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Unit 6　Survival
(主题语境类型：人与自然；话题：人类生存、社会发展与环境的关系；话题涉及教材其他内容：必修第一册 Unit 6 At one with nature；必修第二册 Unit 6 Earth first；必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope；选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature；选择性必修第二册 Unit 5 A delicate world；选择性必修第四册 Unit 6 Space and beyond)
根据汉语提示或所提供的单词完成语篇，核对答案并背诵，以此串联高中3000＋词！(黑体部分是本单元词汇)。
In the 1980s, 1. crime rates (犯罪率) continued to rise. 2. Thieves (thief) were often found, the thefts indoors happened from time to time, and some serious cases were 3. terrifying (terrify). The 4. combination (combine) of 5. urban (城镇的) and rural areas was a high incidence area of crime. People were 6. greedy (greed) for a stable life and hoped that the government would take measures 7. to cope (cope) with this situation. The government responded to the needs of the masses in time, sent a large number of police forces, and used 8. advanced (advance) equipment to combat with criminals. 9. In the meantime (与此同时), many criminal gangs 10. were wiped (wipe) out and a large number of cases were 11. exposed (暴露) in the sunlight, effectively frightening those who had criminal intentions. The crime rate was 12. brought under control (使……处于控制之下)and the tumor harmful to society was eliminated. 13. It was estimated that at least 100，000 criminals were punished，14. which effectively purified the social environment. People reacted 15. strongly (strong) to it. Now people are living 16. a happy and safe life.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——我会认
1．fox n. 狐狸
2．urban adj. 城镇的，城市的
3．predator n. 掠食动物，捕食性动物
4．newcomer n. 新来者
5．flourish v. 生长茂盛，兴盛
6．lamb n. 羔羊肉
7．garlic n. (大)蒜
8．kit n. 成套工具
9．clay n. 黏土
10．cave n. 洞穴
11．indoors adv. 在室内
12．supplement v. 补充，增补，增加
13．eliminate v. 消除，根除
14．firefighter n. 消防队员
15．blaze n. 烈火，大火
16．Mars n. 火星
17．nuclear adj. 核武器的
18．unmanned adj. 无人驾驶(操纵)的
19．spacecraft n. 航天器，宇宙飞船
20．orbit v. 环绕……运行
21．agency n. 机构；(尤指政府内的)局，部，处
22．astronaut n. 宇航员，太空人
23．dust n. 沙土，尘土
24．capsule n. (航天器的)密封舱，太空舱
25．trunk n. 树干
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1. suburb n．郊区
2. thief n．小偷，贼
3. garbage n．垃圾
4. estimation v．估计； 估算
5. crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
6. fuel n．燃料
7. monthly adj.每月一次的
8. wipe v．擦， 拭， 揩
9. consist v．由……组成
10. infer v．推断，推定
单词拼写
1．(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷)Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage (垃圾) cans and avoiding single use plastic.
2．(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate (估计).
3．(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Seeking and accepting constructive feedback is crucial (至关重要的) to growth.
4．He had to pause from time to time to wipe (擦) the sweat from his forehead, because the air conditioning system broke down.
5．I would like to buy a flat in the suburb (郊区) and sell the one in the downtown, because I want to live near my mom.
6．Much of the meaning must be inferred (推断) from the context.
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1. crime n．罪；罪行→ criminal n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的
2. greedy adj.贪婪的；贪心的→ greed n．贪婪
3. commit v．犯(错误或罪行) → committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的→ commitment n．承诺；保证；委托；承担义务
4. container n．容器→ contain v．包含；容纳
5. appreciate v．欣赏；赏识→ appreciation n．感激；感谢；欣赏；鉴赏
6. restrict v．限制；控制→ restricted adj.受限制的→ restriction n．限制；约束
7. hiker n．徒步旅行者；远足者→ hike v．远足；徒步旅行
8. optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的→ optimism n．乐观；乐观主义→ optimist n. 乐观主义者
9. consumption n. (精力、油、电等的)消耗量→ consume vt.消耗；耗费；消费→ consumer n．消费者；顾客
10. fierce adj.恶劣的；极端的； 猛烈的；凶狠的→ fiercely adv.凶猛地； 激烈地
11. react v．(作出)反应→ reaction n．反应； 回应
12. advanced adj.高级的；先进的→ advance v．前进；促进；提前n.前进；进步
13. terrifying adj.极其可怕的；骇人听闻的→ terrify vt.使恐惧→ terrified adj.惊恐的→ terror n．惊恐；恐惧
14. expose v．使暴露(于险境) → exposure n.暴露
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．We make a strong commitment to developing staff who are committed to developing our business. (commit)
2．Mary's stepmother has a very fierce look on her face. She frequently treats Mary fiercely . (fierce)
3．Experts advise consumers not to buy more groceries until they've already been consumed ．This is called rational consumption . (consume)
4．I wanted to know how the students reacted to my words as well as your reaction ．(react)
5．With the help of the advanced technology, we can complete the task in advance . (advance)
6．When they saw the terrifying scene, everyone on the spot felt terrified and couldn't say a word. (terrify)
7．A criminal is a person who regularly commits crimes . (crime)
8．People with an appreciation of art and literature can appreciate works of art.(appreciate)
Ⅳ.重点短语——我牢记
1. take over 接管；掌管
2. under construction 在建设中
3. throw away 扔掉
4. figure out 弄清楚，弄明白
5. fit in with 适合；适应
6. get rid of 摆脱，除去
7. be responsible for 对……负责
8. cope with 应付
9. bring...under control 使……处于控制之下
10. wipe out 彻底摧毁，消灭
11. consist of 由……构成；由……组成
12. in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时
[语境活用]——选用上述短语填空
1．The owner needs to get rid of the car for financial reasons.
