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Unit 3　War and peace
(主题语境类型：人与社会；话题：重大政治、历史事件，文化渊源；话题涉及教材其他内容：无)
根据汉语提示或所提供的单词完成语篇，核对答案并背诵，以此串联高中3000＋词！(黑体部分是本单元词汇)。
A 90 year old man 1. barely (bare) recalled what had happened before his town 2. was liberated (liberate).
One day, German troops in Nazi 3. uniforms (制服) suddenly emerged in his town. Their objective was 4. to create (create) a 5. friction (摩擦), do violence to people there and control the town. 6. Faced (face) with invasion, different 7. representatives (代表), such as academic groups and other walks of life, gathered together and decided to take action to fight 8. against the violent German rule. Then, large 9. sums (sum) of money were raised in secret to 10. buy weapons (购买武器)，tanks, grain and 11. relevant (relevance)things. These would add to the 12. stability (stable) for success of the battle. After several months' hard struggle, the German positions 13. were bombed (bomb) and they had to give in. Finally people got freedom and peace. How happy they were!
Every year people in the town hold 14. a memorial ceremony to remember those 15. who lost their lives in the war and 16. their (they) outstanding acts of courage.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——我会认
1．troop n． 部队；军队
2．tide n． 潮水
3．supreme adj. 最高的
4．coastline n． 海岸线
5．horror n． 令人惊恐的事；惊恐
6．drown v． (使)淹死
7．tank n. 坦克
8．solemn adj. 严肃的，庄重的
9．weary v． (使)非常疲倦
10．condemn v． 迫使(某人)处于不幸的境地
11．friction n. 冲突，摩擦
12．disarm v． 解除武装
13．weapon n. 武器，兵器
14．aggression n. 侵略
15．bomb v. 轰炸
16．intellectual adj. 智力的，脑力的
17．associated adj. 联合的
18．sardine n． 沙丁鱼
19．disrupt v． 扰乱
20．invader n. 侵略者，侵略军
21．depict v． 描述，描写
22．peer n． 同龄人；同辈
23．misty adj. 多雾的
24．breeze n． 微风
25．anniversary n. 周年纪念日
26．reaffirm v． 重申，再次确定
27．collective adj. 集体的；共同的
28．blueprint n． 蓝图
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1. objective n．目的，目标
2. recall v．回想，回忆起
3. outstanding adj.杰出的，优秀的
4. uniform n．制服
5. academic adj.学术的
6. representative n．代表
7. sum n．金额，款项
8. grain n．谷物，粮食
9. relevant adj. 有关的，切题的
单词拼写
1．(2022·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain (粮食)，” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month's cover story.
2．Here are some moving stories of these outstanding (杰出的) people in the battle against the epidemic.
3．Setting practical objectives (目标) allows you to shorten the distance between what you are and what you want to be.
4．Henderson recalled (回忆起) that he first met Pollard during a business trip to Washington.
5．Bill wants to spend a large sum (金额) of money on modernizing the farm.
