资源简介

(共41张PPT)
Unit 1
Science and Scientists
Discovering Useful Structures
人教版2019选择性必修第二册
Learning Objectives
Master the definition, structure and core functions of predicative clauses.
Grasp the correct usage of common guides for predicative clauses.
Apply predicative clauses properly in practical exercises and expressions.
Lead-in：
The outdoor activity seems attractive.
The boy remains puzzled.
This is a diligent student.
His job is to teach chemistry.
Observe and Discover：
What do the sentences have in common in their structures
predicative
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、代词、数词、动词过去分词、动词的-ing形式、副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式和从句等来充当。
His diarrhoea seems severe.
The two policies are contradictory.
This is a water pump.
His job is to handle the problem.
表语成分
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词）之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的，那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
一、名词作表语
Africa is a big continent.
非洲是个大洲。
That remains a puzzle to me.
这对我还是个难题。
二、代词作表语
What’s your fax number
你的传真号是多少？
Who's your best friend
你最好的朋友是谁？
表语成分
三、形容词作表语
I feel much better today.
我今天感觉好多了。
He is old but he is healthy。
他很老，但他很健康。
四、数词作表语
She was the first to learn about it.
她是第一个知道的人。
五、不定式作表语
Her job is to sell computers.
她的工作是销售电脑。
Our next step was to get raw materials ready.
我们下一步是把原料准备好。
表语成分
作表语的不定式短语通常是说明主语的内容，这时主语通常是如下名词：
hope, idea, job, plan, wish, aim, purpose, thing, business
The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.
新技术的目的是使生活更便利，而不是更繁琐。
Her wish is to become a singer.
她的愿望是当一名歌手。
Our plan is to finish the work in two weeks.
我们的计划就是在两星期内完成这项工作。
六、介词短语作表语
The patient is out of danger.
病人脱险了。
I don’t feel at ease.
我感到不自在。
七. 副词作表语
The sun is up.
太阳升起来了。
I must be off now.
我得走了。
表语成分
八.从句作表语
This is what he said.
这就是他所说的话。
Observe and Discover：
Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause.
The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
____
__________
主语
系动词
表语从句
表语从句（Predicative Clause）就是用一个句子作为表语，用来说明主语是什么，可以由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当表语的成分。表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后
Observe and Discover：
Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause.
在复合句中作表语的从句叫做表语从句。位于主句的系动词之后，对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。
主语 + 系动词 + 表语从句(引导词+其他)
结构：
Observe and Discover：
Observe the sentences and think about what is a predicative clause.
①What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.
②The exact places Snow marked on the map were where all those who died had lived.
③Snow’s finding was that the pump water carried cholera germs.
系动词
表语从句
系动词
表语从句
表语从句
系动词
Observe and Discover：
状态类：be
感官类：feel/look/sound/taste/smell
持续类：stand/remain/keep/stay
变化类：become/get/grow/turn/go/come/run/fall
似乎类：seem/appear
结果类：prove/turn out
是...
可以接表语从句系动词有：
......起来
保持...
变得...
似乎、好像...
结果是...;证明是...
可以接表语从句系动词有：
Observe and Discover：
可以接表语从句连接词有：
引导词 用法
从属连词 that 无成分，无意义
Whether 无成分，意为“是否”
连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose, wh+ever 在从句中充当主语，宾
语，表语，定语
连接副词 how, when, where, why however, whenever, wherever
在从句中充当状语
because, as if, as though
1. 从属连词that引导的表语从句
The fact is that he was lying.
The reason is that they never give up.
His suggestion is that we should tell him.
One idea is that fish is the best brain food.
that 仅起_______作用，______(有/无)词义，______(是/否)充当句子成分，通常________(能/不能)省略。
无
不能
不
连接
1.从属连词whether 引导的表语从句
The question is if we can finish our work.
The question is whether the film is worth watching.
The doctor’s doubt is whether she will survive.
whether起 _________ 作用，意为“_______”，在句中_________(是/否)作成分。
(注意：if ______(能/不能)引导表语从句)。
连接
是否
不
不能
1.从属连词as if/ as though/ because 引导的表语从句
It sounds as if / though someone is knocking at the door.
She looked as if she had been hit by lightning.
It seems as if she were mad.