2．By and by you'll be able to figure out what sort of person he really is.
3．He tried to fit in with the others, but it was difficult.
4．The exhibition has 11 projects that have been built or are under construction in nine countries.
5．We'll get ourselves into trouble if we take over this business.
6．We are always ready to wipe out any enemy who dares to attack.
1.“无进行、无被动”短语小结
①consist of 由……构成
②belong to 属于
③take place 发生
④break out 爆发
⑤come about 发生
⑥break down 出故障
2．“估计”有这几个单词
①estimate v．估计，估算
②assess v．估计，估价
③value v．估价
④evaluate v．评价，评估
⑤judge v．估计，估算
⑥figure v．估计
⑦rate v．评价，评定
3．“动词＋out”短语汇总
①work out 想出；解出；锻炼
②carry out 实施；执行
③check out 结账后离开
④figure out 算出
⑤leave out 忽略；遗漏
⑥cut out 删去；剪去
1.Spotting the car with its window left open, the greedy thief didn't hesitate.
贪婪的窃贼在发现有辆车的车窗未关后，没有丝毫犹豫。
【考点凝练】现在分词短语作状语
2．However true this is, we also need to consider that some of these so called “urban animals” have never moved at all—it's we humans who have moved into their territory.
无论事实如何，我们必须得明白，在这些所谓的“城市动物”中，有一些根本就没有迁徙过——是我们人类搬到了它们的领域里。
【考点凝练】however引导让步状语从句
3．As our cities become greener，they offer increasingly appealing spaces to animals looking for new habitats.
随着我们的城市变得更加环保，他们为寻找新栖息地的动物们提供了越来越多有吸引力的空间。
【考点凝练】as引导时间状语从句
4．There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars, with dreams of making it our second home.
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二家园。
【考点凝练】There is no doubt that...
[语境活用] ——经典句式仿写
1．看到儿子没有做作业，这位父亲生气了。(现在分词短语作状语)
Seeing his son with his homework undone ，the father became angry.
2．无论你的父母多么富有，你都应该尽可能多地省钱。(however引导让步状语从句)
However rich your parents are ，you should save money as much as possible.
3．她在公园里散步时，听到一个女孩在唱歌。(as引导时间状语从句)
As she was walking in the park ，she heard a girl singing.
4．毫无疑问，他会出席会议。(There is no doubt that...)
There is no doubt that he will be present at the meeting.
核 心 词 汇
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)The cost to repair my car is estimated (estimate) at $800.
(2)Enlightened companies include its human resources in their estimation (estimate) of the firm's worth.
归纳拓展
·estimate sth. at...估算某物的价格为……，估计某物的数为……
be estimated to do估计做……
estimate that...估计……
It is estimated that...据估计……
·estimation n. (对水平、数量等的)估计；判断，评价
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(3)据估计，在100多年后，多达2，000种哺乳动物、鸟类和爬行动物将灭绝。
① It is estimated that as many as 2，000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct in over 100 years.
②As many as 2，000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles are estimated to become extinct in over 100 years.
2．appreciate v．欣赏；赏识；感激，感谢；理解；意识到
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)I appreciated being given (give) the opportunity to work in the suburb two years ago.
(2)I would appreciate it if you could deal with the difficult problem for me.
(3)Please accept this gift in appreciation (appreciate) of all you've done for us.
归纳拓展
·appreciate doing...欣赏/感激做……
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。
·appreciation n．欣赏；感激；理解
in appreciation of 欣赏；感激
注意：appreciate后不接不定式；其后只能接“事”作宾语，而不能接“人”作宾语；且其后不直接跟从句，需先接it，再接从句，类似用法的动词还有：like, enjoy，hate，love，take，have等。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)如果你考虑我的建议我将感激不尽，我的确希望你的论文对环境保护产生积极影响。(应用文之建议信)
I'd appreciate it if you could take my tips/suggestions/advice into account/consideration and I do hope that your paper will make a difference to environmental protection.
3．terrifying adj.令人恐惧的；极其可怕的；骇人听闻的
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1) Terrified (terrify)，Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.
(2)The greedy gunman's threats terrified her into handing over her money.
(3)After his terrifying (terrify) adventure，Mac felt relieved when he reached home safe to his loving family.