6．What experience that is relevant (有关的) to this position do you have
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1. violent adj.狂暴的，凶暴的→ violence n. 暴力→ violently adv.激烈地；强烈地；猛烈地；凶猛地；凶狠地
2. landing n. (军队的)登陆→ land n. 陆地， 土地 v．降落；着陆
3. commander n．指挥官；长官→ command n．& v．命令；控制；指挥；精通
4. barely adv.勉强才能→ bare adj. 赤裸的；裸露的；
5. liberate v．解放(城市、国家等) → liberation n. 解放；释放
6. memorial adj.纪念的；追悼的→ memory n．记忆力；记性→ memorable adj.值得纪念的；难忘的
7. stability n．稳固；稳定→ stable adj.稳定的；安定的
8. professionalism n．专业水准；专业素质；职业精神→ professional adj.专业的 n．专业人士，内行→ profession n．职业；专业
9. rough adj.简单的；粗糙的→ roughly adv.大约，大致；粗暴地，粗鲁地
10. emerge v．出现→ emergency n．突发事件；紧急情况
11. glory n．辉煌的成就；荣耀的事→ glorious adj.值得称道的；光荣的；荣耀的
12. dedication n. 奉献→ dedicate v．献(身), 致力于； → dedicated adj.专注的；献身的
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It is wrong to resist others' violent behaviour with violence . (violent)
2．In the process of landing ， there was something wrong with the plane's engine. Fortunately, it landed safely at last. (land)
3．It is important to keep the stable development of economy and the stability of it can ensure that all the people share the fruits of development. (stability)
4．I could barely hear any sound when he came in because he walked with bare feet. (barely)
5．A memorial service is being held for the soldiers in memory of their contributions to the independence of our country. (memory)
6．They marched on and liberated the city. The successful liberation meant a lot to the city. (liberate)
7．Yao Ming is an athlete by profession and a professional basketball player.(profession)
8．It is roughly estimated that the rough storm has caused 20 victims to be injured. (rough)
9．Richard was waiting outside the door as she emerged . Suddenly an emergency occurred. (emerge)
10．Only when you win fairly will you and your homeland deserve the great glory . We are deeply moved by his glorious deeds. (glory)
Ⅳ.重点短语——我牢记
1. be made up of 由……构成；由……组成
2. free...from 从……释放出来；使……摆脱
3. nothing less than 不少于
4. prepare for 为……做准备
5. make it 成功；到达
6. meet up with 与……见面
7. on standby 待命
8. refer to...as... 把……称作……
9. due to 由于
10. track down 追查；追踪
11. fight against 与……作斗争
12. hold down 压(制)住
[语境活用]——选用上述短语填空
1．They give us entertainment, providing us a means to free ourselves from stress.
2．To prepare for the coming exam, Tony has to look over his notes once again.
3．The flight leaves in twenty minutes— we'll never make it .
4．Instead of going straight home from school, she took the bus to the mall and met up with her father there.
5．Even as a boy he referred to his father as Steve.
6．A strong wind blew and he immediately held down the book in front of him.
1.盘点“re ”前缀动词
①recall 回忆起
②republish 重新出版
③rebuild 重建
④refresh 使恢复活力
⑤review 回顾；复习
⑥recycle 再利用，回收利用
2．“惊恐”万状
①horror n．惊恐
②alarm v．使惊恐，警告
③frighten v．使害怕，吓唬
④fear n．担心，害怕
⑤terror n．恐怖，惊骇
⑥shock v．使震惊，使吃惊
3．“动词＋down”短语荟萃
①track down 追踪到，追查到
②write down 写下
③turn down 调低，拒绝
④cut down 砍倒
⑤let down 放下，使失望
⑥pass down (世代)相传；传下来
1.Code named“Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation．
该行动代号“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空三军联合行动，目的是解放被德国占领的欧洲西北部。
【考点凝练】独立主格结构
2．The seventh man was the next one to get across the beach without being hit.
第七个人是下一个穿过海滩而没有被击中的人。
【考点凝练】动词不定式(短语)作后置定语
3．Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.
在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。
【考点凝练】过去分词短语作状语
[语境活用] ——经典句式仿写
1．母亲病了，我只好待在家里照顾她。(独立主格结构)
Mother being ill ， I had to stay at home looking after her.
2．那位报社记者是最后一个走出山洞的。(动词不定式作定语)
The newspaper reporter was the last to walk out of the cave .
3．由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。(过去分词短语作状语)
Encouraged by the progress he has made ， he works harder.
核 心 词 汇
1．objective n．目的；目标 adj.客观的；无偏见的；真实的；宾格的
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)It is reported that a great many people object to retiring (retire) too late.
(2)He resisted the new rule while his wife made no objection (object) to it.
(3)It's hard to give an objective (object) opinion about your own children.
(4)The objective (object) of most speeches is to benefit the audience.
归纳拓展
·object v．反对；不赞成n.目标；目的；物体
object to 反对；不赞成……
object to (sb.'s) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事
·objection n．不赞成；反对；异议
have/raise/make an objection to/against (doing)sth.对(做)某事表示反对
用法点拨：object 作及物动词时，后只能接 that从句作宾语；若接名词或代词作宾语需要后跟介词to。用作及物动词后接that从句时，其后从句所表示的内容不是反对的内容，而是反对的理由。如：I wanted to climb the hill，but he objected that he was too tired.我想要去爬山，但是他却以太累为由表示反对。
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract.