He did not see the film last night. That is because he had seen it before.
as if/though 在从句中________(是/否)充当成分，意为“______________”;若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用_________(主句一般现在时，从句用_________时；主句过去式，从句___________时)；because在从句中_______(是/否)充当成分，意为“______________”
不
似乎；好像
虚拟语气
一般过去
过去完成
不
因为
表语从句的虚拟语气
一坚持（insist)
二命令（order, command)
三建议（advise, suggest, propose)
四要求（ask, require, request, demand)
当主句的主语是表示建议、命令、要求等后面的表语，那么表语从句应该用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should可省略。
His suggestion is that she ________________(keep) quiet.
My advice is that we _______________(ride) to the park.
(should) keep
(should) ride
2. 连接代词what(ever), which, who(ever), whom(ever), whose等引导的表语从句
My hometown is no longer what it used to be.
The problem is who we can get to replace her.
The problem is whose work is the best.
The question is what caused the accident, the poor whether or the heavy traffic
连接代词在句中起_______作用，还在从句中还充当______、______、______、_______,______(有/无)意义，________(能/不能)省略。
连接
表语
宾语
定语
主语
有
不能
3. 连接副词when, where, how, why引导的表语从句
The problem is how we can find him.
That is where I first met her.
That's why I object to the plan.
Thanksgiving is when people celebrate the harvest.
连接副词在句中起________作用,还在从句中充当_______, _______，______，_______状语，________(能/不能)省略。
连接
方式
地点
原因
时间
不能
一个要点
英语里一个词可以同时拥有多种词性—— 如：表语从句 This is where he lives。①where在主句中作表语，是代词词性；②where引导表语从句，是（从属）连词词性；③where在从句中充当状语，是副词词性。
这种多词性的情况只存在于连接词。（如果有例外，请更正）
然而要注意，表语从句属于名词性从句，只是表语的其中一种情况——由名词充当表语。
常见的引导表语从句的从属连词（Subordinating Conjunction）有when，where，why，who，how，that。它们都有代词（Pronoun）词性，即具备名词（Noun）性质，所以可以引导主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句、表语从句全部四种名词性从句。
一个例外
很多地点副词和时间副词可以充当表语或后置定语，如he is here；the man there is my brother。
所以，where在句中作副词时，虽是表语，但实际上应看做状语从句。（where在引导状语从句时在主句中是副词性质）
先看状语从句的定义：状语从句 （Adverbial Clause） 是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
目前表语从句和状语从句的两大特征是——表语从句：主句表语+名词性质；状语从句：主句状语+副词性质
看一组例子
① This is where he lives
where是代词，即名词性质，引导表语从句——这是他住的地方。
② He is where he lives
where是副词，他在他住的地方——显然不能说他是他住的地方，where he lives不是名词性从句。
这个时候，where he lives到底视作表语从句还是状语从句？笔者认为，从定义上讲，其成分是表语，自然是表语从句；但是它的副词特征属于状语从句，且用法也是特殊的地点/时间副词作表语。
所以，记住这个不属于名词性从句的表语从句的例外便可。切记不要被网上非权威的说法或一些语法书片面的表达所迷惑而秉持表语从句便是名词性从句的“铁律”。
表语从句不必定是名词性从句。
That’ why...
That’s because...
The reason(why...) is that...
I didn’t phone her. That’s why she got angry with me .
I didn’t phone her. That’s because I got angry with her .
3. She got angry with me, and the reason was ____ I didn’t phone her.
The reason why she got angry with me was that I didn’t phone her.
用法归纳：
a. That’s why … 那是…的原因 强调结果
b. That’s because … 那是因为… 强调原因
c. The reason(why...) is / was that … 不可用because或者why.
d. Why…is that…
that
By Contrast
表语从句注意事项：
表语从句注意事项：
The reason why he is late for school is ________ he
missed the bus.
2. Why we decided to put off the football match is ________
the weather was too bad.
that
that
当主句的主语是 _____________ 或 why 引导的 __________时常用 ______ 来引导表语从句，而不用 because。
the reason
主语从句
that
3. That’s _____ he was so angry.
4. It is ________ you are doing too much.
5. The reason ______ he was so late is _____ it was raining hard.
why
because
that / this / it + is / was +why + ________ (原因 / 结果)
表示“_________________________”
that / this / it + is / was + because + _______ (原因 / 结果)
表示“________________________”
“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由， “That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果
the reason why … is that … 中 why 是引导 _________，that 引导的是 _________，表示“___________________”。
这 / 那就是……的原因
结果
这 / 那就是因为……
原因
why
that
定语从句
表语从句
……的原因是……
表语从句注意事项：
如果引出表语从句的名词是表示 “建议”或者是“命令”之类的词如advice, suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea等, 从句中的动词用虚拟语气，即(should)+动词原形。
My suggestion is that we all (should) take an active part in the coming sports meet.
