2026年中考英语量词专项复习讲义

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2026年中考英语量词专项复习讲义

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2026年中考英语量词专项复习讲义
Part 1: 知识精讲 (核心概念与分类)
一、 英汉量词对比 (核心差异)
英语无独立“量词”类别:
在英语中,没有像汉语那样专门表示事物单位的独立词类“量词”。
汉语的“一匹马、一支笔、一本书”在英语中通常统一用“a/an + 可数名词单数”表示,如:
a horse(一匹马)
a pen(一支笔)
a book(一本书)
英语的“成对”表达:
汉语中许多看似简单的物品(尤其是由两部分构成或成对使用的物品),在英语中需要借助“a pair of”来表达其“一对、一副、一条”的概念:
a pair of glasses / spectacles(一副眼镜)
a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)
a pair of trousers / pants(一条裤子 / 短裤)
a pair of shoes(一双鞋)
通用结构:“… of …”:
这是英语中表达“数量+单位”的核心结构,相当于汉语的量词短语。
该结构既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词:
修饰可数名词复数:a group of students(一群学生),three boxes of apples(三箱苹果)
修饰不可数名词:a piece of paper(一张纸),an article of clothing(一件衣服),a bar of chocolate(一块巧克力),a bottle of water(一瓶水)
结构:数量词 / 冠词 (a/an, the) + 单位名词 (如:piece, cup, bottle, slice, bar, etc.) + of + 名词 (可数复数 / 不可数)
动物群体的特殊表达:
英语对不同种类的动物群体有非常丰富且特定的表达,不能混用:
a flock of birds / sheep / goats(一群鸟/绵羊/山羊)
a herd of cattle / cows / elephants(一群牛/奶牛/大象)
a pack of wolves / dogs / hounds(一群狼/狗/猎犬)
a school / shoal of fish / dolphins(一群鱼/海豚)
a swarm of bees / locusts(一群蜜蜂/蝗虫)
a pride of lions(一群狮子)
a colony of ants(一群蚂蚁)
“量词”的修辞与情感色彩:
许多英语量词短语不仅表示数量,还带有动态或特定的情感色彩:
a burst of laughter / applause / anger(一阵大笑/掌声/怒气) - 强调突然爆发
a flood of tears / light / applications(泪如雨下/一片光亮/大量申请) - 强调量多如洪水
a glimmer / ray of hope(一线希望) - 强调微弱但存在
a shadow / trace of doubt(一丝怀疑) - 强调隐约、微小
a gust / blast of wind(一阵狂风) - 强调猛烈
形容词的位置:
在英语量词短语中,形容词通常修饰单位名词而不是后面的核心名词。
汉语说“一杯好茶”,英语是:a nice cup of tea(一杯好茶)
汉语说“一层薄冰”,英语是:a thin layer of ice
汉语说“一片美丽的田野”,英语是:a beautiful stretch of field
二、 高频量词分类详解 (中考必考)
1. 表示“少量、一点、一丝” (常用于抽象概念或微小事物)
a piece of(常用于不可数名词或抽象概念):a piece of advice(一条建议),a piece of information(一条信息),a piece of furniture(一件家具)
a bit of(常用于不可数名词,较口语化):a bit of sugar(一点糖),a bit of luck(一点运气)
a drop of(一滴):a drop of water / oil / blood(一滴水/油/血)
a grain of(一粒):a grain of rice / sand / truth(一粒米/沙子/一点真实性)
a speck of(一点、一小粒):a speck of dust(一点灰尘)
a trace of(一丝、一点痕迹):a trace of sadness(一丝悲伤),a trace of evidence(一点证据)
a hint of(一丝、一点暗示):a hint of smile(一丝微笑),a hint of danger(一丝危险)
a shadow / suggestion of(一丝):a shadow of doubt(一丝怀疑)
a glimmer / ray of(一线、一丝):a glimmer of hope(一线希望)
a touch of(一点、少许):a touch of humor(一点幽默感),a touch of frost(一点霜)
2. 表示“一片、一层、一块” (常用于有面积、体积或特定形状的事物)
a piece / slice of(一片):a piece of cake(一块蛋糕),a slice of bread / meat(一片面包/肉) (注意:slice强调切下来的薄片)
a sheet of(一大张、一片):a sheet of paper / ice(一张纸/一片冰) (通常指薄而平的)
