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中考英语专题复习讲义——介词（二）
考点1：by/until（时间终点）
●用法精讲：
by：表示动作完成的截止时间（"在……之前完成"），如：by tomorrow（截至明天）。
until：表示动作持续到某一时间点（"直到……才停止"），如：wait until 10 PM（等到晚上10点）。
●速记口诀：by 表截止，until 表持续。
●典型例题：
Submit the report ___ Friday. (by)
The shop is open ___ 9 PM. (until)
●举一反三：
Finish the task ___ next week. (by)
He slept ___ noon. (until)
___ when will you stay (Until)
考点2：from...to.../between...and...（时间范围）
●用法精讲：
from...to...：表示连续时间段的起点和终点（from Monday to Friday）。
between...and...：强调两个时间点之间的任意时间（between 2 PM and 4 PM）。
●速记口诀：from to 连续段，between and 任意点。
●典型例题：
Classes run ___ 8 AM ___ 5 PM. (from, to)
You can visit ___ 10 AM ___ 3 PM. (between, and)
●举一反三：
Work hours are ___ 9 ___ 6. (from, to)
Call me ___ 7 ___ 9 tonight. (between, and)
The event lasts ___ June ___ August. (from, to)
考点3：against/for（支持与反对）
●用法精讲：
against：反对、对抗（vote against, fight against）。
for：支持、赞成（vote for, argue for）。
●速记口诀：against 反，for 挺。
●典型例题：
He voted ___ the proposal. (against)
We campaigned ___ animal rights. (for)
●举一反三：
The team played ___ the champion. (against)
She is ___ increasing salaries. (for)
Protest ___ pollution. (against)
考点4：despite/in spite of（尽管）
●用法精讲：
despite和in spite of：都表示"尽管"，后接名词或短语，可互换。
区别：in spite of 更正式，despite 更简洁。
●速记口诀：despite = in spite of，尽管后接名词短语。
●典型例题：
___ the rain, we went hiking. (Despite/In spite of)
He succeeded ___ his injuries. (in spite of)
●举一反三：
___ her fear, she spoke loudly. (Despite)
___ being tired, he finished the race. (In spite of)
___ the delay, we arrived on time. (Despite)
考点5：according to/in terms of（依据与方面）
●用法精讲：
according to：根据（某信息源），如：according to the news。
in terms of：在……方面，如：in terms of cost。
●速记口诀：according to 据来源，in terms of 表方面。
●典型例题：
___ the map, we are close. (According to)
___ quality, this is the best. (In terms of)
●举一反三：
___ the teacher, the exam is easy. (According to)
___ experience, he is qualified. (In terms of)
___ size, it's too big. (In terms of)
考点6：instead of/in place of（替代）
●用法精讲：
instead of：代替（后接被替换的内容），如：drink water instead of soda。
in place of：正式替代（常指职位或职能），如：She will teach in place of Mr. Lee。
●速记口诀：instead of 替事物，in place of 替职能。
●典型例题：
Use olive oil ___ butter. (instead of)
A new manager will work ___ John. (in place of)
●举一反三：
We walked ___ driving. (instead of)
He acted ___ the captain. (in place of)
Choose tea ___ coffee. (instead of)
考点7：because of/owing to（归因）
●用法精讲：
because of：直接原因（后接具体名词或动名词）。
owing to：正式原因（多用于书面语），如：The flight was delayed owing to fog。
●速记口诀：because of 口语因，owing to 书面因。
●典型例题：
___ his help, I passed the test. (Because of)
___ technical issues, the show was canceled. (Owing to)
●举一反三：
___ heavy snow, schools closed. (Because of)
___ financial problems, they sold the house. (Owing to)
She resigned ___ health reasons. (owing to)
考点8：up/down（方向）
●用法精讲：
up：向上（climb up the hill）。
down：向下（walk down the stairs）。
●速记口诀：up 向上，down 向下。
●典型例题：
The balloon floated ___ into the sky. (up)
