as if/though, because
that 起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，不可省略。
The fact is that he had forgotten about it.
2. whether 起连接作用，译为“是否；究竟；到底”，在从句中不作成分，不可省略。（注：if不能引导表语从句）
The key is whether we should lend him the money.
3. because 常见于“This/That/It is/was because……”句型中，译为“这是因为……”。
He was late. That was because he fell ill.
表语从句中的虚拟语气
当句子的主语是表示愿望、命令、建议、要求等，表语从句要用虚拟语气（should）do[主动]/ （should）be done [被动]。
一坚持：insist
二命令：order, command
四建议：advise, suggest, propose, recommend
六要求：require, request, ask, demand, urge, desire
My suggestion is that we (should) get up early.
That’s because you can’t appreciate music.
那是因为你不会欣赏音乐。
That’s why he got angry with me.
那正是他对我生气的原因。
because、why 引导的表语从句
强调原因
强调结果
特别注意
例如：The reason why he came late was that he got up
late. 他来晚是因为起床晚了。
当主句的主语是 reason 时，表语从句一般用 that引导，不能用 why 或 because；主语是 reason 时，why 可以引导定语从句：The reason why ... is that ... （……的原因是……）。
why or because
那就是我不去赴宴的原因。
That is _______ I hate to go to the dinner party.
那是因为她做饭巨难吃。
That is _________ she is a terrible cook.
我不去赴宴的原因是因为她做饭巨难吃。
The reason _______ I hate to go ... is _________ she is a terrible cook.
why + 结果； because + 原因
why
because
why
because
表语从句引导词的选择
从属连词： that, whether , because, as if/though
4.as if/though引导表语从句常跟在look, sound, seem, feel等后面，译为“好像”。
若表示真实情况，用陈述语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.
若表示非真实情况，用虚拟语气。
与现在事实不符：动词过去式（be全部用were）
She looks as if she were eighteen.
与过去事实不符：had done
Tom appear as if he had known nothing about it.
与将来事实不符：would/could+动词原形
It seems as if he would do it.
seem 似乎 look 看起来 taste 尝起来
sound 听起来 feel 摸起来 appear 好像
as if / as though 引导的表语从句。此类表语从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气，常与以下系动词连用：
表语从句引导词的选择
连接代词： what, who, whom, whose, which
起连接作用，在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语等成分。
The problem is who can help us.
The question is what we should do first.
连接副词： where, when, why, how
起连接作用，在从句中充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语。
The forest is where the fire broke out.
That’s why Mary feel frustrated.
The question is how we can get in touch with him.
5W1H：what，when，where，who，why，how （whatever...）
再加1个：whether
The question is whether the film is worth seeing.
The problem is who can be put in charge of the job.
What I want to know is how we can solve the fuel problem.
Power is what they are after.
Times aren't what they were.
The book is where you left it.
You are not who I thought you were.
表语从句的语序与时态
问题是他何时能到达宾馆。
The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
表语从句一定要用陈述语序。例：
问题是谁明天和我一起去北京旅行。
The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
问题是昨天他为什么哭。
The question is why he cried yesterday.
不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。例：
表语从句的结构
主语 + 系动词 + 引导词 + 简单句
引导词
｛
从属连词：that, whether, because, as if/though
连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which
连接副词：when, where, how, why
注意点
if 不引导表语从句。
表语从句的虚拟语气。
语序: 主系表（从）。
that引导表语从句时不能省略。
表语从句
Summary
Practice
1. The reason for his absence is he hasn’t been informed.
2. The last time that we had fun was we were visiting the Water Park.
3. What puzzled me was he left home without telling anyone.
4. That was was bothering her on the way to school yesterday.
5. The question remains he will be able to help us.
that
when
why
what
whether
单句语法填空
1. The trouble is _____ I can't find my way.
that
2. Without his support， we wouldn't be ___________ we are now.
where/what
3. This is ______ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope
for the best.
what
4. By boat is the only way to get here, which is _____ we arrived.
how
5. He got caught in the heavy traffic. That was _____ he was late.
why
单句语法填空
6. Energy is ______ makes things work.
what
7. We didn't set out; it was ________ we wanted to wait until our mother
came back.
because
8. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely free
from dust.
that
9. It sounds____________ someone is knocking at the door.
as if/though
10. What cost him his life was _____ he was too careless.
that
1. I've got a cold; that's ____ I wouldn't like to go out.
2. Fame and personal gain is ______ they're after.
3. The reason why Tom failed in the exam was _____he didn't work hard.
4. What made the doctor upset was _______ he should tell the patient the truth or not.
5. What is just beyond my imagination is _____ fortune should bless me with a chance to realize my dream.
6. She insisted that she did a good job, and that was ____ she disagreed with her father.
语法填空
why
what
that
whether
that
where
Rewrite the underlined sentences using predicative clauses.
Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Peking and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894. At the age of eight, he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis. When he was 17, he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high. Every day Mei watched them as they flew, which helped him to develop the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art. His hard work and dedication made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.
The age of eight was when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.
Watching the pigeons as they flew every day was how he developed the expressive eye movements that were so crucial to his art.
His hard work and dedication were what made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.
3
Mei was also an innovator. In addition to new stage designs and singing styles, his innovations in make-up and costume design allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters. This contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years. This lifelong devotion has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.
His innovations in make-up and costume design, which allowed for more vivid depictions of female characters, were what contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.
This lifelong devotion was what has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time.
The spirit of craftsmanship
The spirit of craftsmanship
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Traditional crafts have long been disappearing from countries across the world. With many crafts having been, or about to be, lost forever, people have realised the importance of preserving those that remain. In fact, after a long period of decline, traditional crafts have recently undergone a renaissance. There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions, as well as a desire for high-quality products. Such objects are produced through a combination of skill, respect for materials, devotion to tradition, and focus on the task. Craftsmanship speaks to the human need for skilled and socially useful work; the sort of work that can be admired and valued by society.
8
Read the passage and answer the questions.
Traditional crafts have long been disappearing from countries across the world. With many crafts having been, or about to be, lost forever, people have realised the importance of preserving those that remain. In fact, after a long period of decline, traditional crafts have recently undergone a renaissance. There is greater public interest in old stories and traditions, as well as a desire for high-quality products. Such objects are produced through a combination of skill, respect for materials, devotion to tradition, and focus on the task. Craftsmanship speaks to the human need for skilled and socially useful work; the sort of work that can be admired and valued by society.
8
传统工艺早已从世界各国消失。由于许多工艺品已经或即将永远消失，人们意识到保护那些留下来的工艺品的重要性。事实上，经过长时间的衰落，传统工艺最近经历了复兴。公众对古老故事和传统的兴趣越来越大，对高质量产品的需求也越来越大。这些物品是通过技巧、对材料的尊重、对传统的忠诚和对任务的专注来生产的。“工艺”说明了人类对熟练的、对社会有用的工作的需求；这种工作可以被社会所赞赏和重视。
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
1 What were the 23 scientists honoured for
2 What challenges did they meet How did they overcome them
They were honoured for their extraordinary contributions to the “two bombs, one satellite” project.
They endured extreme conditions and being apart from their families for years.
To overcome these challenges, they focused on their responsibilities and dedicated much of their lives to their work.
Qian Xuesen
Deng Jiaxian
Yu Min
They contributed greatly to the “two bombs, one satellite” project and showed the spirit of craftsmanship.
Do you know other people who have the spirit of craftsmanship
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
In October 1964, China exploded its first atomic bomb, marking a successful start of the “two bombs, one satellite” project, in which more than 17,000 scientists and researchers participated. Of those, 23 were awarded for their extraordinary contributions.
Para.1
9
be awarded for 因……而获奖
One of the 23 scientists was Deng Jiaxian, who was among the founders of China’s nuclear programme. After coming back from the US, Deng devoted himself whole-heartedly to the development of the “two bombs”. Spending years apart from his family and enduring the extreme conditions of the Gobi desert, he refused to back down from his responsibilities and kept on conducting scientific research.
Para.2
keep on 继续
back down 退让；认输
Deng Jiaxian
After the successful development of the atomic bomb, he worked closely with Yu Min, another leading scientist at the cutting edge of nuclear technology. Together, they thought outside the box and broke new ground, leading to the breakthrough of the hydrogen bomb. This was a remarkable achievement by the Chinese team of scientists, in such a short space of time.
think outside the box 不拘一格地思考; 跳出框框思考
break new ground 开辟新的领域；有新发现
breakthrough n. 突破；重大进展
Para.2
Yu Min
think outside the box最早指的是下面这张图（9个点组成的正方形）。要求用一条线（不能中断）连接这9个点。
Can you work it out
think outside the box: Think creatively to find new ways of doing things or solving problems.
Did you find out the answer
只有思维突破了正方形的限制才能实现一笔连接9个点的目标，这就叫think outside the box。用来比喻创造性思维。
outside-the-box thinking
Another respected scientist among the 23 award-winners was Qian Xuesen, who was experienced in rocketry and highly accomplished in his field. He had been working in the United States, where his crack hand at jet propulsion had won him acclaim. However, he sought no fame and shunned the spotlight, returning to China with great resolution. He played a key role in China’s missile and aviation programmes, helping fast-track the development by decades.
shun the spotlight 避开聚光灯
Para.3
sought no fame 不求名声
crack adj. 第一流的；非常棒的
acclaim n. 表扬；赞赏
Qian Xuesen
The 23 scientists and many more like them overcame harsh conditions and dedicated much of their lives to their work. Their expertise in science, perseverance, integrity and innovation have inspired generations of scientific researchers to work towards a more powerful and prosperous China.
dedicate v. 致力于；献身于
Para.4
1. What were the 23 scientists honoured for
2. What challenges did they meet How did they overcome them
They were honoured for their extraordinary contributions to the “two bombs, one satellite” project.