→Robson made/had/raised a strong objection to the terms of the contract.
(6)如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。
If nobody objects ，we will put off the meeting till next week.
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2024·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Recalling (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language and see how Tang's play was being performed.”
(2)John recalled attending (attend)the outstanding school with Mary.
(3)She recalled that he had left early to analyse data gathered by his friends.
(4)He has been recalled to his old post.
归纳拓展
recall doing sth.回忆起做某事
recall...to把……召回到……；迫使(某人)恢复……
recall that...回忆起……
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)我不记得以前听谁说过这样的话。
I could not recall having heard anyone say that before.
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge (emerge).
(2)The musical forms emerged out of the American black experience.
(3)The Pacific region has rapidly emerged as a leading force on the world stage.
(4)Since the emergence (emerge) of AIDS, scientists began to seriously study the viruses.
归纳拓展
·emerge from 从……中出现或显露
emerge out of来源于
emerge as作为……出现
·emergence n. 出现；显现
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)她是中午从房间里出来的。
It was at noon that she emerged from her room ．
4．representative n．代表；代理人 adj.典型的；有代表性的
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·浙江卷) In contrast to the court life and upper class culture represented (represent) by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.
(2)They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young men，whose lifestyles are, for better and worse, representative (represent) of those of most of us.
(3)He represented himself as an employee in order to get a sum of money.
归纳拓展
·represent v．代表；象征；表示；描绘；声称
represent sb./sth.as/to be...宣称某人为……/把某事叙述为……
represent sth.to sb.向某人说明(传达)某事
·stand for 代表；象征
·on behalf of sb.(＝on one's behalf)为了某人；代表某人
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)我非常高兴代表我们学校告诉你们有关这些活动的一些事情。
① Representing our school ，I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
② On behalf of our school ，I'm glad to tell you something about these activities.
5.relevant adj.有关的；切题的
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)It is a great honour for me to tell you some information relevant to the local customs.
(2)As is known to all, temperature and precipitation (降水量) will change relevantly (relevant) when altitude rises.
归纳拓展
·(be) relevant to...和……有关
·relevantly adv. 有关地；切题地
·relevance n. 相关性；关联
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(3) 当你申请这份工作时，有一些相关经验将会有帮助。(应用文写作之建议信)
Having some relevant experience will be helpful when you apply for the job.
6．free...from...把……从……中解放出来
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·浙江卷) When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one.
(2)Besides building up my body, after class activities also free me from the heavy school work.
(3)She gives me the freedom (free) to make mistakes and to learn from them all.
归纳拓展
·for free 免费地；无偿地
free of charge 免费
(be) free from/of... 不受……的影响
be free to do sth. 自由做某事
·freely adv. 自由地；畅通地
·freedom n. 自由；不受……影响的状态
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)保持环境清洁和无污染是健康生活的关键步骤。(应用文写作之环境保护)
Keeping the environment clean and free of pollution is the key step to make life healthy.
7．no wonder...(＝It's no wonder...)难怪……；……不足为奇
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)He wondered at/about the outstanding lady's response, and just to clarify，he asked her another question.
(2)It was a wonder that you didn't lose your way in the dark.
(3)“What's that？” Mary pointed at the statue, saying in wonder.
(4)I am wondering whether/if you could tell me more about this activity.
归纳拓展
·wonder n．奇迹；惊愕
work/do wonders创造奇迹
in wonder惊讶地
It's a wonder that...令人惊讶的是……
·wonder v．怀疑；想知道；惊奇
wonder at/about...对……感到惊讶
·wonderful adj.奇妙的；极好的；意想不到的
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)难怪孩子们很兴奋，这是他们第一次出国。
(It is) No wonder that the children are excited—this is the first time they've been abroad.
(6)我想只要我能进入这家公司，就会给我的事业带来奇迹。
I think if I can get my foot in the door at this company it will do/work wonders for my career ．
重 点 句 型
　独立主格结构
Code named “Operation Overlord”， it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history，the aim being to free north west Europe from German occupation.
该行动代号“霸王行动”，是历史上规模最大的海陆空三军联合行动，目的是解放被德国占领的欧洲西北部。基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)Weather permitting (permit)，we will have the party in the garden.
