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中考英语专题复习讲义——名词性从句
一、名词性从句基本概念
●核心定义：在句中起名词作用的从句，包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。
●连接词分类：
陈述句：that（无实义）
一般疑问句：whether/if（是否）
特殊疑问句：what/when/where等（保留原意）
●语序原则：从句永远用陈述语序。
●速记口诀：名从四类功能同，连接三系语序通
二、主语从句连接词选择
●典型例题：
______ he passed the exam surprised us all.
A. What B. That C. If D. When
答案：B（陈述事实用that）
______ will win is still unknown.
A. Who B. Whom C. What D. That
答案：A（疑问代词作主语）
●举一反三：
______ she left early is a mystery. (Why)
______ the meeting starts matters little. (When)
______ he said confused everyone. (What)
三、宾语从句时态呼应
●规则要点：
主句过去时，从句需用对应过去时态。
例外：客观真理/科学事实保持一般现在时。
●典型例题：
He believed that he ______ the task.
A. finishes B. finished C. will finish D. has finished
答案：B（主句believed为过去时）
We learned that water ______ at 100°C.
A. boils B. boiled C. will boil D. is boiling
答案：A（客观真理）
●举一反三：
She thought she ______ the key. (had lost)
They knew the earth ______ around the sun. (revolves)
He promised he ______ me soon. (would call)
四、whether与if的区别
●使用场景：
介词后只用whether
与or not连用只用whether
主语从句首句只用whether
●典型例题：
I wonder ______ we should go.
A. whether B. if C. that D. what
答案：A（可与or not连用）
______ he agrees doesn’t matter.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
答案：B（主语从句句首）
●举一反三：
It depends on ______ it rains. (whether)
Ask her ______ she needs help. (if)
______ to accept is your choice. (Whether)
五、that省略规则
●可省略场景：
宾语从句中作动词宾语
宾语从句中作形容词宾语
●不可省略场景：
主语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
●典型例题：
I think ______ you are right.
A. / B. that C. whether D. if
答案：A（动词宾语可省）
The fact ______ he succeeded inspired us.
A. / B. that C. what D. which
答案：B（同位语从句不可省）
●举一反三：
She said ______ she would come. (/)
The idea ______ we cooperate is good. (that)
It’s clear ______ he lied. (that)
六、表语从句位置
●固定结构：系动词（be/seem等） + 连接词 + 从句
●特殊注意：because不可引导表语从句
●典型例题：
The question is ______ we can finish.
A. what B. that C. whether D. because
答案：C（系动词后接whether）
His suggestion was ______ we hold a meeting.
A. because B. what C. that D. if
答案：C（建议内容用that）
●举一反三：
The trouble is ______ we lack time. (that)
My doubt is ______ it is true. (whether)
The reason is ______ he overslept. (that)
七、what的特殊用法
●功能特点：
保留疑问含义（什么）
表示“所…的事物”（= the thing which）
●典型例题：
______ he needs is more practice.
A. That B. If C. What D. Whether
答案：C（= the thing which）
Do you know ______ happened yesterday
A. that B. what C. which D. whether
答案：B（疑问含义）
●举一反三：
______ you said shocked me. (What)
I remember ______ she wore. (what)
______ impressed us was his courage. (What)
八、同位语从句定位
●识别标志：
紧跟抽象名词（fact/idea/news等）
用that说明名词具体内容（不可用which）
●典型例题：
The news ______ he won spread quickly.
A. which B. that C. what D. if
答案：B（news后同位语）
We heard the story ______ he saved a child.
A. what B. that C. which D. if
答案：B（story后同位语）
●举一反三：
The evidence ______ he was innocent. (that)
Her belief ______ hard work pays off. (that)
The message ______ the meeting was canceled. (that)
九、疑问词+ever引导名从
●功能转变：
whoever= anyone who
whatever= anything that
●典型例题：
______ comes first will get a prize.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. What
答案：B（= anyone who）
You can take ______ you want.
A. that B. whatever C. which D. whichever
答案：B（= anything that）
●举一反三：
______ wins will be recorded. (Whoever)
She eats ______ she likes. (whatever)
______ he said was ignored. (Whatever)
十、从句中的虚拟语气
●适用场景：建议/要求类动词后（suggest/insist等）
●结构：(should) + 动词原形
●典型例题：
He insisted that I ______ present.
A. am B. was C. be D. would be
答案：C（should省略）
We suggest that the meeting ______ postponed.
