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Unit 6　Disaster and hope
(主题语境类型：人与自然；话题：自然灾害及其防范和应对措施；话题涉及教材其他内容：选择性必修第二册 Unit 6 Survival)
根据汉语提示或所提供的单词完成语篇，核对答案并背诵，以此串联高中3000＋词！(黑体部分是本单元词汇)。
Every summer is a high time for natural 1. disasters (disaster), such as typhoons, 2. hurricanes (飓风), floods, heavy rains, landslides and so on. It has been 3. exceptionally (exceptional) hot in many cities this summer, with temperatures plus 38 degrees Celsius, and the heat 4. is forecast (forecast) to last for three weeks.
Many experts immediately gave 5. reliable (rely) explanations for the eruption of these extreme weather events. 6. It is announced that extreme weather 7. occurs (occur) mainly due to global warming, 8. which brings 9. great crisis (很大的危机) to people. pared (compare) to the heat, the heavy rain in Zhengzhou in the summer of 2021 seriously 11. threatened (threaten) people's lives and property. Thanks to the timely rescue of the government and citizens, many people were saved. 12. Otherwise (要不然), this emergency 13. would bring (bring) unimaginable harm to people.
14.In the face of natural disasters, we should take the following practical measures 15. to protect (protect) ourselves. Firstly, stay in the 16. shelter (庇护处) as much as possible. Secondly, make sure you have 17. sufficient food (充足的食物), water, and so on. Finally, be optimistic and brave, so that you can overcome the unacceptable things.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——我会认
1．tube n. 管子
2．plus adj. (用于数字后面表示)多，余
3．hurricane n． 飓风
4．landslide n． 山崩，滑坡
5．tsunami n． 海啸
6．typhoon n． 台风
7．blizzard n． 暴风雪
8．avalanche n． 雪崩
9．satellite n． 人造卫星
10．billion num. 十亿
11．lap n． (坐着时的)大腿部
12．helicopter n． 直升机
13．mosquito n． 蚊子
14．county n． (美国等国家的)县；(英国的)郡
15．property n． 所有物，资产，财产
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1. disaster n．灾难，灾祸
2. occur v．发生
3. forecast v．预测，预报
4. grab v．攫取，抓住
5. rescue v．营救，解救
6. emergency n．紧急情况，不测事件
7. claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)
8. crisis n．危机
9. nowhere adv.什么地方都不，无处
10. otherwise adv.否则，要不然
11. midnight n．子夜，午夜
12. sufficient adj.足够的，充足的
单词拼写
1．(2024·全国甲卷) You have to balance creating an ending that's unpredictable, but doesn't seem to come from nowhere (无处), one that fits what's right for the characters.
2．(2023·浙江卷) Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster (灾难).
3．(2022·浙江卷) Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis (危机)in the late 2000s.
4．(2022·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise (要不然) healthy.
5．I was really upset to find that such a thing should have occurred (发生) in your shop.
6．It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued (营救).
7．So far the earthquake has claimed (夺去) over 3，000 lives.
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1. erupt v．(火山)爆发，喷发→ eruption n．火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
2. immediately adv.即刻，马上prep.一……就→ immediate adj.立即的，立刻的
3. announcement n．通告，公告→ announce vt.宣布；通告→ announcer n．播音员；广播员
4. reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的→ rely vi.依靠；依赖
5. exceptionally adv.极其，非常→ except prep.除……之外 conj.除了，只是→ exception n．例外→ exceptional adj.非凡的；不同寻常的；杰出的
6. threaten v．威胁到，危及→ threat n．威胁，可能会带来危险的人(事)
7. precisely adv.精确地，准确地→ precise adj.精确的，准确的
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Being out of work is threatening . But the threat can urge the workers to work harder, which can make the workers more threatened ．(threat)
2．Nowadays we rely increasingly on computers for help so your software must be reliable ．(rely)
3．My brother is always exceptional . There aren't any boys going out to do that thing except him. He is totally an exception ．(except)
4．Enough lava erupted from the volcano and this eruption buried the entire village.(erupt)
5．Due to the seriousness of the problem, he took immediate measures immediately he arrived at his office.(immediate)
6．I am here to announce my retirement from the game of basketball. It won't be another announcement to baseball.(announce)
Ⅳ.重点短语——我牢记
1. have yet to 还没有
2. pick up 拾起，捡起，拿起；学会
3. make it to 到达……
4. look through 浏览
5. after all 毕竟，终究
6. all of a sudden 突然，猛地
7. come down 落下，降落
8. in the open air 在户外
9. look up 向上看；查阅
10. move on 前进
[语境活用]——选用上述短语填空
1．There is no need for you to feel sorry about it. After all ，it's not your fault.