(2)The question settled (settle)，they went back to their respective posts.
(3)We divided the work, he to clean (clean) the window and I to sweep (sweep) the floor.
归纳拓展
独立主格结构是由名词或主格代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，在形式上与主句没有关系，在句中主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句。独立主格结构基本构成形式：
(1)名词(代词)＋现在分词(表示主动和正在进行)
(2)名词(代词)＋过去分词(表示被动和已完成)
(3)名词(代词)＋不定式(表示将要发生的动作)
(4)名词(代词)＋形容词/副词/介词短语(用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)她坐在桌前，衣领已解开，头低了下来，拿好钢笔，准备开始写一封长信。
She sat at the table, collar off, head down, and pen in position ， ready to begin a long letter.
(5)老太太坐了下来，面颊上还带有泪痕。
The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks .
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．A company representative (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over the plastic to paper cups on all of its 1，200 daily flights.
2．Most provinces and equivalent administrative units started to lower their public health emergency (emerge) response level.
3．Now I am afraid of looking back since the past life seemed like a horrible (horror) dream.
4．Education is about learning, and the more you learn, the more you prepare for your life.
5．Since the liberation (liberate) of Tibet on May 23, 1951, it has witnessed significant progress in politics, economy and culture.
6．Li Bai grew up in the most glorious period of the Tang Dynasty, a time of economic boom and social stability (stable).
7．Students are provided with a packed lunch made (make) up of a sandwich, a drink and a dessert.
8．Back pain can be a tough mystery to solve, but with a doctor's help you should be able to track down the cause.
9．In an ideal world, we might be able to free ourselves from discrimination.
10．Sometimes, amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during periods of violence (violent).
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
一词多义练/熟词生义练
1．rough
(1)He said I was like a rough diamond and I needed polishing. D
(2)They journeyed for several weeks over rough roads. B
(3)His rough manners annoyed everybody. C
(4)The sea was rough and dangerous，and the ship went up and down. E
(5)Friends are the best to turn to when you're having a rough day. A
2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)As a journalist，it is my duty to report true and objective information. 客观的
(2)There is anxiety about the rising tide of crime. 趋势；潮流
Ⅰ.话题微写作(运用单元知识，在真实任务情境中提高语言综合运用能力)
假设你是李华，你校将要举办一场演讲比赛，请你以“珍爱和平”为题写一篇演讲稿。
1．和平与发展是当今时代的主流。(be set for)
Peace and development are set for the main trend of this era.
2．我们应该对世界和平与发展充满信心。(have confidence in)
We should have full confidence in the peace and development of the world.
3．人人都可以为维护世界和平与发展作出自己的贡献。(dedicate)
Everyone can dedicate himself/herself to keeping the peace and development of the world.
4．我们可以传递和平与发展的理念。(spread)
We can spread the notion of peace and development.
5．和平与发展的理念应植根于每个人的内心深处。(in the depths of)
The notion of peace and development ought to be rooted in the depths of everyone's heart.
6．只要我们全身心投入到和平与发展的事业中去，我们就会成功。(throw oneself into; make it)
As long as we throw ourselves into the career of peace and development, we can make it.
[句式升级]
1．将第1句和第2 句用 since引导的原因状语从句进行改写升级。
Since peace and development are set for the main trend of this era, we should have full confidence in the peace and development of the world.
2．将第3句和第4句用现在分词短语作伴随状语进行改写升级。
Everyone can dedicate himself/herself to keeping the peace and development of the world, spreading the notion of peace and development.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
Since peace and development are set for the main trend of this era, we should have full confidence in the peace and development of the world. Everyone can dedicate himself/herself to keeping the peace and development of the world, spreading the notion of peace and development. The notion of peace and development ought to be rooted in the depths of everyone's heart. As long as we throw ourselves into the career of peace and development, we can make it.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
(一)积累常诵
人物描写之“外貌体型”
形容词 handsome，pretty，average，graceful，shapely，skinny，slim，well built
词块 a graceful figure，a shapely figure，a skinny figure，a slim figure, a well developed figure，a handsome figure，a striking figure，have a good figure，a man of average build，a well built man
句子 ①She has a round face and wide eyes.
