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2026年中考英语专题复习讲义——定语从句
考点 1：关系代词 that 的基本用法（指人或物）
●用法精讲：that 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。先行词可以是人，也可以是物。
●典型例题：
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (that 作宾语，指物，可省略)
The man that is talking to my father is our new teacher. (that 作主语，指人)
●举一反三：
This is the photo (that) I took in Beijing. (指物，作宾语)
The person (that) you met just now is my brother. (指人，作宾语)
The news that surprised us all was true. (指物，作主语)
考点 2：关系代词 which 的基本用法（指物）
●用法精讲：which 在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。先行词只能是物。
●典型例题：
The house which stands at the corner of the street is a museum. (which 作主语，指物)
The movie (which) we watched last night was fantastic. (which 作宾语，指物，可省略)
●举一反三：
The car (which) my father drives is very old. (指物，作宾语)
The problem which needs solving is difficult. (指物，作主语)
The book (which) you lent me is on the desk. (指物，作宾语)
考点 3：关系代词 who/whom 的基本用法（指人）
●用法精讲：who 在从句中作主语或宾语（口语中也可代替 whom 作宾语）。whom 在从句中只能作宾语。作宾语时可省略。
●典型例题：
The girl who is singing on the stage is my classmate. (who 作主语，指人)
The man (who/whom) you saw in the office is the manager. (who/whom 作宾语，指人，可省略)
●举一反三：
The doctor (who/whom) we are waiting for has arrived. (作宾语)
The boy who broke the window ran away. (作主语)
The lady (who/whom) I spoke to was very kind. (作宾语)
考点 4：关系代词 whose 的用法（表示所属关系）
●用法精讲：whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示“某人的”或“某物的”。先行词可以是人或物。
●典型例题：
That's the boy whose father is a famous scientist. (whose 作定语，修饰 father，指人)
The building whose roof is red is our library. (whose 作定语，修饰 roof，指物)
●举一反三：
I know a lady whose hobby is collecting stamps. (指人)
This is the tree whose leaves turn yellow in autumn. (指物)
The company whose products sell well is located here. (指物)
考点 5：关系副词 when 的用法（表时间）
●用法精讲：when 在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词（如 time, day, year, moment 等）。
●典型例题：
I will never forget the day when I first came to this city. (when 作状语，修饰 came)
The time when we had to leave arrived. (when 作状语) ●举一反三：
Do you remember the year when the Olympic Games were held in Beijing
There was a time when people traveled only by horse.
The moment when he saw the result, he jumped with joy.
考
点 6：关系副词 where 的用法（表地点）
●用法精讲：where 在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词是表示地点的名词（如 place, room, city, country, house 等）。
●典型例题：
This is the hotel where we stayed last summer. (where 作状语，修饰 stayed)
The park where children often play is being repaired. (where 作状语)
●举一反三：
The factory where my father works is far from home.
That is the country where tea was first discovered.
The library where you can find many old books is closed today.
考点 7：关系副词 why 的用法（表原因）
●用法精讲：why 在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是 reason。
●典型例题：
Do you know the reason why he was late (why 作状语，修饰 was late)
That's the main reason why I disagree with you. (why 作状语)
●举一反三：
She didn't tell me the reason why she refused the job.
I don't understand the reason why he left without saying goodbye.
The reason why the river is polluted needs to be investigated.
考点 8：限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
●用法精讲：
*限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定作用，是句子不可或缺的部分，去掉后句意不完整或不明确。不用逗号分隔。
*非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用，去掉后句意依然完整。用逗号与主句分隔。关系词不可省略（that 不能引导非限制性定语从句）。
●典型例题：
(限制性) People who work hard will succeed. (去掉从句，句意变为“人们会成功”，意思模糊)
(非限制性) My uncle,who lives in Shanghai, is coming to visit us next week. (去掉从句，句意“我叔叔下周要来看我们”依然完整)
●举一反三：
(限制性) The book (that/which) you recommended is sold out.
(非限制性) The Eiffel Tower,which is in Paris, is a famous landmark.
(非限制性) Mr. Zhang,whose son is my classmate, is a doctor.
考点 9：只能用 that 引导定语从句的情况
●用法精讲：
当先行词是 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。
当先行词同时包含人和物时。
●典型例题：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you (先行词是 anything)
This is the first movie (that) I've ever seen. (先行词被 first 修饰)
We talked about the people and things (that) we remembered. (先行词同时包含人和物)
●举一反三：
All (that) glitters is not gold.
This is the best book (that) I have read this year.
He is the only person that can solve this problem.
考点 10：介词 + 关系代词引导的定语从句
●用法精讲：介词可以放在关系代词 which 或 whom 之前。关系代词不可省略，不能用 that 或 who 代替 whom。
●典型例题：
The school in which he studied is very famous. (= The schoolwhich/thathe studiedinis very famous.)
The man to whom I spoke is my neighbor. (= The manwho/whom/thatI spoketois my neighbor.)
●举一反三：
The house in front of which stands a big tree is mine.
This is the teacher from whom we learned a lot.
The problem about which they are talking is important.