归纳拓展
·terrified adj.恐惧的；害怕的
be terrified of对……感到惊恐
be terrified at/by/with...被……吓了一跳
·terror n．惊恐；恐惧
in terror 惊慌地
·terrify vt.使恐惧；使惊吓
terrify sb.into doing...吓唬某人做……
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)她被眼前看到的东西吓了一跳。
① She was terrified at/by/with what she saw. (terrified)
② What she saw terrified her. (terrify)
4．consist v．由……组成；构成；在于；一致
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)We can infer that the new team consisting of ten people is very popular in this area.
(2)True wealth does not consist in what we have but in what we are.
(3)Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent (consist) basis.
归纳拓展
·consist of(＝be made up of，be composed of)由……组成
consist in(＝lie in)在于……；存在于……
consist with 和……一致
·consistent adj.一致的；连续的
be consistent with与……一致；符合
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)This report consists with what we have already known.
→This report is consistent with what we have already known.
(5)这个电影由两部分组成，介绍了我校的现状。
①The film, consisting of/made up of/composed of two parts，introduces the present situation of our school.(分词短语作定语)
②The film, which consists of/is made up of/is composed of two parts ，introduces the present situation of our school.(定语从句)
5．expose v．使暴露(于险境)；暴露；揭露；使曝光
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)Many people in China have limited exposure (expose) to English.
(2) Being exposed (expose) to the garbage for too long will be harmful to your health.
(3)The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off“switch” where the glow would fade when exposed (expose) to daylight.
归纳拓展
·expose sth./sb./oneself to...使某物/某人/某人自己暴露于……
·exposure n．暴露，显露
·exposed adj.无遮蔽的；无保护的
be exposed to暴露于；经受
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)As she was exposed to such loud music, the girl felt a little uncomfortable.(改为简单句)
→ Exposed to such loud music ，the girl felt a little uncomfortable.
(5)当孩子们面临困难情况时，他们更善于处理具有挑战性的情况。
When children are exposed to difficult situations ，they are better at handling challenging situations.
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
(2)Why couldn't he ever rid himself (he) of those thoughts，those worries
归纳拓展
·rid vt.摆脱；除去
rid...of...使……摆脱/除去……
·be rid of 摆脱
用法点拨：
rid...of...中，rid后的宾语是sb.或somewhere，摆脱或除掉的东西放在of后面。类似用法的短语还有：rob...of...，remind...of...，warn...of...，cure...of...，inform...of...。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(3)我已经改掉了不尊重他人的坏习惯。
①I have rid myself of the bad habit of showing no respect for others ．(rid v．)
②I have got rid of the bad habit of showing no respect for others ．(get rid of)
重 点 句 型
　There is no doubt that...
There is no doubt that humankind is drawn towards Mars，with dreams of making it our second home.
毫无疑问，人类被火星所吸引，梦想着把它作为我们的第二个家园。
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.
(2)You can phone Tom if you like.However, I doubt whether/if you will get him to come out on a late night.
(3)He says it's not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green，but he has no doubt about it.
归纳拓展
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……，这是一个常用句型，that引导的是同位语从句，用来说明doubt的具体内容。
·There is some doubt whether...……不太确定；不确定是否……
I have no doubt about sth./that...我确定/相信……
·I doubt whether/if...我怀疑是否……
I don't doubt that...我不怀疑……
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)他们是否能在比赛中获胜还有一些疑问。
There is some doubt whether they can win the competition ．
(5)我不怀疑这个计划很实用。
I don't doubt that this plan is practical ．
(6)毫无疑问，乒乓球被认为是中国的国球。
There is no doubt that ping pong is regarded as the National Ball Sport of China.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The laws have led to a reduction in fuel consumption (consume) in the US.
2．The greedy (greed) boy ate up all the food remaining on the table.
3．Ask the children to guess what's in each container (contain) by dipping their hands in.
4．My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic (optimism) about my future.
5．For the first two weeks patients are restricted to the grounds.
6．Having shown you around our school, we will introduce our most advanced (advance) science lab to you.
7．Some people think we shouldn't expose the children to playing (play) computer games.
8．She was possessed of a terrifying (terrify) sensation that she had committed (commit) a mistake which led to her failure.
9．It is estimated (estimate) that in the past 50 years around 80 percent of Beijing's courtyard houses have been wiped out ．
10．I'd appreciate it if you could help me to cope with the stresses and strains of the job.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
一词多义练/熟词生义练
1．advance
A．vt.提高，促进　B．vi.前进；向前移动
C．adj.预先的　D．n.进步
(1)The crazy man advanced towards us，shouting angrily. B
(2)By comparison，this new learning method advanced our career. A
(3)The last decade saw many advances in technology, and the next few years will see more. D
(4)Please give us advance warning of any changes. C
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Apparently, high salaries helped to fuel inflation. 刺激
(2)The doctor advised me to take a capsule this morning. 胶囊
Ⅰ.话题微写作(运用单元知识，在真实任务情境中提高语言综合运用能力)
假设昨天上午全校师生进行了一次地震逃生演练(a survival practice of escaping from an earthquake)。请你用英文写一篇短文介绍这次演练的情况。
1．昨天上午，我们学校给我们进行了一次地震逃生演练。(survival practice)
Yesterday morning, our school gave us a survival practice of escaping from an earthquake.