②He is a gray haired thin old man.
③He had a dark face, with stern features and a heavy brow.
④He was a lad eighteen or nineteen years of age, small in build，with delicate features.
(二)语段写作
第一步：用表示“外貌体型”的表达和其他细节描写完成句子
1．我的新同桌张高是一个16岁的男孩。
My new deskmate, Zhang Gao, is a boy of sixteen ．
2．他身高一米八，结实的身材、晒得黝黑的皮肤使他看起来像运动员。
He is 1.8 meters tall, whose strongly built body and sun tanned skin make him look like a sportsman.
3．他浓浓的眉毛下有一双又黑又大的眼睛，似乎总是在对你微笑。
He has two big dark eyes under a pair of thick eyebrows . It seems that they are always smiling at you.
4．与我的黄头发相比，他有一头浓密的黑发。
Compared with my yellow hair ， his hair is black and thick.
5．他梦想有朝一日成为一名演员。
He has a dream of becoming an actor one day.
6．我相信他英俊的长相和匀称的身材一定会让他的梦想成真的。
I believe his handsome face and well developed figure is certain to make his dream come true.
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇
My new deskmate, Zhang Gao, is a boy sixteen. He is 1.8 meters tall, whose strongly built body and sun tanned skin make him look like a sportsman. He has two big dark eyes under a pair of thick eyebrows. It seems that they are always smiling at pared with my yellow hair, his hair is black and thick. He has a dream of becoming an actor one day. So I believe his handsome face and well developed figure is certain to make his dream come true.
强化训练[33]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·江苏南通市高三六校联考)
On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle's home. Was it because of a fire or a child climbing too high to a dangerous place Rather, it was for helping make a dream come true.
Outdoor activities and a slow pace of life are a mainstay in this rural town. When people were unable to leave the community, Scott Chittle decided they needed a safe place to come together and something joyful during the winter months. And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating
To fulfil his dream，Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3，000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online. It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.
It took a little time and some neighborly persuasion as Chittle went door to door to convince people to come to see his creation, and soon Chittle's backyard ice rink became a Manton hot spot. Children were skating and shooting, a fire was burning, and hot chocolate was steaming in cups. “When things were tough, it was a place，” says Chittle's neighbor Audrey Hooker. “It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.”
But the goodwill didn't stop with Chittle. When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1，300, and letters flooded to Chittle's home stuffed with cash. “Almost 30 complete strangers knocked on my door to just shake my hand and say thank you, most of them handing me money as well and three asking for a hug，” says Chittle. “This has been a community thing. It's more than me. I want to show the rest of the world what a little effort and the best intentions can do.”
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了由于活动限制，Scot Chittle在社区建造了溜冰场，以供社区居民进行户外活动。
1．Why did fire trucks come to Manton
A．To deal with an emergency.
B．To send water to the community.
C．To ensure people's safety in the town.
D．To help with Chittle building the ice rink.
解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段“On an extremely cold December night, fire trucks arrived in the sleepy little town of Manton, Michigan and shot to Chittle's home.(在12月的一个寒冷的晚上，消防车到达了密歇根州沉睡的曼顿小镇，冲向了Chittle的家。)”第二段“And what is a better outdoor activity to get people outside than ice skating？(还有什么比滑冰更能让人们出门的户外活动呢？)”和第三段“It took 12 fire trucks to get enough water to fill the plot.(填满这块地需要12辆消防车才运来足够的水。)”可知，在12月的一个晚上，消防车赶往Manton，是为了帮助Chittle修建溜冰场。故选D。
2．What did Chittle do to carry out his project
A．Persuade his neighbors to make donations.
B．Purchase a piece of land behind his house.
C．Turn to the Internet for tips and materials.
D．Research the popular lifestyles in Manton.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段“To fulfil his dream, Chittle downloaded instructions on how to build an ice rink and then ordered a 3，000 square foot waterproof cloth and some wood to create walls online.(为了实现他的梦想，Chittle下载了如何建造溜冰场的说明，然后在网上订购了3，000平方英尺的防水布和一些木头来建造墙壁。)”可知，为了实现建溜冰场这一梦想，Chittle在网上下载了建造教程并购买了所需材料。故选C。
3．How did the ice rink affect the community
A．It made the community popular in Mantan.