Tears ran ___ her face. (down)
●举一反三：
Go ___ the street to find it. (up)
The river flows ___ to the sea. (down)
Slide ___ the slope. (down)
考点9：past/beyond（超过）
●用法精讲：
past：时间或地点上的"超过"（walk past the bank, half past ten）。
beyond：抽象或范围外的"超越"（beyond belief, beyond the mountains）。
●速记口诀：past 超时地，beyond 超范围。
●典型例题：
The bus drove ___ the stop. (past)
His skill is ___ comparison. (beyond)
●举一反三：
It's ten minutes ___ eight. (past)
The problem is ___ my ability. (beyond)
The village is ___ the river. (beyond)
考点10：within/beyond（能力范围）
●用法精讲：
within：在能力/时间/空间范围内（within reach, within a week）。
beyond：超出能力/范围（beyond control, beyond repair）。
●速记口诀：within 范围内，beyond 范围外。
●典型例题：
The solution is ___ our grasp. (within)
The damage is ___ repair. (beyond)
●举一反三：
Answer ___ 30 minutes. (within)
It's ___ my understanding. (beyond)
Keep the noise ___ limits. (within)
考点11：with（复合结构）
●用法精讲：
with + 名词 + 分词/形容词/介词短语：构成独立主格结构，表伴随状况或原因。
例如：with tears in her eyes（含泪）；with the door locked（门锁着）。
●速记口诀：with 带复合结构，表伴随或原因。
●典型例题：
He slept ___ the window open. (with)
She ran away ___ him chasing her. (with)
●举一反三：
___ the exam over, we celebrated. (With)
___ no time left, he rushed out. (With)
Stand ___ your hands up. (with)
介词辨析闯关训练
说明：从 A、B、C、D 中选择最佳答案。
1.The project must be completed ___ tomorrow.
A. by
B. until
C. for
D. since
2.The concert is scheduled ___ 7 PM ___ 10 PM.
A. from...to
B. between...and
C. during...for
D. since...until
3.They argued ___ stricter laws.
A. for
B. against
C. about
D. by
4.___ the heat, they continued working.
A. Despite
B. Because of
C. Owing to
D. Due to
5.The failure was ___ poor planning.
A. due to
B. because of
C. in spite of
D. against
6.___ cost, this option is cheaper.
A. According to
B. In terms of
C. Due to
D. Instead of
7.We use bikes ___ cars to reduce pollution.
A. instead of
B. in place of
C. due to
D. because of
8.The match was canceled ___ heavy rain.
A. owing to
B. because of
C. despite
D. against
9.The children are playing ___ the house.
A. outside
B. inside
C. along
D. beyond
10.Flowers bloom ___ the path.
A. along
B. throughout
C. against
D. beyond
11.___ the details, I'll explain later.
A. As for
B. Regarding
C. Owing to
D. Instead of
12.Walk ___ the hill to see the view.
A. up
B. down
C. past
D. beyond
13.The ship sailed ___ the horizon.
A. past
B. beyond
C. within
D. up
14.This task is ___ my current skills.
A. within
B. beyond
C. past
D. against
15.He sat quietly ___ his eyes closed.
A. with
B. by
C. for
D. against
【答案】
1.A (by)→ 截止时间用 "by"。
2.A (from...to)→ 连续时间段用 "from...to"。
3.A (for)→ 支持某主张用 "for"。
4.A (Despite)→ "尽管" 后接名词短语。
5.A (due to)→ 正式原因作表语。
6.B (In terms of)→ 表示"在……方面"。
7.A (instead of)→ 替代事物用 "instead of"。
8.A (owing to)→ 正式原因。
9.A (outside)→ 在外部。
10.A (along)→ 沿着路径。
11.A (As for)→ 转换话题。
12.A (up)→ 向上行走。
13.B (beyond)→ 超越地平线（范围外）。
14.B (beyond)→ 超出能力范围。
15.A (with)→ 复合结构表伴随状态。

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