2. Look through the test papers before they are handed in.
3．I was caught in the traffic jam and I was afraid I couldn't make it to the party on time.
4．On his way to the airport, it hit him all of a sudden that he had forgotten his passport.
5．The thieves broke into many houses while people in this village were celebrating the festival in the open air ．
1.“发生”词汇集锦
①arise v．发生；出现
②occur v．出现；发生
③happen v．(偶然)发生
④take place产生，发生
⑤come about产生，发生
⑥break out突然发生
2．“数字”拾零
①dozen十二；一打
②score二十
③hundred百
④thousand千
⑤million百万
⑥billion十亿
3．fore 前缀表示“预见的；前部的”
①forecast n．& v．预测，预报
②foresee v．预见，预知
③foretell v．预言，预测
④forehead n．前额
⑤foreword n．前言，序
⑥foresight n．先见之明，远见
1.When it hit the coast, huge tidal waves caused severe flood, costing the lives of up to 300，000 citizens．
当它袭击海岸时，巨大的海啸引起了严重的洪水，造成了多达30万市民死亡。
【考点凝练】现在分词短语作结果状语
2．I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off.
我正坐在房间里，我的猫斯玛蒂趴在我的大腿上，这时屋顶飞走了。
【考点凝练】be doing...when...
3．But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things.
但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。
【考点凝练】让步状语从句
[语境活用] ——经典句式仿写
1．如果没有这些自然产生的气体，太阳光线将会被反射回太空中去，使地球变得寒冷，并且不可能在上面生存。(现在分词短语作结果状语)
Without these naturally occurring gases, the sun's rays would bounce back into space leaving the Earth cold and impossible to live on .
2．他正在修他的自行车，这时他听到有东西正在靠近他。(be doing...when...)
He was repairing his bike when he heard something was approaching him.
3．不管是什么，结果都是对最纯正的中亚传统的精妙生动的描述。(whatever)
Whatever it is ， the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
核 心 词 汇
1．occur vi.发生；存在；出现；(想法)产生
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)Sometimes even routine occurrences (occur) become sources of pre anger，or anger itself.
(2)Now it occurred to him that his other important property is more important than a cow.
(3)We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred (occur) billions of years ago.
归纳拓展
·sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事
It occurs/occurred to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想起……
·occurrence n．出现；发生；事件
联想发散　表示“某人突然想起……”的句式还有：sth.strike/hit sb., sb.hit/strike on sth., e to sb.，e into one's mind等。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)It occurred to me that I should go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
→It occurred to me to go to attend a meeting when I was about to go home.
2．announcement n．通知，宣布
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2022·全国乙卷)First announced (announce)in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖).
(2)Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements (announce) on your social media.
(3)He announced to her the good news of his going abroad.
归纳拓展
(1)make an announcement下通知，宣布
(2)announce v．宣布，宣告，通知；声称；预示
announce sth.to sb.＝announce to sb.sth. 向某人宣布某事
It is announced that...据称，据宣布……
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)(普通表达)The government has announced plans to create 10，000 new jobs.
(高级表达) It has been announced that the government will plan to create 10，000 new jobs.(it作形式主语)
3．reliable adj.可信赖的，可依赖的，可靠的
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)Earthquakes can be destructive. Unfortunately, we don't have a reliable (rely) way to predict.
(2)To be honest, he is not a man who can be relied (rely) on.
(3)Many people now would rely on surfing (surf) the Internet rather than read newspaper for news.
(4)I rely on him for everything；he's my right arm.
归纳拓展
rely v. 依靠，依赖
rely on/upon 依靠，依赖
rely on/upon sb. ...to do/doing...依赖……做……
rely on/upon sb./sth. for sth. 在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
rely on it that...指望……，相信……
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)如今父母为他们的独生子女做了一切，这让孩子们严重依赖父母。(写作话题之家庭生活)
Nowadays parents have done everything for their only child, which makes the children rely on their parents badly ．
(6)你可以相信，你有困难时我会帮助你。
①You can rely on me to help you when you are in trouble.
②You can rely on it that I can help you when you are in trouble.
③You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble.
4．rescue v．& n．营救；拯救；救援
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)We often hear stories of animals rescuing (rescue) people when a disaster occurs.
(2)The little girl was rescued from a burning building.
(3)Many parents couldn't hold back their tears when a rescuer (rescue) carried a teenage girl out of the ruins.
归纳拓展
·rescue sb./sth.from sth.从……中营救……
go/come to one's rescue去/来救某人
·rescuer n．营救人员
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)The child who was rescued just now is being sent to the nearest hospital.