They endured extreme conditions and being apart from their families for years. To overcome these challenges, they focused on their responsibilities and dedicated much of their lives to their work.
Read the passage and answer the questions. Pay attention to the words and expressions in bold.
9
Perseverance
Integrity
Innovation
Expertise
Put the expressions that show different qualities in the above activity into the boxes. Add any more you can think of.
refused to back down;
kept on;
with great resolution;
dedicated much of their lives to
sought no fame;
shunned the spotlight
thought outside the box;
broke new ground;
leading to the breakthrough of
was experienced in;
highly accomplished;
his crack hand at;
won him acclaim
10
Work in pairs. Talk about other people who show the spirit of craftsmanship using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary.
11
Now comment on each other’s performances in using the words and expressios in this section.
The spirit of craftsmanship, often referred to as "工匠精神" in Chinese, encompasses a set of values and attitudes that are deeply rooted in the pursuit of excellence, quality, and dedication in one's work.
It is a mindset that values the journey of creation and the pursuit of perfection in one's field.
As a student, we are supposed to apply such spirit into our study.
What’s your understanding of the spirit of craftsmanship
The spirit of craftsmanship
Read and fill in the blanks with suitable words.
Activity 8
Traditional crafts have long been disappearing 1 ________ countries across the world. With many crafts 2 ___________ (be), or about to be, lost forever, people have realized the importance of preserving
3 ______ that remain. In fact, after a long period of decline, recently traditional crafts 4 ______________ (undergo) a renaissance. There is 5 _______ (great) public interest in old stories and traditions, as well as a desire for high-quality products. Such objects are produced through a 6 ____________ (combine) of skill, respect for materials, devotion 7 _____ tradition, and focus on the task. 8 _____________ (craft) speaks to the human need for skilled and socially useful work; the sort of work that can be admired and valued by society.
having been
from
those
have undergone
greater
combination
to
Craftsmanship
= reflect/prove
Why are people starting to engage more with traditional crafts
1. trial
do trials on
on trial
trial and error
by trial and error
be on/go on/stand trial for...
bring sb. to trial
练习：新办法目前还在试行中。
The new method is still __________ now.
on trial
对……做试验
在试验中;在试用中
反复试验;不断摸索
反复试验
因......受审
将某人付诸审判
Vocabulary
2. back down
back down ：退让；认输
back 的常见用法：
back down (on/from sth.)
back off
back out (of sth.)
back sb./sth. up
练习：如果他们不相信你，我会为你作证。
I'll _____________ if they don't believe you..
back you up
放弃，认输
退缩，退却
退出；撒手
支持；证实；支持；支援
Vocabulary
3. the cutting edge
the cutting edge (of sth) (某事物发展的)尖端，最前沿
edge的常见用法:
be on edge
on the edge of
on the edge of ones seat
take the edge off sth
练习：
The game had the crowd ________________________.
on the edge of their seats
紧张不安;激动;烦躁
濒于,几乎,在……边缘
异常兴奋;极为激动;有浓厚兴趣
减弱;使变;伤……的锐气
Vocabulary
4. think outside the box
think outside the box=think out of the box
不拘格地思考，跳出框框思考；另辟蹊径
think常见用法:
think highly of sb./sth.
think nothing of.../of doing…
think twice about sth./about doing sth.
练习：______________ (三思) before doing anything rash.
对某人/某事评价高
不把……当一回事
三思而行；慎重考虑后再决定
Vocabulary
Think twice
5. ground
hold/stand your ground
on firm ground
keep one's feet on the ground
prepare the ground.(for...)
练习：别听他的——坚持自己的主张吧。
Don't let him persuade you—__________________.
stand your ground
坚持主张；坚持立场
立场坚定，对事实确信无疑
实事求是；脚踏实地
做准备；使......能够容易发展
Vocabulary
acclaim
v. 称赞；喝彩
acclamation n. 赞同；喝彩
be acclaimed for... 因某事受到称赞
be acclaimed as... 被赞誉为...
allow
v. 允许
allowable adj. 许可的
allowance n. 津贴；补贴
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
allow for... 考虑到；顾及
spotlight / sp tla t/ n. 聚光灯；媒体的关注
v. (spotlighted/spotlit, spotlighted/spotlit)使显眼，使突出；将聚光灯射向（某物）
in the spotlight 处于公众注意的中心；出风头
eg. 1) The spotlight faded and the house lights came up.