a layer of(一层):a layer of dust / snow / paint(一层灰/雪/油漆)
a block of(一大块):a block of ice / cheese / flats(一大块冰/奶酪/公寓楼)
a bar of(一条、一块):a bar of chocolate / soap / gold(一条巧克力/一块肥皂/一根金条)
a lump of(一团、一块):a lump of sugar / coal(一块方糖/煤)
a chunk of(一大块):a chunk of meat / rock(一大块肉/岩石)
a pane of(一块玻璃):a pane of glass(一块窗玻璃)
a blade of(一片草叶):a blade of grass(一片草叶)
a stretch of(一片、一段):a beautiful stretch of beach(一片美丽的海滩),a long stretch of road(一段长路)
a patch of(一小块、一片):a patch of grass / blue sky(一小块草地/一片蓝天)
a flood of(一片、大量):a flood of moonlight / memories(一片月光/涌现的回忆) (常用于光、情感等)
3. 表示“一群” (People & Animals)
中性/一般人群:
a group of people / children(一群人/孩子) - 最常用
a crowd of people(一群人) - 常指聚集的人群
a number of people(一些人)
褒义/特定人群:
an audience(观众、听众) - 看表演或听演讲的人群
a team of players / workers(一队运动员/工人) - 强调团队协作
a class of students(一班学生)
a staff(全体职员)
a bevy of ladies(一群女士) - 较优雅的说法
贬义人群:
a gang of thieves / robbers(一伙小偷/强盗)
a mob of angry people(一群愤怒的暴民)
a pack of liars / fools(一帮骗子/傻瓜)
动物群 (需特别注意分类):
a flock of birds / sheep / goats(鸟群/绵羊群/山羊群)
a herd of cattle / cows / elephants / deer(牛群/奶牛群/象群/鹿群)
a pack of wolves / dogs / hounds(狼群/狗群/猎犬群)
a swarm of bees / flies / locusts(蜂群/苍蝇群/蝗虫群)
a school / shoal of fish / dolphins(鱼群/海豚群)
a pride of lions(狮群)
a colony of ants / penguins(蚁群/企鹅群)
a troop of monkeys(猴群)
4. 表示“一阵” (声音、自然现象、情感爆发)
a burst of(突然爆发):a burst of laughter / applause / gunfire / anger(一阵大笑/掌声/枪声/怒气)
a peal / roll of(隆隆声):a peal of thunder / bells / laughter(一阵雷声/钟声/笑声)
a fit of(一阵发作):a fit of coughing / laughter / anger(一阵咳嗽/大笑/怒气)
a gust / blast of(一阵狂风):a gust of wind / rain(一阵风/雨)
a shower of(一阵雨、大量倾泻):a shower of rain / stones / blessings(一阵雨/石头/祝福)
a spatter of(少量溅落):a spatter of rain / applause(一阵零星小雨/稀落的掌声)
a spell of(一段时间):a spell of fine weather / bad luck(一段好天气/厄运期)
a twinge of(一阵轻微的):a twinge of guilt / pain(一阵内疚/疼痛)
a ripple of(一阵轻微的波动):a ripple of laughter / excitement(一阵轻微的笑声/兴奋)
5. 表示“容器量” (用容器作为单位)
a cup of tea / coffee(一杯茶/咖啡)
a glass of water / milk / juice(一杯水/牛奶/果汁)
a bottle of wine / beer / water(一瓶葡萄酒/啤酒/水)
a bowl of rice / soup / noodles(一碗米饭/汤/面条)
a plate of food / sandwiches(一盘食物/三明治)
a basket of fruit(一篮子水果)
a bag of sweets / potatoes(一袋糖果/土豆)
a box of chocolates / matches(一盒巧克力/火柴)
a packet of cigarettes / biscuits(一包香烟/饼干) (英式常用)
6. 易错点与重点提醒
不可数名词必须用量词:不能说a news, 只能说a piece / an item of news(一条新闻)。不能说an advice, 只能说a piece / bit / word of advice(一条建议)。
可数名词复数前用量词表示“整体”:a box of apples(一箱苹果) - 强调整箱。
“a pair of” 后的名词通常用复数:a pair of shoes(一双鞋),a pair of glasses(一副眼镜)。但谓语动词通常用单数,因为强调的是“一双”、“一副”这个整体概念:This pair of shoes is new.