考点 11：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时主谓一致
●用法精讲：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词应与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。
●典型例题：
I, who am your friend, will help you. (先行词 I 是第一人称单数)
The students who are playing basketball are my classmates. (先行词 students 是复数)
●举一反三：
He is one of the boys who like playing football. (先行词是 the boys，复数)
She is the only one of the girls who plays the violin. (先行词是 the only one，单数)
The books that are on the desk belong to me.
考点 12：定语从句与同位语从句的区别
●用法精讲：
*定语从句：修饰名词（先行词），关系词在从句中充当成分（主、宾、状等）。
*同位语从句：解释说明抽象名词（如 idea, news, fact, hope, belief 等），引导词（that, whether 等）在从句中不充当任何成分。
●典型例题：
(定语从句) The news that he brought surprised us all. (that 在从句中作宾语，指他带来的消息)
(同位语从句) The news that he had passed the exam made us happy. (that 在从句中不充当成分，从句解释 news 的具体内容)
●举一反三：
(定语从句) The suggestion that he made was accepted. (that 作宾语)
(同位语从句) The suggestion that we should go camping is great. (that 不充当成分)
(同位语从句) I have no idea when he will come back. (when 引导同位语从句说明 idea)
考点 13：关系副词 where, when, why 与 “介词 + which” 的互换
●用法精讲：在定语从句中，关系副词 where, when, why 可以分别用 “介词 + which” 替换。
* where = in/at/on which * when = in/at/on/during which * why = for which
●典型例题：
This is the house where/in which I was born.
I remember the day when/on which we first met.
That's the reason why/for which I was late.
●举一反三：
The factory where/in which my father works is large.
The year when/in which I went to college was 2010.
Please tell me the reason why/for which you didn't come.
考点 14：as 引导的定语从句
●用法精讲：
用于固定结构：the same...as, such...as
引导非限制性定语从句，位置灵活，常位于句首，意为“正如”。
●典型例题：
This is the same watch as I lost yesterday. (as 在从句中作宾语)
As we all know, the earth is round. (as 引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语)
●举一反三：
I have such a book as you are looking for.
As is reported in the newspaper, a new bridge will be built.
He is not the same man as he used to be.
考点 15：关系代词的省略
●用法精讲：关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时（包括介词后的宾语），常可省略。但关系词作主语、定语（whose）或引导非限制性定语从句时不可省略。
●典型例题：
The man (who/whom/that) I met yesterday is an artist. (作宾语，可省)
The book (which/that) you lent me is interesting. (作宾语，可省)
I still remember the day (when) we first met. (关系副词 when 在口语中有时可省) ●举一反三：
Is this the key (that/which) you are looking for
The person (who/whom) you talked about is my uncle.
The reason (why) he was absent is unknown.
定语从句闯关训练
从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1.The girl ______ is standing under the tree is my sister.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
2.I like the book ______ you bought for me.
A. who B. which C. whom D. whose
3.This is the room ______ Lu Xun once lived.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
4.I'll never forget the day ______ I joined the Party.
A. when B. where C. which D. what
5.Is there anyone here ______ name is Wang Lin
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
6.This is the best novel ______ I have ever read.
A. which B. that C. who D. when
7.The news ______ he told me is very exciting.
A. which B. who C. when D. why
8.He has two sons, ______ are college students.
A. both of whom B. both of them C. both of who D. both of which
9.The reason ______ he was late was that he missed the bus.
A. which B. why C. for that D. for which
10.The scientist ______ visited our school yesterday is from America.
A. which B. whom C. who D. whose
11.The house ______ roof was damaged in the storm needs repairing.
A. which B. whose C. that D. where
12.She is the only person ______ understands me.
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
13.He is such a good teacher ______ all the students respect.
A. that B. which C. as D. who
14.The factory ______ we visited last week is large.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
15.______ we all know, China is a great country.
A. That B. Which C. As D. What
【答案】
1.A(who) → 指人，在从句中作主语。
2.B(which) → 指物（book），在从句中作宾语（可省略）。
3.B(where) → 表示地点（room），在从句中作地点状语。
4.A(when) → 表示时间（day），在从句中作时间状语。
5.C(whose) → 表示所属关系（anyone's name），在从句中作定语。
6.B(that) → 先行词被最高级（best）修饰，只能用 that。
7.A(which) → 指物（news），在从句中作宾语（可省略）。
8.A(both of whom) → 非限制性定语从句，指人（sons），whom 作介词 of 的宾语。
9.B(why) → 表示原因（reason），在从句中作原因状语（也可用 for which）。
10.C(who) → 指人（scientist），在从句中作主语。
11.B(whose) → 表示所属关系（house's roof），在从句中作定语。
12.D(that) → 先行词被 the only 修饰，只能用 that（也可用 who，但 that 更常用）。
13.C(as) → 固定结构 such...as，as 在从句中作宾语。
14.A(which) → 指物（factory），在从句中作宾语（visited 是及物动词，后面缺宾语，故用 which/that 或省略，不能用 where）。
15.C(As) → as 引导非限制性定语从句，位于句首，意为“正如”。

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