B．It slowed down the pace of the residents' life.
C．It offered people there comfort and company.
D．It inspired the residents to do outdoor activities.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘When things were tough, it was a place，’ says Chittle's neighbor Audrey Hooker. ‘It was fantastic because we just came together and became calm and happy instead of concerned.’(Chittle的邻居Audrey Hooker说道：‘当情况艰难时，是这个地方，它太棒了，因为我们聚在一起，变得平静和快乐，而不是担心。’)”可知，Chittle建的溜冰场带给社区居民慰藉和陪伴。故选C。
4．What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
A．Everyone could make a difference to society.
B．Chittle received acts of kindness from others.
C．The community got better due to the ice rink.
D．Chittle had goodwill to the whole community.
解析：B　词句猜测题。结合上文提到的Chittle为社区建溜冰场和画线句的后文内容“When the community heard how much money he used to make this project happen, everyone stepped forward. A fundraiser brought in about $1，300, and letters flooded to Chittle's home stuffed with cash.(当社区听说他花了多少钱来实现这个项目时，每个人都挺身而出。一场筹款活动带来了大约1，300美元的收入，人们给Chittle家里寄去了装满现金的信件。)”可知，画线部分表示善意并没有在Chittle这里终止，同时Chittle也收到其他人的善意。故选B。
B
(2025·云南名校高三联考)
The world's longest and most demanding competition is underway as competitors adventure 36，000 miles around the planet on sailboats. The race is intense—but it's not just about winning and glory. The sailors are also part time citizen scientists competing on boats outfitted with tools that gather data on how climate change is impacting the world's oceans.
The sailing competition, called The Ocean Race, started in January. Those competing started in Spain, then raced down the coast of Africa before cutting across the Indian and Southern oceans to reach Brazil. They then headed up the eastern coast of the Americas before crossing the Atlantic Ocean to get to Denmark. This week, the teams will leave Denmark on the final two legs of the race, which ends in late June in Italy.
Each team is working to track how climate change is impacting the oceans, which are rapidly warming from absorbing 90% of the excess (过量的) heat created by planet warming greenhouse gas emissions (排放). Oceans provide about 50% of the oxygen humans breathe, making their health critical to human health.
The boats, which serve as high speed laboratories, measure everything from sea surface temperatures to oxygen and carbon dioxide levels. The scientists onboard have also detected microplastics in nearly every sample they've taken so far. The data they collect is distributed worldwide.
The racers send all the data they collect to a satellite in real time, sharing 25，000 data points per day. The boats also go where few scientific missions travel, making the data they collect especially valuable. The third leg of the race was a 38 day sail through the Antarctic Ocean.
“I truly think the data is invaluable because it's collecting information from parts of the ocean that we rarely have an opportunity to collect data from，” said Jon Hare, a scientist for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了一项名为“The Ocean Race”的帆船比赛，参赛选手不仅为了荣誉而竞争，还作为兼职公民科学家，在船上携带工具收集关于气候变化对世界海洋的影响的数据。
5．What does the underlined word “outfitted” in paragraph 1 mean
A．Equipped.　　　　　B．Supplied.
C．Presented. D．Satisfied.
解析：A　词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“The sailors are also part time citizen scientists competing on boats (这些水手也是在船上比赛的兼职公民科学家)”以及后面的内容“with tools that gather data on how climate change is impacting the world's oceans(用工具收集气候变化如何影响世界海洋的数据)”可知，参赛者们同样也是兼职科学家，因此他们在比赛的过程中装备了一些工具来收集气候变化对世界海洋产生影响的数据。因此画线词与A选项“Equipped.(装备。)”为同义词。故选A。
6．Where will the race end
A．In Spain. B．In India.
C．In Brazil. D．In Italy.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“This week, the teams will leave Denmark on the final two legs of the race, which ends in late June in Italy.(本周，车队将离开丹麦参加最后两站的比赛，比赛将于6月底在意大利结束。)”可知，该比赛将在意大利结束。故选D。
7．What is special about the data
A．It is related to endangered species.
B．It covers some from remote areas.
C．It is analyzed in high speed labs.
D．It is mainly collected by satellites.