2．所有师生都参加了这次重要的活动。(vital)
All the teachers and students took part in the vital activity.
3．首先，我们的班主任再次告诉我们逃生的规则。(escape)
First of all, our class teacher told us the rules of escape again.
4．早上8点，准时开始。听到警报后，所有学生立即作出反应。(react)
It started on time at 8：00 a．m. Hearing the alarm, all the students reacted immediately.
5．所有学生都待在课桌下，用胳膊捂住头部。(stay; cover)
All the students stayed under the desks. They covered their heads with arms.
6．接下来，学生们一个接一个有序地跑出教室。(orderly)
Next, the students ran out of the classroom orderly one by one.
7．我们只花了两分钟就到达了操场。(take)
It took us only two minutes to get to the playground.
8．我们从这次活动中学到了如何应对地震。(cope with)
We learnt how to cope with an earthquake from the activity.
9．这对我们来说是一次至关重要的体验。(crucial)
This was a crucial experience for us.
[句式升级]
1．将第1句和第2句用 with复合结构进行改写升级。
Yesterday morning, our school gave us a survival practice of escaping from an earthquake with all the teachers and students taking part in the vital activity.
2．将第5句用非谓语动词进行改写升级。
All the students stayed under the desks, covering their heads with arms.
3．将第8句和第9句用定语从句进行改写升级。
We learnt how to cope with an earthquake from the activity, which was a crucial experience for us.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
Yesterday morning, our school gave us a survival practice of escaping from an earthquake with all the teachers and students taking part in the vital activity.
First of all, our class teacher told us the rules of escape again. It started on time at 8：00 a．m. Hearing the alarm, all the students reacted immediately. All the students stayed under the desks, covering their heads with arms. Next, the students ran out of the classroom orderly one by one. It took us only two minutes to get to the playground.
We learnt how to cope with an earthquake from the activity, which was a crucial experience for us.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
(一)积累常诵
动作描写之“哭泣”(三)
短语 make sb. cry, break down, cry bitterly, a good long cry
句子 ①Joe's eyes were watering from the smoke that filled the room. ②Cecil came around later, crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him. ③ I left quickly, not wanting to break down in front of the children. ④ There was a lump in my throat and I didn't speak because I knew I would cry.
(二)语段写作
第一步：用表示“哭泣”的表达完成句子
1．汤姆捉弄我，把我弄哭了。我的两只眼睛哭得又红又肿。
Tom played a trick on me, which made me cry . My eyes were all red and swollen from crying . (定语从句＋简单句)
2．我羞愧难忍，关了电视，自己哭着哭着就睡着了。
Ashamed, I turned off the television and cried myself to sleep . (简单句)
3．汤姆后来来了，哭得很伤心，请求我原谅他。
Tom came later, crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him . (分词作状语)
4．他满脸泪水，浑身颤抖。
His face was wet with tears and he was trembling. (简单句)
5．我哽咽了，我觉得我要哭了。
There was a lump in my throat and I felt I would cry . (简单句)
6．我低声说，“伤心地哭也没用，你不能取笑我。”
I whispered, “ It's no use crying bitterly . You can't make fun of me.” (简单句)
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇
Tom played a trick on me, which made me cry. My eyes were all red and swollen from crying. Ashamed, I turned off the television and cried myself to sleep. Tom came later, crying his eyes out and asking me to forgive him. His face was wet with tears and he was trembling. However, there was a lump in my throat and I felt I would cry. I whispered, “It's no use crying bitterly. You can't make fun of me.”
强化训练[30]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·保定市期中)
Maslow said, “If you have a hammer...then everything you'll see is a nail.” Basically, when we acquire or are given a specific tool or skill, we tend to be influenced by its function and usefulness—leading us to see opportunities to use that tool or skill everywhere. This creates a tendency that limits creative problem solving by making us rely too much on what we know, even when it's no longer useful.
In 1949, Wagner Dodge led the Smoke Jumpers, a first class firefighting team, to battle a wildfire in Montana. The conditions quickly worsened as strong winds and intense heat turned the fire into a deadly force, making a safe withdrawal the only option. Dodge realized that the heavily equipped team couldn't outrun the fire, so he made a quick, unconventional decision.
With flames closing in, Dodge ordered his team to drop their heavy equipment to escape faster. But the crew seemed unable or unwilling to follow his lead. After all, they needed their tools to fight fire, didn't they
Dodge then did something so unexpected that his crew thought he'd lost his mind. He took out his matches and began to set fire to the grass in front of him, causing a second fire to spring up. As this technique was something that occurred to Dodge on the spot and not something taught in training, the crew didn't seem to understand what he was doing and no one followed him. They continued to flee from the fire, which was closing in at an estimated 30 miles per hour.
