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中考完形填空专项复习讲义
一、 题型介绍
完形填空是中考英语的重要题型之一，通常在一篇约200-250词的短文中设置10-15个空白。要求考生根据上下文语境、语法规则、词汇搭配、逻辑关系等，从所给的选项中选出最佳答案，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。它不仅考查词汇和语法，更侧重考查语篇理解和综合语言运用能力。
二、 核心解题策略
@通读全文，把握主旨：不要急于做题，先快速通读全文1-2遍（跳过空白），了解文章大意、主题、基本情节、人物关系和作者态度。这是解题的基础。
@瞻前顾后，寻找线索：仔细阅读空白处所在的句子及其上下文。寻找解题线索，包括：
词汇复现：相同的词、同义词、近义词、反义词、相关词。
逻辑关系：因果关系 (because, so, therefore)、转折关系 (but, however, although)、递进关系 (also, besides, furthermore)、时间顺序 (first, then, finally)等。注意连接词。
语法结构：时态、语态、主谓一致、固定搭配、从句引导词等。
语义连贯：选项填入后，句子意思是否通顺，是否符合上下文逻辑。
@先易后难，各个击破：遇到一时难以确定的题目，先做标记跳过，继续做后面的题目。有时后面的信息会为前面的题目提供线索。全部做完后再回头解决难题。
代入验证，复查全文：所有选项初步选定后，将答案代入原文，再次通读全文，检查是否语义连贯、逻辑通顺、语法正确。这是避免失误的关键一步。
三、 考点分类精讲与原创练习
考点一：上下文理解与逻辑推理 (Context & Logic)
特征：答案的选择高度依赖对上下文信息的理解和逻辑关系的判断。线索可能在前文、后文或需要综合推断。
技巧：仔细阅读空白前后的句子，理解其内在联系（因果、转折、递进、时间等），注意代词所指对象，体会作者的情感态度。
原创练习 (Passage 1):
It was a sunny Monday morning. As the school bell rang, students rushed into the classroom. Today was the day for the annual school sports meeting. Everyone was excited, especially Tom, who had been practicing for the long jump for weeks. However, just before the event started, Tom___1____his ankle while warming up. His friends quickly___2____him to the school clinic. The doctor said it was not serious, but Tom couldn’t participate. Feeling disappointed, Tom sat on the bench. Suddenly, his best friend Mike came to him and said, “Don’t worry, Tom. I___3____for you!” Mike wasn’t good at long jump, but he tried his best.___4____the end, Mike won the third prize. Tom was touched and realized that friendship was more important than winning.
1.A. hurt B. cut C. broke D. hit
2.A. carried B. pushed C. pulled D. led
3.A. jump B. jumped C. will jump D. am jumping
4.A. On B. At C. In D. By
答案与解析：
1.A. hurt(hurt 常指“扭伤”，符合运动受伤的语境。cut“割伤”，broke“折断”，hit“击中”均不如hurt贴切。)
2.A. carried(朋友帮助受伤的Tom去诊所，carried“抬着、搀扶”最符合场景。pushed“推”，pulled“拉”，led“带领”都不够体贴受伤的情况。)
3.B. jumped(Mike说的话发生在过去，且他后来确实跳了，所以用过去时jumped。will jump是将来时，am jumping是现在进行时，都不符合过去的语境。)
4.C. In(固定搭配“in the end”表示“最终、最后”。)
考点二：固定搭配与习惯用语 (Collocations & Idioms)
特征：答案往往是某个动词、名词或形容词的固定搭配（如动词短语、介词短语、名词短语）。
技巧：熟记常见搭配。注意空格前后的词，看它们是否构成固定表达。
原创练习 (Passage 2):
With the development of technology, electric cars are becoming more popular. They are___5____for the environment because they don’t produce harmful gases. Last month, our city___6____a new policy to encourage people to use electric cars. Those who buy electric cars can get a subsidy. My father decided to buy one. He said, “Although it is a bit expensive now, it will___7____money in the long run because electricity is cheaper than gasoline.” He also added that___8___everyone uses clean energy, our city will have fresher air.