→The child rescued just now is being sent to the nearest hospital.(用非谓语动词改写)
(5)那个23岁女孩的尖叫声引来了一位路人前去营救。
The 23 year old girl's screams alerted a passer by who went to her rescue ．
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)David threatened to report (report)his neighbour immediately to the police if the damages were not paid.
(2)Rapid economic development threatens (threat) animal habitats.
(3)This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.
归纳拓展
·threaten sb. with...用……威胁某人
threaten to do sth.威胁要做某事
threaten that...威胁……
·a threat to sb./sth.对某人或某事的威胁
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)He was threatened by terrorists and didn't dare to vote for the president.
→ Threatened by terrorists ， he didn't dare to vote for the president.(过去分词短语作状语)
6．otherwise adv.否则，要不然；除此以外；以另外方式conj.否则，要不然
基础练习·一词多义
写出下列句子中otherwise的词性和汉语意思
(1)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Last year it recovered more than 807，500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. adv.否则
(2)I'm lucky that I like the atmosphere, otherwise I'd go mad. conj.否则
(3)The rent is a bit high，but otherwise the house is impressive. adv.除此以外
(4)I'm afraid the manager cannot see you now as he is otherwise occupied. adv.以另外方式
归纳拓展
otherwise常用于虚拟语气中。
however adv.然而
therefore adv.因此，所以
moreover/furthermore adv.而且
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)I was very busy at the time, otherwise I would have helped her ．
我当时太忙了，否则我就帮助她了。
(6)If you don't seize the chance，you will regret it.
→Seize the chance, otherwise/or you will regret it ．
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)I plan to make it in an admirable manner.
(2)Kate heard a man's voice in the background，but she couldn't make out what he was saying.
(3)What I want to tell you is that this class is precisely made up of 20 boys and 15 girls.
归纳拓展
make up编造，杜撰；组成，构成；化妆；补上；凑数；和好；占……
make up for 弥补；补偿
make out 辨认；弄清；理解
be made up of由……组成(构成)
be made of/from 由……制成
be made into 把……制成……
be made out of 由……制成
make it获得成功；约定时间；按时到达
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)我甚至还没来得及走到门口表达我的谢意，她就离开了。(读后续写之动作描写)
She left before I could even make it to the door to offer my thanks.
(5)据说，大约20名志愿者组成了那个队伍，我也想参加。(应用文之申请信)
It is said that about twenty volunteers made up that team and I want to join it.
重 点 句 型
　whatever引导让步状语从句
But Mom said that whatever happens，we should always try to see the good side of things.
但是妈妈说，无论发生什么，我们都应该总是努力看到事情好的一面。
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems are forgotten once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family.
(2)(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing.
(3) Whoever is kind enough and reliable can join in this rescue.
(4) Wherever the film star goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her.
归纳拓展
本句中whatever引导让步状语从句，其含义相当于no matter what，意为“不管什么，无论什么”，其位置可在主句前，也可在主句后。
·whatever，whoever, whichever, whomever 既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句。在引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
·whenever，wherever，however 引导让步状语从句时，相当于 no matter when/where/how。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)无论他做什么，他的父母都支持他。
① Whatever he did ，his parents supported him.(whatever)
② No matter what he did ，his parents supported him.(what)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Oil prices are forecast (forecast) to increase by less than 2% this year.
2．This is one of the worst natural disasters (disaster) ever to strike the area.
3．A thief grabbed (grab) her handbag as she was walking across the park.
4．The young man is an exceptionally (exceptional) talented player.
5．McGeechan has not recovered sufficiently (sufficient) to play in the semi final tomorrow.
6．A group of us were sheltering from the rain in the nearby store.
7．In an announcement (announce), the minister said that experts had known precisely (precise) the number of the infected people.
8．Now many species are threatened (threat) with extinction. As a result, some reliable (rely) measures should be taken to protect them.