After what must have seemed an eternity but was in reality just a couple of minutes, Dodge, despite some injuries from the fresh ashes, survived by lying in the newly burnt area, but 13 of his men tragically died, unable to let go of their tools and trust Dodge's desperate, life saving strategy.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了道奇在野火中没有过于依赖工具，最终及时逃生，而过度依赖工具的队员却不幸遇难。
1．Why does the author mention Maslow's quote about the hammer and nail
A．To show that tools are essential in all problem solving situations.
B．To explain how people become overly reliant on familiar tools and methods.
C．To emphasize the importance of good training for a dangerous situation.
D．To suggest that the right tools could have saved Dodge's crew.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段“Maslow said, ‘If you have a hammer... then everything you'll see is a nail.’ Basically, when we acquire or are given a specific tool or skill, we tend to be influenced by its function and usefulness—leading us to see opportunities to use that tool or skill everywhere. This creates a tendency that limits creative problem solving by making us rely too much on what we know, even when it's no longer useful. (马斯洛说：‘如果你有一把锤子……然后你看到的一切都是钉子。’基本上，当我们获得或被给予一种特定的工具或技能时，我们往往会受到其功能和有用性的影响，从而使我们看到在任何地方使用该工具或技能的机会。这就产生了一种倾向，使我们过于依赖我们所知道的东西，即使这些东西不再有用，也会限制创造性的问题解决。)”可知，作者提到马斯洛关于锤子和钉子的引言是为了解释人们是如何过度依赖熟悉的工具和方法的。故选B。
2．What was Dodge's unusual decision after assessing the speed of the fire
A．He wanted to be the only one to withdraw safely.
B．He approached the flames with little equipment.
C．He ordered his crew to drop the fire fighting equipment.
D.He provided his crew with unconventional equipment.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“Dodge realized that the heavily equipped team couldn't outrun the fire, so he made a quick, unconventional decision. (道奇意识到这支装备精良的队伍无法逃离大火，所以他做出了一个迅速而非常规的决定。)”以及第三段中“With flames closing in, Dodge ordered his team to drop their heavy equipment to escape faster. (随着火焰逼近，道奇命令他的小队放下重型装备，以便更快地逃生。)”可知，道奇在评估了火势的速度后，他做出的不寻常的决定是命令队员扔掉消防设备。故选C。
3．Why did Dodge's crew fail to follow his lead of causing a second fire
A．They didn't trust him because he had lost their respect earlier.
B．They were too tired to comprehend Dodge's instructions.
C．The fire did not spread as quickly as they had anticipated.
D．They couldn't grasp his new approach as it wasn't part of their training.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段中“But the crew seemed unable or unwilling to follow his lead. After all, they needed their tools to fight fire, didn't they (但队员们似乎不能或不愿听从他的指挥。毕竟，他们需要工具来灭火，不是吗？)”和第四段“Dodge then did something so unexpected that his crew thought he'd lost his mind. He took out his matches and began to set fire to the grass in front of him, causing a second fire to spring up. As this technique was something that occurred to Dodge on the spot and not something taught in training, the crew didn't seem to understand what he was doing and no one followed him. (然后道奇做了一件意想不到的事，他的队员们都以为他疯了。他拿出火柴，开始在他面前的草地上点火，引起了第二场大火。由于这个技巧是道奇当场想到的，而不是训练中教的，所以队员似乎不明白他在做什么，也没有人跟着他。)”可知，道奇的队员没有跟随的原因是他们无法理解道奇的新方法，因为这不是他们训练中教的内容。故选D。
4．What does the underlined word “eternity” mean in the last paragraph
A．A moment of intense relief.
B．A sense of endlessness.
C．A very short period of time.
D．A lifelong memory of the event.
解析：B　词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“...but was in reality just a couple of minutes, Dodge, despite some injuries from the fresh ashes, survived by lying in the newly burnt area, but 13 of his men tragically died, unable to let go of their tools and trust Dodge's desperate, life saving strategy. (但实际上只有几分钟，尽管道奇被新燃烧的灰烬弄伤了一些，但他躺在新燃烧的地方幸存了下来，但他的13名手下不幸丧生，他们无法放下自己的工具，也无法相信道奇不顾一切的救命策略。)”可知，这段危险时期看似漫长但实际上只有几分钟的时间，所以此处eternity指的是“漫长的时间”，即“一种无尽的感觉”A.A moment of intense relief一瞬间的巨大解脱；B.A sense of endlessness无尽的感觉；C.A very short period of time很短的时间；D.A lifelong memory of the event对事件的终生记忆。故选B。
B
(2025·石家庄市质量摸底)
As more and more species near extinction, scientists have been collecting samples from animals, plants and other creatures and storing them in biobanks across the globe. But climate change, environmental disasters and wars threaten these modern Noah's arks. Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an out of this world solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon.
A biobank in a permanently shadowed region at the moon's south pole could be far more stable than those on Earth. This part of the moon usually remains around －196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells long term, marine biologist Mary Hagedorn and colleagues report in BioScience.
Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan. A different team has proposed building a lunar ark in lava (熔岩) tubes that run beneath the moon's surface. But that design requires a solar powered cooling system; any loss of power and the samples would be destroyed. In the moon's forever frozen shadowed regions, a lunar vault wouldn't need energy or constant human maintenance, Hagedorn's team says.
Given the shadowy south pole's low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store “one of the most powerful cells that we have today”—fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, “and then those stem cells can be used for cloning，” she says. The cells could be valuable for regenerating populations of threatened or extinct species and for building ecosystems in future human settlements on the moon or Mars.
The proposal has its share of barriers. For instance, the moon's permanently dark regions aren't free from temperature swings, says lunar scientist Benjamin Greenhagen of the Johns Hopkins University. “They are still cold but perhaps not always cold enough for this project without some level of temperature management.”
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。
5．Why is the moon an ideal place for the biobank
A．It's not affected by wars.
B．It's not environmentally polluted.
C．It has proper temperatures.
D．It has rich resources for research.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“This part of the moon usually remains around －196° Celsius, perfect for storing most animal cells long term(月球的这一部分通常保持在零下196摄氏度左右，非常适合长期储存大多数动物细胞)”可知，月球温度适宜，是建立生物库的理想之地。故选C。
6．What led to Hagedorn's proposal of a lunar biobank
A．The solar powered cooling system.
B．The lava tubes on the moon's surface.
C．The problem facing the Norway Vault.
D．The discovery of ice on the lunar pole.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Hagedorn and colleagues drew inspiration from the Svalbard Global Seed Vault in Norway which takes advantage of below zero Arctic temperatures to preserve millions of seeds from around the world. In 2017, melting (融化) frozen soil threatened to flood the vault, highlighting the need for a backup plan.(Hagedorn和他的同事们从挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库获得了灵感，该种子库利用北极零下的温度保存了来自世界各地的数百万颗种子。2017年，融化的冻土有可能淹没了种子库，这凸显了后备计划的必要性。)”可知，挪威的斯瓦尔巴全球种子库面临的问题致使Hagedorn提出建立一个月球生物库。故选C。
7．What can scientists use fibroblasts to do
A．Form stem cells for cloning.
B．Explore moon soil conditions.
C．Help land humans on the moon.
D．Improve the eco system of the earth.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第四段中“Given the shadowy south pole's low temperatures, Hagedorn says, a vault there could store ‘one of the most powerful cells that we have today’—fibroblasts. Scientists can transform these animal cells into stem cells, ‘and then those stem cells can be used for cloning，’ she says.(Hagedorn说，鉴于南极阴暗地区的低温，那里的一个储藏室可以储存‘我们今天拥有的最强大的细胞之一’——成纤维细胞。科学家们可以将这些动物细胞转化为干细胞，‘然后这些干细胞可以用于克隆，’她说。)”可知，成纤维细胞可以转化为干细胞用于克隆。故选A。
8．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Lunar Exploration: The Next Frontier for Cloning
B．Relieving Climate Change: The Moon Biobank Project
C．The Moon as a Backup: A New Solution for Seed Storage
D.Building Biobanks on the Moon: A Proposal to Save Biodiversity
解析：D　主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Now, a team of researchers is brainstorming an out of this world solution: building one of these vaults (库) on the moon.(现在，一组研究人员正在集思广益，想出一个天外飞行的解决方案：在月球上建造一个这样的储藏库。)”可知，文章主要讲述随着气候变化和人类活动对地球的威胁日益加剧，科学家们提议在月球上建立一个生物库，以保护地球上濒危物种。D项“在月球上建立生物库：拯救生物多样性的建议”为最佳标题。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2024·河南许昌市高三监测)
Joe Boyers, a helicopter pilot, was driving home from the Nashville airport when he received a call. The caller told Boyers her brother was 1. by rising floodwaters on their roof in Waverly. 2. ， the caller had googled (在谷歌上搜索) “Nashville helicopters” and Boyers' company was the first to 3. . So she called in.
Boyers knew he would go back up. He put the brother's 4. into his phone, and then he drove back to the 5. . Soon, he was in the air.
The flooding, which eventually 6. 20 lives, had already knocked out power and 7. cell phone service, meaning Boyers couldn't use his phone to 8. the house he was looking for. He flew on anyway to search for people. A teen was found, wet and 9. ， holding on to a tree branch. Since there was no place for Boyers to 10. ， he lowered the helicopter and a rescued man 11. out and waded (蹚水) to the tree to help the teen. After Boyers 12. the teen on a street, he was back in the air.