量词短语作主语时,动词单复数由量词本身决定:A bottle of water is on the table.(一瓶水在桌上)。Two bottles of water are on the table.(两瓶水在桌上)。
区分:
a cup of tea(一杯茶) vs.a teacup(茶杯 - 一个物品)
a piece of cake(一块蛋糕) vs.a cake(一个蛋糕 - 整个)
特殊复数:loaf->loaves:a loaf of bread(一个面包),two loaves of bread(两个面包)
Part 2: 真题演练
(2025·北京) 单项选择— What would you like to drink — I’d like ______.
two cup of coffees B. two cups of coffee C. two cup of coffee D. two coffees
答案:B。coffee是不可数名词,表示“两杯咖啡”需要用two cups of coffee。选项A、C结构错误(cup应为复数cups,coffee不可数不能加s)。选项D (two coffees) 在口语中有时指“两份咖啡(如两杯或两壶)”,但在正式语法中,尤其强调“杯”时,two cups of coffee更规范。
(2024·上海) 完成句子The children were excited and let out ______ (一阵笑声) when they saw the clown.
答案:a burst of laughter解析:表示“突然爆发出的笑声”,固定搭配用a burst of laughter。
3. (2023·广州) 语法填空We need ______ (一把剪刀) to cut the paper.
答案:a pair of scissors解析:“剪刀”是由两片刀刃组成的工具,英语中必须用a pair of scissors表示“一把”。
4. (2024·江苏) 单项选择There is only ______ bread left. Could you buy ______ from the supermarket A. a little; two loafs B. little; two loaves C. a little; two loaf D. little; two loafs
答案:B。第一空:bread不可数,little表示“几乎没有”(否定含义),a little表示“有一点”(肯定含义)。根据句意“只剩一点面包了”,用a little。第二空:loaf的复数形式是loaves,表示“两个面包”用two loaves (of bread)。选项A、C、D的loafs或loaf复数形式错误。
5. (2023·重庆) 句型转换He gave me some good advice. (改为同义句) He gave me ______ ______ ______ good advice.
答案:a piece of解析:advice是不可数名词。some good advice可以同义转换为a piece of good advice(一条好建议)。注意:虽然some可以修饰不可数名词,但这里要求用“量词+of”结构表达“一条”。
(2025·天津) 阅读理解选句填空 (选择正确的短语填入文中空白处)The sky was clear, and ______ moonlight fell on the quiet lake. (选项:A. a flood of B. a piece of C. a pair of D. a herd of)
答案:A解析:描述月光洒满湖面,用a flood of moonlight(一片月光)最恰当,形象地表达了月光如洪水般倾泻的景象。a piece of moonlight不符合月光的特性。
Part 3: 拓展练习 (巩固提升)
一、 单项选择
1.Would you like ______ I just made it. A. a cup tea B. a cup of tea C. a tea cup D. tea cup
答案:B
2.The farmer keeps ______ on his farm. A. a flock of sheeps B. a flock of sheep C. a herd of sheeps D. a herd of sheep
答案:D (注意:sheep单复数同形)
3.I need ______ to clean this dirty window. A. a bar of soap B. a piece of soap C. a slice of soap D. a cake of soap
答案:D (或 A,两者均可表示“一块肥皂”)
4.Hearing the funny story, the whole class burst into ______. A. a laughter B. burst of laughter C. a burst of laughter D. burst of laughs
答案:C
5.Can you pass me ______ I want to write something down. A. a piece of paper B. a paper C. a piece paper D. a piece of papers
答案:A (paper不可数)
二、 用所给量词的适当形式填空
1.We saw ______ (a school of) fish swimming near the coral reef.
2.He only ate ______ (a slice of) bread for breakfast.
3.Please add ______ (a pinch of) salt to the soup. It’s too bland.
4.There is ______ (a grain of) truth in what he said, but not much.
5.______ (A swarm of) locusts destroyed the crops last year.
6.She bought ______ (a new pair of) shoes for the party.
7.He showed ______ (a trace of) fear when he saw the snake.
8.______ (Two bottles of) milk are enough for the family breakfast.
9.The old man told us ______ (an item of) interesting news.
10.There was ______ (a thick layer of) snow on the ground this morning.
答案:
1.a school of 2. a slice of 3. a pinch of 4. a grain of 5. A swarm of
6.a new pair of 7. a trace of 8. Two bottles of 9. an item of 10. a thick layer of
三、 翻译句子 (注意量词使用)
1.桌子上有一瓶水和两个苹果。
答案:There is a bottle of water and two apples on the table.
2.他给了我一条非常有用的建议。
答案:He gave me a very useful piece of advice.
3.一群大象正在河边喝水。
答案:A herd of elephants is drinking water by the river.
4.请给我一片面包和一薄片火腿。
答案:Please give me a slice of bread and a thin slice of ham.
5.听到这个消息,她流下了眼泪。
答案:Hearing the news, she shed a flood of tears. (或 tears flowed down her cheeks)

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