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(共34张PPT)
Unit 4 Natural disasters
Discovering useful structures
定语
形容词
名词
介词短语
1.什么定语？
非谓语动词
从句
(定语从句）
She is a beautiful girl.
Amy is a woman teacher.
The girl in red is my sister.
I have something to say.
The boy making face is my son.
Japan is a developed country.
I like people who smiles a lot.
定语：“定”语相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，常译为“的”
什么可以做定语
I know the boy.
The boy is sitting on the desk.
I know the boy
who is sitting on the desk
定语从句
定义
结构
定语从句
2. 什么定语从句？
关系词
修饰名词或代词的句子
先行词
关系词
被修饰的名词或代词
引导定语从句的关联词
关系代词
关系副词
who whom that which whose as
when where why
eg. This is the car which he bought last year.
Do you know the man who spoke just now
Do you know the man
He spoke just now.
１.
I have read the newspaper (which) carries the important news.
I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.
I have read the newspaper.
It carries the important news.
２.
I showed him the letter.
I received it this morning.
３.
将下列句子改成一句话
关系代词在定语从句中有三个作用：
1. 引导一个定语从句；
2.在从句中代替先行词；
3.在从句中担任某一句子成分。
Which 的用法
1. which 在从句中作主语、宾语或介词宾语,指物。
They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
The fish which we bought were not fresh.
This is the house which we lived in last year.
→ This is the house ________ we lived last year.
主语；指物
宾语；指物
介词宾语；指物
in which
which作介词宾语时，介词既可放在关系代词which 之前，也可以放在从句中动词之后
where
3. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人或物，作宾语时可省略。
A plane is a machine that can fly.
作主语；指物
The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious.
作宾语；指物
Let’s ask the man that is reading a book over there.
作主语；指人
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister.
作宾语；指人
that 的用法
2. who在从句中作主语和宾语, whom 在从句中作宾语；都指人。
The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.
主语；指人
The boy who broke the window is called Michael.
主语；指人
The person (whom / who) you just talked to is Mr Li.
宾语；指人
Mr Read is the professor to whom you should write.
宾语；指人
在定语从句中紧接着介词的只能用which和whom。指人用whom，指物用which
Who 的用法
4. whose 在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”，可与
of which (whom) the ... 互换。
Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.
of whom the
This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of.
of whom the
This is the book whose cover is blue.
of which the
Whose 的用法
关系 代词 指代 在定语从句中所充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 定语
who
whom
which
that
whose















The usage of the relative pronouns
1. 定语：可以是一个单词，一个短语，一个句子。
2. 名词是可以修饰名词的。
3. 动词：作定语有Ving，V-ed和to do三种形式。
4. 定语只对名词或代词起修饰作用，我们无法从定语中得知名词或代词的具体内容。
总结概括：
What is the attributive clause
(什么是定语从句）
定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词，在句子中起定语作用的从句。
Bobby is a boy who is very fat..
先行词
关系词
定语从句
先行词: 被修饰的名词或代词
关系词：1.连接从句；2.替代先行词； 当
He is the boy (who/that often goes to school late).
先行词
关系词
These are the trees (which/that were planted last year).
先行词
关系词
定语从句的一般结构是：先行词+关系词+从句
指出下列句子中的先行词和关系词
关系代词 可指代 从句中的成分
who
whom
which
that
whose
人
主语、宾语
人
宾语
物
主语、宾语
人、物
主语、宾语
人、物
定语
如何改写成定语从句？
①找出两个简单句的共有成分；
②将从句中的共有成分去掉；
③用关系词引导剩下的从句，并紧接在被修饰词之后．
I love the girl. The girl has long hair.
I love the girl who has a long hair.
who, whom, that,whose,which 用法区别.
① who先行词是人作定语从句的主语或宾语,作宾语可省略.
The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
分解
who作主语
② whom 先行词是人，作定语从句的宾语,作宾语可省略.
The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.
The woman is a teacher.
They wanted to visit the woman.
分解
whom作宾语
③which先行词是物,作定语从句的主语或宾语,作宾语可省略.
I like the book which you bought yesterday.
I like the book.
You bought the book yesterday.
分解
which作宾语
④that先行词可以是人或物，可以作定语从句的主语和宾语,作宾语可省略.
The man that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.
The man is a worker.
The man is speaking at the meeting.
分解
that作主语
⑤ whose 先行词是人或物，作定语从句的定语。
The woman whose hair is red is a teacher.
The woman is a teacher.
The woman’s hair is red.
分解
whose作定语
指代内容 所做成分 是否可省略
that
which
who
whom
whose
关系代词的用法
人；物
物
人
人
(人/物)的
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
主语,宾语
宾语
定语
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
作宾语可省
不可省
It is a musical program___________ can help
ordinary music lovers achieve their dreams in Zhejiang TV.
which/that
It is a very popular novel ___________J.K. Rowling created.
(which/that)
He is a famous Chinese writer __________ won the Nobel Prize for Literature.
who/that
He is a famous runner _______________ Chinese people love.
(whom/that/who)
It is a cell phone software(软件)_______ function (功能) is to chat with others and send messages, pictures and videos.
whose
1. Do you still remember the earthquake
___________ happened ten years ago
2. It is a good choice for tourists ________
prefer visiting places of historical interest.
3. This is the pilot with ______ my brother
has worked for ten years.
4. Could you please pass me the book
________ cover is green
5. Jackson likes the bike __________ his
uncle gave him as a birthday gift.
that/which
that/who
whom
whose
that/which
基础训练
6. The school in ________ my sister once
studied is very famous.
7. Professor Yang is a person from ______ I
have learned a lot.
8. The boy ______ parents are teachers is my
classmate.
9. Lucy called her brother ______________
she hadn't seen for five years.
10. It is the most interesting story ______ I
have ever heard.
which
whom
whose
that/whom/who
that
Read the passage and fill in the blanks with relative pronouns.
The people _________ live in Wenchuan county will never forget the day 12 May, 2008. The 8.0-magnitude earthquake __________ killed over 80,000 people turned many towns into ruins. The soldiers __________ the government sent rushed to the earthquake-hit area immediately.
Now, more than 10 years on, the survivors _______ homes were destroyed are living a new life.Many live in new towns
who/that
which/that
whom
whose
__________ have been beautifully rebuilt by the government. The people will never forget those ________ rescued them and helped them rebuild their home.Out of gratitude, many young adults _________ parents died during the earthquake have chosen to study medicine or join the army in a wish to help more people. Wenchuan, the county _________ was completely destroyed and then completely rebuilt, has become a symbol of the Chinese spirit of never giving up.
which/that
which/that
who
whose
高考真题演练
1. [2016·浙江卷]Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of ____________ has been proved.
2. (2020·全国卷Ⅲ，61)In ancient China lived an artist_________ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud.
3. (2019·全国Ⅱ，62) Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop , _______ she opened with her late husband Les.
4.They were well trained by their masters __________ had great experience with caring for these animals. (2019全国Ⅲ，64)
which
whose
which
who/that
高考真题演练
5.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ66)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 __________ showed a five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
6.(2018·北京，5) She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
7.(2018·天津，2) Kate, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
8.[2017·江苏卷]In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme,one of________purposes is to relieve the starvation.
which/that
which
whose
whose
高考真题演练
9.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，70) Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both，________ is not good for the health.
10.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，44)Her father Peter, wants her to give up school to model full－time.But Sarah，________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
11.(2017·北京，31)The little problems ___________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions。
12.(2017·天津，9) My eldest son___________ work takes him all over the world, is in NY at the moment.
which
who
that/which
whose

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