When 13. rescue helicopters showed up, he was almost out of 14. after rescuing 17 people. As for the woman who 15. contacted Boyers, she called back to say that her brother had also been saved.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了博耶斯开直升机在洪灾中勇于救人的故事。
1．A.injured　　　　　 B．warned
C．driven D．trapped
解析：D　句意：打电话的人告诉博耶斯，她的哥哥被不断上涨的洪水困在了韦弗利的屋顶上。A. injured受伤；B. warned警告；C. driven驱使；D. trapped困住。根据“by rising floodwaters (被不断上涨的洪水)”可知，她的哥哥被不断上涨的洪水困在了韦弗利的屋顶上。故选D。
2．A.Desperate B．Astonished
C．Cautious D．Hesitant
解析：A　句意：感到非常绝望，打电话的人在谷歌上搜索了“纳什维尔直升机”，博耶斯的公司第一个出现了。A. Desperate不顾一切的，拼命的，绝望的；B.Astonished十分震惊的；C.Cautious谨慎的；D.Hesitant 犹豫的，不愿的。根据上文“The caller told Boyers her brother was 1 by rising floodwaters on their roof in Waverly. (打电话的人告诉博耶斯，她的哥哥被不断上涨的洪水困在了韦弗利的屋顶上。)”可知，这种情况是非常让人绝望的。故选A。
3．A.act B．respond
C．appear D．contact
解析：C　句意：同上。A.act行动；B.respond回答，回应；C.appear出现；D.contact联系。根据“So she called in.(于是她打电话来。)”可知，打电话者在谷歌上搜索了“纳什维尔直升机”，博耶斯的公司第一个出现的，所以才打电话请求救援。故选C。
4．A.name B．address
C．requirement D．number
解析：B　句意：他把她哥哥的地址存进了手机，然后开车回了机场。A.name名字；B.address地址；C.requirement要求；D.number数字。根据“meaning Boyers couldn't use his phone to 8 the house he was looking for (这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子)”可知，他把她哥哥的地址存进了手机。故选B。
5．A.airport B．street
C．roof D．company
解析：A　句意：同上。A. airport机场；B. street街道；C. roof屋顶；D. company公司。根据上文“Joe Boyers, a helicopter pilot, was driving home from the Nashville airport when he received a call. (直升机飞行员乔·博耶斯在从纳什维尔机场开车回家的路上接到了一个电话。)”可知，他开车回了机场。故选A。
6．A.sustained B．identified
C．claimed D．transformed
解析：C　句意：这场洪水最终夺走了20条生命，已经导致电力中断，手机服务受损，这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子。A.sustained维持，保持；B.identified鉴定；辨认；C.claimed宣称，声称，使丧生；D.transformed转变。根据本句“had already knocked out power and 7 cell phone service (已经导致电力中断，手机服务受损)”可知，洪水很凶猛，导致20人失去了生命。故选C。
7．A.damaged B．shifted
C．delayed D．deserted
解析：A　句意：同上。A.damaged损害，伤害；B.shifted转移；C.delayed推迟；D.deserted离弃，舍弃。根据本句“meaning Boyers couldn't use his phone to 8 the house he was looking for(这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子)”可知，手机服务受损，无法用手机定位他正在寻找的房子。故选A。
8．A.occupy B．relate
C．reserve D．locate
解析：D　句意：同上。A.occupy占据；B.relate联系；C.reserve 预订，保留，预留；D.locate确定……的位置，探明。根据上文“The flooding, which eventually 6 20 lives, had already knocked out power and 7 cell phone service (这场洪水最终夺走了20条生命，已经导致电力中断，手机服务受损)”可知，这意味着博耶斯无法用他的手机定位他正在寻找的房子。故选D。
9．A.ashamed B．puzzled
C．exhausted D．embarrassed
解析：C　句意：一名少年被发现，浑身湿透，疲惫不堪，抓着一根树枝。A.ashamed感到羞耻的；B.puzzled 困惑的，迷惑不解的；C.exhausted筋疲力尽的；D.embarrassed尴尬的，窘迫的。根据本句“holding on to a tree branch (抓着一根树枝)”可知，这名少年在洪灾时，紧抓着一根树枝，非常疲惫。故选C。
10．A.pilot B．check
C．slide D．land
解析：D　句意：由于没有地方让博耶斯降落，他降低直升机，一名救援的男子跳出来，蹚水到树上帮助这个少年。A.pilot驾驶(飞行器)，领航；B.check检查，核对；C.slide滑行，滑动；D.land着陆，降落。根据后句“he lowered the helicopter and a rescued man 11 out and waded(蹚水) to the tree to help the teen. (他降低直升机，一名救援的男子跳出来，蹚水到树上帮助这个少年。)”可知，飞机没有地方可以降落。故选D。
11．A.cried B．jumped
C．stood D．walked
解析：B　句意：同上。A.cried哭；B.jumped跳；C.stood 站立；D.walked走路。根据“Since there was no place for Boyers to 10 (由于没有地方让博耶斯降落)”可知，他降低直升机，一名救援的男子跳出来来营救男孩。故选B。
12．A.put up B．dropped off
C．calmed down D．took over
解析：B　句意：博耶斯把这个少年送到街上后，他又回到了空中。A.put up搭建，建造；B.dropped off送到，送达；C.calmed down冷静下来；D.took over接管，控制。根据“the teen on a street (把这个少年送到街上)”可知，是把少年送到街上。故选B。
13．A.personal B．civilian
C．professional D．medical
解析：C　句意：当专业的救援直升机出现时，他在救了17个人之后几乎没有燃料了。A.personal个人的，私人的；B.civilian平民的，民用的；C.professional 职业的，专业的；D.medical医学的，医疗的。根据“rescue helicopters showed up (救援直升机出现)”可知，救援直升机是很专业的。故选C。
14．A.order B.sight
C．control D．fuel
解析：D　句意：同上。A.order命令，指示；B.sight视力，视觉；C.control控制；D.fuel燃料，燃烧剂。根据本句“after rescuing 17 people (在救了17个人之后)”可知，在营救了17个人之后，飞机的燃料消耗殆尽。故选D。
15．A.originally B．accidentally
C．accurately D．immediately
解析：A　句意：至于最初联系博耶斯的那个女人，她回电话说她的哥哥也得救了。A.originally起初，原来；B.accidentally意外地，偶然地；C.accurately精确地，准确地；D.immediately立即，马上。根据上文“ 2 ， the caller had googled(在谷歌搜) ‘Nashville helicopters' and Boyers' company was the first to 3 . So she called in. (感到非常绝望，打电话的人在谷歌上搜索了‘纳什维尔直升机’，博耶斯的公司第一个出现了。所以她打电话来。)”可知，是最初联系博耶斯的那个女人打来电话。故选A。
Ⅲ.读后读写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·深圳调测)
In our weekly staff meeting, our editor Ashley was not pleased with the quality of our reporting.“Our readership is way down.We need better stories for this Thursday's school newspaper.Does anybody have any ideas？” she said.