我的建议是我们每个人都应该积极参加运动会。
表语从句注意事项：
6. My suggestion is that we ____________ (go) and help him.
7. My advice is that we ____________ (get) there by train.
(should) go
(should) get
当主句的主语是表示建议（suggestion, advice）、命令（order）、要求（request, proposal）、计划（plan）等的名词时，表语从句要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。
表语从句注意事项：
表语从句一定要用正常语序，也就是陈述语序
表语从句注意事项：
False: The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.
Right: The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.
if不能引导表语从句，只能用whether 来引导。
引导宾语从句时if/whether可以互换，但介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether来引导。
位于句首的主语从句只能用whether来引导，同位语从句也只能用whether来引导。
表语从句注意事项：
False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.
Right: The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us
引导名词性从句时if/whether（是否）用法辨析：
不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。
表语从句注意事项：
Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
Right: The question is why he cried yesterday.
that在表语从句中不可以省掉。　表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是连系动词。
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句。
表语从句注意事项：
That is what I want to tell you.那就是我想要对你讲的。（what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)
Predicative clauses
表语从句
引导词
dreams
作用
说明主语是什么或者怎么样。
主语+系动词+表语从句(引导词+其他)
从属连词：_______,____________;
连接代词:______________________ _______________________________;
连接副词:________________________ ;
其他词:_________________________.
what, who, whom,
whose, which ...
when, where, why, how...
because, as if, as though ...
that
whether
结构
Practice and Apply：
The problem is ___________we can finish the task or not.
The question is ________we can get in touch with him.
The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________one can be entirely free from dust.
Running means doing the same thing for a while. That is ________ I did’t enjoy running.
The question is _________ caused the accident.
The most important thing is ___________ responsibility it is.
whether
how
that
why
what
whose
Attention：
He failed in the exam. That's _______ he felt frustrated.
felt frustrated.
failed in the exam.
why
连接副词
why做成分(状语)，有意义，不能省略
1.表从中易错连接词 why because
SUMMARY：
系动词
连接词
重难点
从属连词，连接代词，连接副词
(注意：as/as if/as though/because)
六大类
That is why.../That is because...
The reason(why...) is that.../That is because...
as if/as though
表语从句专项练习
1.The question is ______ we will have the sports meeting next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
2.Her wish is ______ she could become a famous singer.
A. which B. that C. what D. how
3.The reason for his success is ______ he never gives up.
A. because B. what C. that D. whether
4.It looks ______ it is going to rain.
A. as if B. like C. that D. whether
5 My idea is ______ we should do it at once.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
6. The fact is ______ he doesn’t really try his best.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
7. It seems ______ he has known the truth.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
8. The problem is ______ we can get enough money.
A. which B. what C. that D. how
9. His worry is ______ he will lose his job.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
10. One advantage of solar energy is ______ it will never run out.
A. which B. what C. that D. whether
11. The problem is ______ he has enough time.
A. if B. whether C. / D. that
12. That is ______ I don’t agree.
A. why B. where C. what D. how
13. The reason was ______ I was ill.
A. because B. that C. why D. for
14. The question is ______ we should ask them for help.
A. if B. whether C. that D. what
15. The moment ______ Leo will never forget is ______ Mr. Green gave him a lot of valuable advice.
A. that; when B. that; that C. when; that D. when; where
16. What I value about my father is ______ he shows love and care for me and my family.
A. what B. which C. how D. that
17. The infrastructure of a country is ______ makes everything run smoothly.
A. how B. which C. that D. what
18. The TV manufacturer is much more productive. This year’s production is three times ______ it was five years ago.
A. what B. that C. than D. as
19. The trouble is ______ we are short of tools.
A. that B. whether C. what D. because
20. It appears ______ he has made a mistake.
A. that B. as if C. whether D. what
参考答案：1–5 CBCAC 6–10 CCDCC 11–15 BBDBA 16–20 ADAAA
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修二
Thank You !

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