9. Immediately (immediate) the rescuers (rescue) arrived at the flooded area, they got down to work.
10．It was the biggest eruption (erupt) of the volcano that had occurred (occur) in the past 30 years. It claimed (claim) hundreds of lives.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
一词多义练/熟词生义练
1．claim
A．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)　 B．声称，主张
C．要求，索取　D．获得，赢得
(1)It was claimed that many people were trapped in the mountain because of the landslide. B
(2)She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered. C
(3)The hurricane claimed more than 20 residents' lives. A
(4)In the English speech，the young man who claimed the first prize jumped with a thrill of joy. D
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)In my first P．E.class，the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball. 跑道的一圈
(2)When we arrived，we attempted to find a seat，but all the good seats had been grabbed． 抢占
(3)(2024· 新课标全国Ⅰ卷)The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's physical properties． 性质，特性
Ⅰ.话题微写作(运用单元知识，在真实任务情境中提高语言综合运用能力)
夏天即将来临，暴雨增多，积水增加，洪水泛滥。新华中学为了增加学生的安全自救常识，准备了一份关于暴风雨的安全知识宣传海报。请你根据以下提示拟定海报内容。
1．夏天快到了。 洪水等灾害可能会发生。 (disaster; occur)
Summer is drawing near. Some disasters like flood are likely to occur.
2．为了在洪水发生时确保您的安全，请记住以下几点。 (keep...in mind)
In order to keep you safe in case of flood, please keep the following in mind.
3．在洪水发生前，随时了解天气预报和安全公告。 (announcement)
Before a flood, keep yourself informed of the weather forecasts and safety announcements.
4．把雨衣或雨伞放在手边。准备足够的食物和急救用品。 (leave...on hand)
Leave your raincoat or umbrella on hand. Prepare enough food and first aid supplies.
5．如果洪水发生，应立即待在高处等待救援。(rescue; immediately)
If a flood happens, stay at a higher place and wait for rescue immediately.
6．抓住能浮在水面上的东西来自救。远离电。(catch)
Catch something that can float on the water to rescue yourself. Stay away from electricity.
7．多注意深水，避免在水中行走。 (pay attention to; avoid)
Pay more attention to the deep water and avoid walking in the water.
8．不要试图在大树下寻找遮蔽处。(shelter)
Do not try to find shelter under high trees.
9．不要喝洪水，因为不干净。(as引导原因状语从句)
Do not drink floodwater as it is not clean.
10．不要返回家中抢救个人财产。(祈使句)
Do not return home to rescue personal property.
[句式升级]
将第5 句用非谓语动词形式进行改写升级。
If a flood happens, stay at a higher place to wait for rescue immediately.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
Flood Safety Guidelines
Summer is drawing near. Some disasters like flood are likely to occur. In order to keep you safe in case of flood, please keep the following in mind：
Before a flood, keep yourself informed of the weather forecasts and safety announcements.
Leave your raincoat or umbrella on hand.
Prepare enough food and first aid supplies.
If a flood happens, stay at a higher place to wait for rescue immediately.
Catch something that can float on the water to rescue yourself.
Stay away from electricity.
Pay more attention to the deep water and avoid walking in the water.
Do not try to find shelter under high trees.
Do not drink floodwater as it is not clean.
Do not return home to rescue personal property.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
(一)积累常诵
动作描写之动“腿”
短语 shaky/trembling legs, tired legs, cross one's legs, drag one's heavy legs
句子 ①She crossed the finishing line on tired legs. ②He rose to his feet on shaky legs. ③I moved the chair away from the table so I could cross my legs.
(二)语段写作
第一步：按要求用与“leg”相关的表达和其他描写方式完成句子
1．他继续挣扎着向终点跑去，他嘴巴干涩，腿开始发抖。
He struggled to run towards the finishing line, with his mouth dry and his legs trembling ．(with复合结构)
2．他摔倒了，背部着地，双腿叉开。
He fell over, flat on his back with his legs wide ．(with复合结构)
3．他双腿颤抖地站了起来。
He rose to his feet on shaky legs ．(简单句)
4．他用他那疲惫的双腿越过了终点线。
He crossed the finishing line on tired legs ．(简单句)
5．他垂头丧气，拖着两条沉重的腿，疲惫不堪地回到了家。
With a sinking heart, he dragged his heavy legs back home ， tired out.
6．他回到家中，盘着腿，用拳头支着下巴，陷入沉思。
He returned home, crossed his legs and rested his chin on his fist, lost in deep thought.
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇
He struggled to run towards the finishing line, with his mouth dry and his legs trembling. All of a sudden, he fell over, flat on his back with his legs wide. He rose to his feet on shaky legs. He crossed the finishing line on tired legs. With a sinking heart, he dragged his heavy legs back home, tired out. He returned home, crossed his legs and rested his chin on his fist, lost in deep thought.
强化训练[18]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2024·浙江1月卷)
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。
1．What does the project aim to do
A．Conserve moisture in the soil.
B．Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C．Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D．Investigate chemical use in farming.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(飞机在有威胁的风暴中心播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。
2．Who are opposed to the project
A．Farmers in east central Alberta.
B．Managers of insurance companies.
C．Provincial government officials.