A. is B. was C. be D. will be
答案：C（虚拟语气）
●举一反三：
The doctor recommended that he ______ rest. (should take)
They demanded that the work ______ finished. (be)
It’s necessary that everyone ______ on time. (be)
十一、主从句时态协调
●复合时态规则：
主句现在时 → 从句根据需要时态
主句过去时 → 从句用对应过去时
●典型例题：
He says that he ______ the answer.
A. knows B. knew C. will know D. had known
答案：A（主句现在时）
She realized that she ______ a mistake.
A. makes B. made C. had made D. has made
答案：C（过去完成时表更早发生）
●举一反三：
I thought you ______ home. (were)
They see that it ______ difficult. (is)
He admitted he ______ the window. (had broken)
十二、宾语从句位置
●灵活位置：
动词后：I know that...
形容词后：I’m sure that...
介词后（限whether）：It depends on whether...
●典型例题：
We are confident ______ we will succeed.
A. that B. whether C. what D. how
答案：A（形容词后接that）
Pay attention to ______ the teacher says.
A. that B. what C. which D. how
答案：B（介词后接疑问词）
●举一反三：
She is aware ______ it’s risky. (that)
It led to ______ happened next. (what)
He cares about ______ you think. (what)
十三、名词性从句简化
●转化技巧：
主语从句 → 不定式/动名词
宾语从句 → 疑问词 + 不定式
●典型例题：
______ to go is still debated.
A. If B. Whether C. That D. What
答案：B（whether to go = whether we should go）
I don’t know ______ to choose.
A. what B. that C. if D. whether
答案：A（what to choose = what I should choose）
●举一反三：
______ is important. (What to do)
He taught me ______ the problem. (how to solve)
______ surprised us. (His winning)
十四、双重疑问句
●结构特征：特殊疑问词 + do you think + 陈述语序
●语序重点：do you think后接正常陈述句
●典型例题：
______ do you think will win
A. Who B. Whom C. What D. That
答案：A（who作主语）
______ did he say was the cause
A. Who B. What C. That D. If
答案：B（what作主语）
●举一反三：
______ should we believe (Who)
______ did they find at the scene (What)
______ do you suggest we invite (Who)
十五、名从与定从区别
●核心差异：
名从：补充名词内容（无先行词）
定从：修饰名词（含先行词）
●典型例题：
______ he said was important.
A. What B. That C. The thing D. Which
答案：A（what引导主语从句）
The book ______ you recommended is great.
A. what B. that C. whether D. how
答案：B（that引导定语从句修饰book）
●举一反三：
______ happened shocked us. (What)
The news ______ you heard is true. (that)
______ she wants is unknown. (What)
名词性从句闯关训练
从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。
1.______ he didn’t attend surprised us.
A. What B. That C. If D. Why
2.We discussed ______ we should invest.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
3.The teacher explained ______ the moon moves.
A. what B. that C. how D. if
4.My opinion is ______ we need change.
A. because B. what C. that D. which
5.They believed ______ the project was feasible.
A. that B. if C. what D. how
6.______ she will agree remains unclear.
A. If B. That C. Whether D. What
7.I doubt ______ he told the truth.
A. that B. if C. what D. how
8.The rumor ______ he resigned spread fast.
A. which B. that C. what D. if
9.______ wins will get the trophy.
A. Who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. What
10.He insisted that I ______ responsible.
A. am B. was C. be D. would be
11.She realized ______ she had forgotten.
A. what B. that C. if D. how
12.______ to do next is the question.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. How
13.______ did you say solved the issue
A. Who B. Whom C. What D. That
14.I’m not sure ______ he meant.
A. that B. what C. which D. if
15.The problem is ______ we lack funds.
A. because B. that C. what D. how
【答案】
1.B（that引导主语从句，陈述事实）
2.C（discuss后接whether表示“讨论是否”）
3.C（how表示方式，解释月球如何移动）
4.C（系动词后接that引导表语从句）
5.A（believed后接that引导宾语从句）
6.C（主语从句句首只能用whether）
7.B（doubt表示怀疑时常用if引导从句）
8.B（rumor后接that引导同位语从句）
9.B（whoever=anyone who引导主语从句）
10.C（insist要求虚拟语气，should省略）
11.A（what作forgot的宾语，表示“忘记的内容”）
12.A（what to do结构引导主语从句）
13.A（who作solved的主语，双重疑问句）
14.B（what作meant的宾语，表示“所指内容”）
15.B（系动词后接that引导表语从句）

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