5.A. worse B. better C. similar D. common
6.A. announced B. invented C. discovered D. described
7.A. waste B. save C. cost D. borrow
8.A. until B. if C. unless D. because
答案与解析：
B. better(根据后文“不产生有害气体”，电动车对环境“更好”。)
A. announced(城市“宣布”一项政策。invent“发明”，discover“发现”，describe“描述”均不适用。)
7.B. save(固定搭配“save money”省钱。虽然初期贵，但长远看用电比油便宜，所以是“省钱”。)
8.B. if(引导条件状语从句，“如果”大家都用清洁能源，城市空气会更好。until“直到”，unless“除非”，because“因为”逻辑不通。)
考点三：语法结构运用 (Grammar Structures)
特征：涉及时态、语态、非谓语动词、从句（定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句）、主谓一致、比较级等语法点。
技巧：分析句子结构，明确空白处在句子中的语法成分，根据语法规则选择正确答案。
原创练习 (Passage 3):
Mid-Autumn Festival is a traditional Chinese festival. It is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. On this day, families get together and enjoy the full moon. They also eat mooncakes,___9____are round and delicious. This year, my grandmother taught me how to make mooncakes. She said, “In the past, mooncakes___10____made at home, but now most people buy them from stores.” She also told me a legend about Chang’e flying to the moon. I was so interested that I___11____a story about it for my English homework. My teacher said it was___12____and gave me an A.
9.A. who B. when C. which D. where
10.A. are B. were C. will be D. have been
11.A. write B. wrote C. will write D. am writing
12.A. boring B. simple C. creative D. difficult
答案与解析：
C. which(引导非限制性定语从句，修饰mooncakes，且mooncakes是物，用which。who指人，when/where分别指时间和地点。)
10.B. were(根据“In the past”判断，用一般过去时被动语态were made。)
11.B. wrote(描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时wrote。)
12.C. creative(老师给了A等，说明故事写得好，“有创意的”符合语境。boring“无聊的”，simple“简单的”，difficult“困难的”都不合适。)
考点四：词汇辨析与运用 (Vocabulary & Usage)
特征：选项是意思相近或形式相似的词（近义词、形近词），需要根据语境和词义细微差别选择最贴切的词。
技巧：理解每个选项的确切含义和常见用法，结合上下文语境判断哪个词填入后最符合句意。
原创练习 (Passage 4):
When I was in primary school, I was very shy and___13____spoke in class. One day, my teacher encouraged me to join the speech contest. I was nervous but decided to try. I practiced every day after school.___14____the day of the contest, I was still scared. However, when I saw my teacher smiling at me, I felt more confident. I took a deep breath and started my speech. To my surprise, I won first prize! This experience taught me that courage is not the absence of fear,___15____doing something despite fear. Now I often___16____my story with my classmates to encourage them.
13.A. always B. often C. never D. sometimes
14.A. On B. At C. In D. For
15.A. and B. so C. but D. or
16.A. share B. shared C. will share D. am sharing
答案与解析：
C. never(根据“very shy”，推断在课堂上“从不”发言。always“总是”，often“经常”，sometimes“有时”都不符合害羞的性格。)
A. On(表示具体某一天用介词on，“在比赛那天”。)
C. but(句子表达“勇气不是没有恐惧，而是尽管恐惧仍然去做某事”，but表示转折关系。)
16.A. share(描述现在经常性的行为，用一般现在时share。)
四、 综合提升训练
尝试独立完成以下综合题，运用以上所有策略：
原创练习 (Passage 5):
The little library in our neighborhood park was a quiet place. Old Mr. Green___17____it for years. One rainy afternoon, I found a book there with a handwritten note inside: “To the finder: This book changed my life. I hope it does the same for you.” It was signed “A Grateful Reader”. This discovery___18____me. I started reading the book immediately. It was about kindness and helping others.___19____I finished it, I felt inspired to do something good. I decided to___20____some of my own favorite books to the little library, each with a note of encouragement. Soon, others began doing the same. The little library became not just a place for books,___21____a place for sharing hope and kindness.
17.A. managed B. built C. sold D. forgot
18.A. bored B. surprised C. frightened D. annoyed
19.A. Before B. After C. Until D. Since
20.A. borrow B. keep C. donate D. return
21.A. and B. or C. but D. so
(答案：17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C 21. C)
五、 复习建议
夯实基础：熟练掌握中考要求的词汇、短语和基本语法规则。
广泛阅读：多读各种题材的英语短文、故事、新闻报道等，增强语感和理解能力。
精练真题：认真研究历年中考真题，熟悉题型、难度和考点分布，总结规律和易错点。
反思总结：每次练习后，不仅要核对答案，更要分析错误原因（是词汇不懂？语法不清？逻辑没理顺？），避免下次再犯。
限时训练：模拟考试环境，在规定时间内完成练习，提高解题速度和应试能力。

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