D．Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔省中东部的农民们担心，‘冰雹计划’飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷走。)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A。
3．Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A．To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B．To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C．To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D．To show the link between storms and moisture.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. ‘In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，’ Dr. Doswell says. ‘Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.’(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。‘1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，’多斯韦尔博士说。‘人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。’)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C。
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph
A．Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B．Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C．The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D．Cloud seeding companies will continue to exist.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行。)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D。
B
(2025·清远市一模)
On the shores of North Africa, ancient cities have stood for thousands of years. The columns of Carthage, in modern day Tunisia, are a reminder of the once busy Phoenician and Roman port, and along the coast in what's now Libya, lie the majestic ruins of Sabratha's Roman amphitheater (圆形剧场) close (perhaps too close) to the sea.
But extreme weather events and rising sea levels mean that both, and around 190 other amazing heritage sites that line Africa's coasts, will be at risk of severe flooding and erosion (侵蚀) more easily in the next 30 years, according to a recent study.
In this latest study, Nicholas Simpson of the University of Cape Town and his co workers mapped out a total of 284 heritage sites that are recognised or under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, in the 39 countries that comprise the African coast. They calculated the likely percentage area of a site exposed to a “once in a century” extreme coastal flooding event. “In the 1970s, what used to be a once in a 100 year event happened once in 100 years，” Simpson says, “ but what we're seeing is that a once in a 100 year event might be happening once in 10 years going forward when climate crisis is worsening.”
Sea levels have been rising at a faster rate over the past three decades compared the past century, the research says. It also found that 56 sites are currently in danger if a “once in a century” flood struck, and that by 2050, if greenhouse gas emissions continue, this number could increase to 198 sites.
According to the research, North Africa has the largest number of threatened sites—from the ancient ruins of North Sinai that stretch between the Suez Canal and Gaza, to Tipasa, an ancient Phoenician trading post in present day Algeria. Simpson feels apprehensive about this, hoping that identifying such heritage sites might “raise alarm bells for climate risk for heritage in Africa”.
The study notes that its findings will help prioritize at risk sites and highlight the need for immediate protective action. “There's an important message of loss and damage from climate change to heritage, which we hope will mobilize greater intent and action，” says Simpson.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究发现，由于极端天气事件和海平面上升，非洲海岸线附近的历史遗址面临严重的洪水和侵蚀的风险，但我们还可以采取行动拯救它们。
5．What makes it easier for the African heritage sites to suffer according to the text
A．Their locations.
B．Their structures.
C．Human destruction.
D．Their building materials.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段中“The columns of Carthage, in modern day Tunisia, are a reminder of the once busy Phoenician and Roman port, and along the coast in what's now Libya, lie the majestic ruins of Sabratha's Roman amphitheater (圆形剧场) close (perhaps too close) to the sea.(迦太基的圆柱，在今天的突尼斯，让人想起曾经繁忙的腓尼基和罗马港口，在现在的利比亚沿海，有萨布拉塔罗马圆形剧场的雄伟废墟，靠近大海(也许太近了)。)”以及第二段“But extreme weather events and rising sea levels mean that both, and around 190 other amazing heritage sites that line Africa's coasts, will be at risk of severe flooding and erosion (侵蚀) more easily in the next 30 years, according to a recent study.(但根据最近的一项研究，极端天气事件和海平面上升意味着这两个地方，以及非洲海岸沿线约190个其他令人惊叹的遗产，将在未来30年更容易遭受严重的洪水和侵蚀。)”可推知，它们的位置使得非洲遗产更容易遭受损失。故选A项。
6．What does the research focus on
A．The frequency in which climate crisis happens.
B．The current physical condition of the heritage sites.
C．The probability of natural threats to the heritage sites.
D．The previous influence of flooding on the heritage sites.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段“But extreme weather events and rising sea levels mean that both, and around 190 other amazing heritage sites that line Africa's coasts, will be at risk of severe flooding and erosion (侵蚀) more easily in the next 30 years, according to a recent study.(但根据最近的一项研究，极端天气事件和海平面上升意味着这两个地方，以及非洲海岸沿线约190个其他令人惊叹的遗产，将在未来30年更容易遭受严重的洪水和侵蚀。)”以及第三段中“In this latest study, Nicholas Simpson of the University of Cape Town and his co workers mapped out a total of 284 heritage sites that are recognised or under consideration by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, in the 39 countries that comprise the African coast. They calculated the likely percentage area of a site exposed to a “once in a century” extreme coastal flooding event.(在这项最新的研究中，开普敦大学的尼古拉斯·辛普森和他的同事们在构成非洲海岸的39个国家中，共绘制了284个被联合国教科文组织世界遗产中心认可或正在考虑的遗产地。他们计算了一个地点可能遭受“百年一遇”的极端沿海洪水事件的面积百分比。)”可知，研究的重点是遗产地受到自然威胁的可能性。故选C项。
7．What does the underlined word “apprehensive” in Paragraph 5 mean
A.Excited. B．Curious.