I handed her my article about our basketball team beating Deerfield High School the previous night by one point.“Sports stories are fun，” she said, “but not good enough for the front page.We need something to really get people's attention.”
After our meeting, we left the newsroom together and heard someone screaming, “Perry is missing！” Perry was a big red parrot and had been our school mascot(吉祥物) for ten years.He played an important role in students' lives, both in and out of class.He had also been a constant presence at school events, inspiring a sense of unity among students.
Everyone gathered around Perry's empty cage, heartbroken.Suddenly, a student from the crowd came over and showed me a photo.“You're a reporter for the school paper, right I happened to take this yesterday，” he said.In the photo was a Deerfield High School basketball player with something large hidden under his shirt around the size of a parrot.
“He must have stolen Perry to get back at us for winning the game！” Ashley cried.We hurried back to the newsroom, agreeing to run the photo on the front page with the headline “Deerfield Stole Perry”．“This is just the story we need.Everyone will read it，” Ashley said confidently.
After she left, I took a closer look at the photo.The clock in the background read 4：15 p．m., but our game against Deerfield hadn't started until 4：30 p．m.Why would the boy have taken Perry before we even played An uneasy feeling came over me that we might have falsely accused someone.
I went to Perry's usual caretaker to ask if he knew Perry was missing.“He's not missing.He's retired.He's ready for some quieter days，” he said.Learning the truth, I immediately told Ashley and suggested writing a story to say goodbye to Perry.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
To my surprise, Ashley insisted on reporting the “Deerfield Stole Perry” story.
　　On Thursday, the paper came out with the headline “Bye Bye, Perry” on the front page.
【写作提示】
故事人物 作者、主编阿什莉、鹦鹉佩里
故事梗概 校报读者数量下降，主编阿什莉和作者等人讨论周四校报内容。阿什莉想要一篇可以获得人们关注的头版文章。会后，有人发现学校的吉祥物红色鹦鹉佩里丢失，有人递给作者一张佩里丢失前一天拍到的照片，照片中有在篮球赛中输给作者学校的迪尔菲尔德高中的校篮球队员，作者等人开始误以为是输了篮球赛的迪尔菲尔德高中偷了鹦鹉，打算写一篇名为 “Deerfield Stole Perry”的报道，在头版刊登。后来作者经过询问得知真相——鹦鹉要退休了，并不是被偷，于是作者提议写一篇与鹦鹉告别的报道。
续写要点 第一段：描写作者如何说服阿什莉放弃不实报道，改为报道与鹦鹉告别。 第二段：1.描写关于与鹦鹉告别的报道取得成功；2.描写作者对这次报道成功的感悟。
参考范文：
To my surprise, Ashley insisted on reporting the “Deerfield Stole Perry” story.“This is the very story we need to attract more readers，” she argued.To convince her, I defended that if we wrote this article, we would be telling a lie.Noticing her hesitant expression, I further explained the potential harm it would cause to the player and our paper's reputation.After some discussion, Ashley finally gave in，“OK, let's try with real stories.” Then I went to gather all the necessary information to write an article about Perry and the precious memories we shared over the years.
On Thursday, the paper came out with the headline “Bye Bye, Perry” on the front page.Soon, it sparked heated discussions among students about Perry.Many were disappointed with Perry's sudden departure, but were comforted by the fact that he was in good care.Some students even requested that they share their stories of him in our paper! Seeing the story's success, Ashley came to me and said sincerely, “You are right! It's a good story.” Her words brought me a great sense of fulfillment.Indeed, true stories might not always draw attention, but they have the power to touch and connect people.

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