聚光灯渐渐熄灭，观众席的灯亮了。
2) The Apple board has been in the spotlight from a governance standpoint for a long time.
苹果公司董事会对公司的治理一直是外界关注的焦点。
harsh /hɑ / adj. 恶劣的，艰苦的，严峻的；严厉的，苛刻的
harshly adv. 严厉地；刺耳地；粗糙地
harshness n. 严肃；刺耳；粗糙的事物
eg. 1) The plants were unable to withstand the rigours of a harsh winter.
这些植物经受不住严冬的考验。
2) One harsh word would send her into the depths of despair.
prosperous / pr sp r s/ adj. 富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的
prosperously adv. 繁荣地
prosper / pr sp (r)/ v. 繁荣；兴旺；成功；发达
prosperity /pr sper ti/ n. 繁荣；兴旺；发达；昌盛
eg. 1) China’s economy has prospered in the 21st century and now it’s a prosperous country.
中国经济在21世纪蓬勃发展，现在是一个繁荣的国家。
“繁荣”同义词辨析：
flourish v. 繁荣，兴旺。指经济、事业等发展迅速或取得巨大成功，也指植物茁壮成长。
boom v. 迅速发展，繁荣。指商业、贸易等进入快速发展时期，规模更大、更成功。
prosper v. 兴旺，发达。指人、企业等经营有方，经济上获利颇丰。
thrive v. /正式/兴旺，欣欣向荣。指人、动植物健康茁壮成长；也指经济繁荣发展，作此义解时常可与 flourish 或 prosper 换用。
Homework
搜索了解更多关于我过国非遗传统技艺，写下你的感悟，或者写下你认为保护和传承非遗传统文化的做法。
完成活动11。Work in pairs. Talk about other people who show the spirit of craftsmanship using the words and expressions in this section. Do further research if necessary
一，单词
(1) n.手艺；技艺 (2) n.媒体的关注
(3) adj.恶劣的艰苦的(4) v.避开，躲开
(5) v.表扬，赞赏 (6) n.试验
(7) adj.兴旺的 (8) v.经历
(9) adj.非凡的 (10) n.专业知识
craftsmanship
spotlight
harsh
shun
acclaim
trial
prosperous
undergo
extraordinary
expertise
一，单词
(1) n.atomic (2) n.hydrogen
(3) n.propulsion (4) adj.fleshy
(5) n.uniqueness (6) n.innovator
(7) n.depiction (8) n. celebrated
(9) n. substitute (10) n.renaissance
原子能的；核能的
氢
推进力
多肉的
独特性
创新者
描画；描述
著名的
代替品
复兴
二，短语
(1)开辟新的领域 .
(2)跳出框框思考 .
(3)尖端；最前沿 .
(4)退让；认输 .
(5)反复试验 .
(6)适应 .
(7)相反，而不是 .
(8)照料 .
(9)导致，造成 .
(10)每天 .
break new ground
think outside the box
the cutting edge
back down
by trail and error
adapt to
instead of
care for
result in
on a daily basis
二，短语
(11)一群... .
(12)对...是至关重要的 .
(13)除...之外 .
(14)考虑到，顾忌 .
(15)去世 .
(16)以...替代... .
(17)消失；灭绝 .
(18)更不用说 .
(19)(声音等)渐弱淡出 .
(20)防止...做某事 .
a flock of...
be crucial to...
in addition to...
allow for
pass away
replace...with...
die out
let alone
fade out
keep...from doing sth.
二，短语
(21)和、连同 .
(22)受到威胁 .
(23)...的结合 .
(24)证实；说明 .
(25)致力于 .
(26)忍受...的极端条件 .
(27)一段时间 .
(28)毅然,决然 .
(29)把...奉献给... .
(30)与...密切合作 .
along with
be under threat
a combination of...
speak to...
devote oneself to
endure the extreme conditions of...
a space of time
with resolution
dedicate... to...
work closely with
三，词汇拓展
1. n.基础；基本→ 　　 v.
→ adj.→ adv.
2. n. 描画；描述→ v.
3. adj.著名的→ v.
4. n.结合→ v.
5. n.创新者→ v.→ adj.
→ n.
basis
base
basic
depiction
depict
celebrated
celebrate
combination
combine
innovator
innovate
basically
innovative
innovation
三，词汇拓展
6. v.表扬；赞赏→ 　　 n.
7. v. 适应；改编→ n.
8. adj.多肉的→ n. 肉；果肉
9. n.忍耐力→ v.
10. n.毅力→ v.
acclaim
acclamation
adapt
adaptation
fleshy
flesh
endurance
endure
perseverance
persevere
See you next class!

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