C．Concerned. D．Pleased.
解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线单词句子中“...hoping that identifying such heritage sites might ‘raise alarm bells for climate risk for heritage in Africa’．(他希望确定这样的遗产可能‘为非洲遗产的气候风险敲响警钟’。)”由此可知，辛普森对气候变化对遗产遗址的威胁感到担忧。故可猜测画线单词apprehensive为“担忧的”意思，结合选项C项Concerned“担心的，担忧的”意思一致。故选C项。
8．What does the author most probably talk about next
A．The success in repairing the sites.
B．Some measures to protect heritage.
C．Climate change damage to the sites.
D．The future of the African heritage.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“The study notes that its findings will help prioritize at risk sites and highlight the need for immediate protective action. ‘There's an important message of loss and damage from climate change to heritage, which we hope will mobilize greater intent and action，’ says Simpson.(该研究指出，它的发现将有助于优先考虑有风险的地点，并强调立即采取保护行动的必要性。辛普森说：‘气候变化对遗产造成的损失和破坏是一个重要的信息，我们希望这将调动更大的意愿和行动。’)”可推知，作者接下来最有可能谈论的是一些保护遗产的措施。故选B项。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·保定市期中)
Sarah had been planning her dream vacation to Italy for years. She had saved up, carefully planned her trip, and1. everything she needed. When she finally arrived in Rome, she was filled with 2. —until she discovered that her luggage (行李) had been lost in the process of being 3. . Panic set in as she realized that all her clothes, and carefully selected personal care items for the trip were 4. ．
With no choice but to wait for the airline to5. her bags, Sarah had to make do with the few items she had in her carry on. She 6. a simple set of clothes from a local shop and decided to go out and 7. the city, trying to make the best of the situation.
As she wandered through the narrow streets of Rome, something unexpected happened. Without the 8. of her luggage and all the material things she had brought, Sarah found herself more present in the 9. . She struck up 10. with locals, tried foods she might have 11. overlooked, and discovered hidden wonders that weren't on her plan.
By the time her 12. was finally delivered three days later, Sarah realized that losing it had been a 13. after all. The experience had taught her to let go of the need for everything to be perfect and to 14. the unexpected. Her trip turned out to be even more memorable than she had imagined, filled with unplanned adventures and meaningful 15. ．
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Sarah实现去意大利的梦想之旅的时候，自己的行李丢失，然而这个意外让她学会了放下对完美的要求，去迎接意想不到的事情。
1．A.forgotten　　　　B．packed
C．ordered D．displayed
解析：B　句意：她攒了钱，仔细计划了这次旅行，把她需要的一切都打包好了。A.forgotten忘记；B.packed打包；C.ordered命令；D.displayed陈列。根据上文的“Sarah had been planning her dream vacation to Italy for years.”可知，Sarah多年来一直计划着去意大利的梦想之旅，结合“She had saved up, carefully planned her trip”可知，此处指的是Sarah 应该是准备了旅行所需的东西，所以此处使用“打包”符合语境。故选B项。
2．A.boredom B．nervousness
C．regret D．excitement
解析：D　句意：当她终于到达罗马时，她充满了兴奋——直到她发现她的行李在运输过程中丢失了。A.boredom厌烦；B.nervousness紧张；C.regret后悔；D.excitement兴奋。根据上文的“Sarah had been planning her dream vacation to Italy for years.”可知，Sarah多年来一直计划着去意大利的梦想之旅，结合“When she finally arrived in Rome”可知，当到达罗马时应该是感到兴奋。故选D项。
3．A.removed B．claimed
C．checked D．transported
解析：D　句意：当她终于到达罗马时，她充满了兴奋——直到她发现她的行李在运输过程中丢失了。A.removed清除；B.claimed宣称；C.checked检查；D.transported运输。根据常理和上文的“until she discovered that her luggage (行李) had been lost in the process of being”可知，Sarah在到达罗马的时候，发现行李丢失，行李通常是在运输过程中丢失的。故选D项。
4．A.gone B．abandoned
C．stolen D．destroyed
解析：A　句意：当她意识到她所有的衣服和精心挑选的旅行个人护理用品都不见了时，她惊慌失措。A.gone丢失的；B.abandoned被抛弃的；C.stolen被偷的；D.destroyed被毁的。根据上文的“until she discovered that her luggage (行李) had been lost in the process of being 3 ．”可知，Sarah发现她的行李在运输过程中丢失了，由此可知，她所有的衣服和精心挑选的旅行个人护理用品应该是不见了。故选A项。
