资源简介

(共21张PPT)
UNIT 5
LANGUAGES AROUND
THE WORLD
Discovering Useful Structures
Presentation
定语从句（二）
定语从句中，关系副词的核心是：代替“介词 + 关系代词”，在从句中仅作状语。
核心本质
关系副词（when/where/why）本质是 “介词 + which” 的省略形式，作用是在从句中补充 “时间、地点、原因” 状语，不充当主语或宾语。
核心逻辑：
先行词是时间→用 when（= 介词 + which）；
先行词是地点→用 where（= 介词 + which）；
先行词是 reason→用 why（= 介词 + which）。
关系副词的具体用法
1. when（表时间）
适用场景：先行词是时间名词（time/day/year/hour/moment 等），从句缺时间状语。
等价替换：when = on/in/at/during + which（根据先行词搭配的介词确定）。
例句：
I still remember the day when we first met.
=I still remember the day on which we first met.
I won`t forget the year when I joined the club.
=I won`t forget the year in which I joined the club.
2. where（表地点）
适用场景：先行词是地点名词（place/city/school/house/village 等），从句缺地点状语。
等价替换：where = in/at/on + which（根据先行词搭配的介词确定）。
例句：
We visited the village where his grandparents live.
=We visited the village in which his grandparents live.
注意：若先行词是地点名词，但从句缺主语 / 宾语，需用关系代词 that/which，而非 where。
正确：This is the factory which makes cars.（从句缺主语，用 which）
错误：This is the factory where makes cars.
3. why（表原因）
适用场景：先行词仅为 reason（唯一限定），从句缺原因状语。
等价替换：why = for which（固定搭配，reason 与介词 for 连用）。
例句：
Do you know the reason why he was late
=Do you know the reason for which he was late
The reason why she cried is still unknown.
=The reason for which she cried is still unknown.
注意：若 reason 在从句中作主语 / 宾语，需用 that/which，而非 why。
正确：The reason that he gave is not true.（从句缺宾语，用 that）
错误：The reason why he gave is not true.
易混点区分
关系副词与关系代词的判断：看从句成分 —— 缺状语用关系副词；缺主语 / 宾语用关系代词。
非限制性定语从句中，关系副词仍可使用（无逗号限制），但不能用 that 替换。
例句：We went to Beijing, where we visited the Great Wall.
2. 先行词为抽象地点时（如 situation/condition/case/job 等），常用 where 引导。
例句：He is in a situation where he has to make a choice.
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
先行词/成分 关系代词 关系代词
指人/作主 who/that who
指人/作宾 who/whom/that whom
指人(物)/作定 whose whose
指物/作主 which/that which
指物/作宾 which/that which
先行词/成分 关系副词
时间名词/时间状语 when（介词+which）
地点名词/地点状语 where（介词+which）
reason/原因状语 why（for+which）
P64
限制性定语从句
1. 时间（修饰a time）
2. 地点（修饰one unified country）
3. 原因（修饰reasons）
4. 地点（修饰animal bones and shells）
P64
P64
where/in which
when/on which
where/at which
that/which
why
P64
A: What kind of day makes you happy
B: It’s a day when I spend time with my family.
A: What’s your favourite place at school
B: It’s the library, because it is a place where I can read quietly.
A: What kind of teachers do you like best
B: I like teachers who are patient and humorous.
A: Who do you admire most Why
B: I admire my grandma. That’s the reason why she always stays positive no matter what happens.
Exercises
单选
1. We visited the factory ______ makes toys for children all over the world.
A. where B. which C. who D. whom
2. This is the girl ______ mother is a famous doctor in the hospital.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. that
3. I still remember the day ______ we first met at the school gate.
A. which B. when C. where D. that
4. The reason ______ he was late for class is that he missed the early bus.
A. why B. which C. where D. when
5. This is the village ______ my grandparents have lived for nearly 50 years.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
B
A
B
A
C
6. He is the only student in the class ______ has won the first prize three times.
A. who B. whom C. which D. whose
7. The book ______ cover is blue belongs to my deskmate.
A. which B. that C. whose D. where
8. We talked about the things and people ______ we met during the trip.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
9. There is no doubt about the place ______ we will hold the important meeting.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
10.The scientist ______ we met yesterday has made great contributions to space technology.
A. which B. who C. whose D. where
A
C
B
C
B
填空
The man ______ you shook hands just now is our new manager.
This is the house ______ Lu Xun used to live.
I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents.
The film ______ we watched last night was very moving.
The students ______ homework hasn’t been handed in will be punished.
with whom
where/in which
that/in which/不填
which/that/不填
whose
注：修饰the way的定语从句是一个特殊用法，关系词可以是that, in which或省略。
改错
This is the pen which I bought it yesterday.
The girl whom is standing under the tree is my sister.
I visited the city where my father worked there ten years ago.
The reason why he gave us for his absence was not true.
This is one of the books which was written by Mo Yan.
改who
改which/that
改were
Key Points
(P64)
常见搭配：struggle to do sth. 努力做某事（侧重克服困难完成）
She struggled to finish the report on time.
struggle with sth. 与…… 搏斗；在…… 方面吃力
He struggles with math homework every evening.
struggle against/for sth. 为反对 / 争取…… 而斗争
They struggled against injustice. / People struggled for freedom.
常见搭配：from/in one`s point of view 从某人的角度出发
different points of view 不同的观点
THANK YOU!

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