5．A.hide B．locate
C．repair D．revise
解析：B　句意：除了等待航空公司找到她的行李外，Sarah别无选择，她只能将就着随身携带的几件东西。A.hide隐藏；B.locate确定……的准确地点；C.repair修理；D.revise修正；修改。根据常识和下文的“With no choice but to wait for the airline”可知，当行李丢失时，通常需要等待航空公司寻找行李，除此别无选择。故选B项。
6．A.sorted through B．took out
C．picked up D．set aside
解析：C　句意：她从当地一家商店买了一套简单的衣服，决定出去探索这座城市，尽量充分利用这种情况。A.sorted through整理，筛选；B.took out扣除，排除；C.picked up买到；D.set aside抽出。根据语境以及下文的“a simple set of clothes from a local shop”可知，Sarah的行李丢失后，应该需要一些物品，所以从当地商店应该是买到一套简单的衣服。故选C项。
7．A.escape B．photograph
C．explore D．govern
解析：C　句意同上。A.escape逃脱；B.photograph拍摄；C.explore探索；D.govern统治。根据语境以及上文的“She 6 a simple set of clothes from a local shop and decided to go out”以及下文的“trying to make the best of the situation.”可知，Sarah来罗马旅行，所以此处买了一套简单衣服，决定充分利用当前的情况，去“探索”这个城市。故选C项。
8．A.distraction B.impression
C．weight D．memory
解析：A　句意：没有了行李和她带来的所有物质上的东西分心，Sarah发现更能享受当下的时光。A.distraction使人分心的事；B.impression印象；C.weight体重；D.memory记忆。根据上文的“Without”以及下文的“of her luggage and all the material things she had brought, Sarah found herself more present”可知，Sarah发现自己更能享受当下，由此可推断，行李和所有的物质上的东西此时成为了她分心的东西。故选A项。
9．A.direction B．dream
C．moment D．schedule
解析：C　句意同上。A.direction方向；B.dream梦想；C.moment时刻；D.schedule时刻表。根据语境和下文的“She struck up 10 with locals, tried foods she might have 11 overlooked, and discovered hidden wonders that weren't on her plan.”可知，Sarah与当地人交谈，品尝美食而且发现了很多计划中没有的隐藏的奇迹，由此可知，此处指的是Sarah现在更能享受当下的时光，present in the moment意为“专注于当下”符合语境。故选C项。
10．A.arguments B．conversations
C．speeches D．silences
解析：B　句意：她开始与当地人交谈，尝试她可能会忽略的食物，并发现了她没有计划的隐藏奇迹。A.arguments争论；B.conversations对话；C.speeches演讲；D.silences沉默。根据上文的“She struck up”以及下文的“with locals”可知，strike up意为“开始交谈”，所以此处指的是与当地人交谈。故选B项。
11．A.instead B．consequently
C．never D．otherwise
解析：D　句意同上。A.instead而不是；B.consequently因此；C.never决不；D.otherwise否则。根据语境以及上文的“She struck up 10 with locals, tried foods she might have”以及下文的“overlooked”可知，Sarah应该是庆幸自己的行李丢失，才有机会尽情享受当下时光，如果没有丢失行李，她可能会错过尝试某些食物的机会，所以此处为“否则，要不然”符合语境。故选D项。
12．A.passport B．brochure
C．map D．luggage
解析：D　句意：三天后，当她的行李终于送到时，Sarah意识到失去它毕竟是一件幸事。A.passport护照；B.brochure宣传册；C.map地图；D.luggage行李。根据上文的“When she finally arrived in Rome, she was filled with 2 —until she discovered that her luggage (行李) had been lost in the process of being 3 ．”可知，Sarah的行李在运输过程中丢失了，结合下文的“was finally delivered three days later”可知，此处指的是三天后，应该是她的行李被送回。故选D项。
13．A.disaster B．blessing
C．problem D．incident
解析：B　句意同上。A.disaster灾难；B.blessing幸事，福祉；C.problem问题；D.incident事件。根据上文的“She struck up 10 with locals, tried foods she might have 11 overlooked, and discovered hidden wonders that weren't on her plan.”可知，在Sarah的行李丢失的情况下，发现自己更能享受当下，由此可知，Sarah意识到丢失了行李是一件好事。故选B项。
14．A.welcome B．resist
C．ignore D．predict
解析：A　句意：这次经历教会了她放下对一切都要完美的要求，去迎接意想不到的事情。A.welcome欢迎；B.resist抵制；C.ignore忽视；D.predict预测。根据上文的“The experience had taught her to let go of the need for everything to be perfect”以及下文的“the unexpected.”可知，Sarah在这次经历中学会了放下一切都要完美的要求，由此可知，此处应指的是迎接意想不到的事情。故选A项。
15．A.communities B．relatives
C．connections D．conflicts
解析：C　句意：她的旅行比她想象的更令人难忘，充满了意外的冒险和有意义的联系。A.communities社区；B.relatives亲戚；C.connections联系；D.conflicts冲突。根据上文“Without the 8 of her luggage and all the material things she had brought, Sarah found herself more present in the 9 ”和下文“Her trip turned out to be even more memorable than she had imagined”可知，她实际的旅行经历比她计划的还令人难忘，结合“filled with unplanned adventures and meaningful”可知，此处指的是这次旅行充满了意外的冒险和有意义的联系。故选C项。
Ⅲ.读后续写
(2025·临沂一模)
Becky, a 12 year old girl, was deep in her math homework.Her father Bill asked her to help fix the gate of the stall(牛棚).“I couldn't come out and help, Daddy，” she responded, without even looking up.“I'll get extra marks if I do these equations(方程式).”
Frowning, Bill was concerned about Becky.She only loved numbers, showing little interest in other things.Bill hoped his daughter could enjoy animals and help on their farm.
“Wouldn't you like to win the blue ribbon competition with your very own calf (小牛) next year？” Bill refused to give up.In the competition, children show the calves they raise and the best calf with a large build, well developed muscles and strong legs would get the blue ribbon.
Becky listened without a word.“You know, raising a calf also requires mathematics, like calculating the expenses to maintain health and muscle development during growth，” Bill continued.
It seemed that something clicked with Becky, “It might be a perfect opportunity to show my math talents.” She then followed her dad into the stall.Bill pointed to a newborn calf.“Here she is! Tag 333.She will be the best calf！” Becky looked, and a smile brightened her face.“OK.I'll give it a try.”
In the following weeks, she started a journal of projected expenses—vaccinations, registration fees, vet bills, grain and hay.“She's finally getting interested in cattle，” Bill thought.But for Becky, the calf seemed more like a mathematical challenge than a living animal that would require care and love.
Winter came—the tough time for the calves.One morning, an extreme snowstorm hit.Calves! Bill and Becky hurried to the stall to check.All the calves were inside except Tag 333! Where was she They searched everywhere and finally found her a mile away from the stall.The little calf was lying still, covered in ice and snow.Her eyelids were sealed shut by glittering frost.“Is she dead？” Becky cried.Bill pressed his fingers against the calf's chest.“No.But we need to do something—fast，” he urged.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
They rushed the calf into the stall.
　　Time flying by, the judging day finally arrived.
【写作提示】
故事人物 比尔、贝基、一头小牛
故事梗概 贝基只喜欢数字，却对别的事物一点都不感兴趣，而她的爸爸比尔希望她能喜欢动物以及帮他做点农活。于是，比尔用一个比赛来吸引她，并建议用她的数学才能去挑战照顾一头小牛。于是贝基开始照顾小牛。冬天的一个早晨，暴风雪来临，贝基照顾的小牛被发现奄奄一息地躺在雪地里。
续写要点 第一段：1.描写父女二人帮助奄奄一息的小牛；2.小牛在贝基的照顾下茁壮成长。
第二段：1.描写比赛的盛况；2.比赛的结果及收获。
参考范文：
They rushed the calf into the stall.Bill quickly started a fire while Becky quickly fetched blankets and wrapped her, rubbing and holding her body gently.“Dad, she is moving！” Becky gave an excited shout.Then she fed a few drops of warm milk in the calf's mouth and the tiny jaws moved slightly.From then on, the first thing Becky did after school was to go to the stall to feed her.Day by day, Tag 333 became a strong calf with huge brown eyes, and a coat that shone like silk.“She'll be the champion in the competition！” Becky thought.
Time flying by, the judging day finally arrived.Flags, musicians, shouting children and bawling cattle added to the excitement at the county fair.The judge began checking each calf carefully, and then questioned its young owner, who tried hard to describe how good their calves looked like.Becky's turn came last.She recited all the numbers since Tag 333's birth she had clearly memorized.Pointing to Tag 333, the judge announced, “Ladies and gentlemen, my choice for first place is this one！” Holding the blue ribbon, Becky realized the experience of love and care is beyond what numbers can convey.

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