解析：B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The boats also go where few scientific missions travel, making the data they collect especially valuable. (这些船也会去很少有科学任务去的地方，这使得它们收集的数据特别有价值。)”可知，参赛者们所收集的数据还包括其他科学研究很少去的地方即这些数据覆盖了遥远的偏僻地区，由此使得该数据是非常有价值的。故选B。
8．What is the text mainly about
A．Training part time citizen scientists at sea.
B．An exploration of the habitats of sea life.
C．Collecting climate data around the world.
D．A sailing competition around the Antarctic.
解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文，本文介绍了一项名为“The Ocean Race”的帆船比赛，参赛选手不仅为了荣誉而竞争，还作为兼职公民科学家，在船上携带工具收集关于气候变化对世界海洋的影响的数据。C选项“Collecting climate data around the world.(收集世界各地的气候数据。)”概括文章主要内容，指明“The Ocean Race”的帆船比赛以及参赛者的目的即收集气候变化对世界海洋产生影响的数据。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·重庆南开中学高三调研)
Our oversized, male Golden Retriever (金毛寻回犬), Rusty weighed much more than most Goldens. Though big, he was 1. . When Karen, my 18 month old daughter, held a cookie out to him, he'd take it gently. Wherever she went, Rusty would 2. her. If we grown ups held out food for him, 3. ， he ate it like a hungry wolf.
One day, I was occupied with chores all the morning in the kitchen. When I looked out the window, my heart 4. ！ Our back yard had two levels, with stone steps leading from the lower level to the larger open area above. At the highest point of the steps was a 5. of 1.5 meters to the lower level. Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge!
Though 6. ， I didn't shout for fear of frightening her into losing 7. and falling to the ground below. Then I noticed Rusty beside her, moving to 8. the way. Not to be stopped, Karen walked to an open spot. Just as quickly, Rusty moved himself in front again, 9. her.
That repeated a couple of times. Finally, she got 10. and moved back to the center. Sighing with 11. ， I ran up immediately. “Come on, Karen，” I said, “Let's go inside and get a 12. .”
She clapped her hands and grabbed mine, making her way down slowly. Rusty stayed by her side, moving at her pace. When we got to the door, she 13. my hand and crawled through the doggy door. Rusty followed. This was how they got outside with the door 14. . By the time I got to the kitchen, Karen and her four legged nanny were waiting for the 15. cookie.
I never worried about Karen playing outside after that.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了金毛寻回犬照顾自己18个月大的女儿的故事，在女儿遇到危险时，金毛会救护女儿，让她免受伤害。
1．A.weak　　　　　　B．loving
C．restless D．tolerant
解析：B　句意：尽管体型大但是他是充满爱的。A.weak虚弱的；B.loving充满爱的；C.restless焦躁不安的；D.tolerant宽容的。根据上文“Though big”和下文“When Karen, my 18 month old daughter, held a cookie out to him, he'd take it gently.(当我18个月大的女儿凯伦把一块饼干递给他时，他会轻轻地接过。)”可知，拉斯提是充满爱心的。故选B。
2．A.count on B．take after
C．watch over D．turn to
解析：C　句意：无论她去哪里，拉斯提总是照看着她。A.count on依靠，依赖；B.take after效仿，与(某人)相像；C.watch over照看；D.turn to求助于。根据前文“Karen, my 18 month old daughter”可知，凯伦仅有18个月大，因此推断拉斯提总是照看她。故选C。
3．A.moreover B．indeed
C．thus D．however
解析：D　句意：然而，如果我们大人给他递上食物，他就会像饿狼一样吃下去。A.moreover此外，而且；B.indeed确实；C.thus因而；D.however然而。上文的“he'd take it gently”和下文的“he ate it like a hungry wolf”为转折关系，故选D。
4．A.died B．ached
C．melted D．sank
解析：D　句意：当我向窗外看时，我的心一沉。A.died死亡；B.ached疼痛；C.melted融化；D.sank下沉，(心情)变得沉重。根据下文“Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge！(就在那时，我看见凯伦在楼上沿着边缘走着！)”可知，18个月的女儿在台阶边上走着，作者理应心情沉重。故选D。
5．A.drop B．climb
C．width D．length
解析：A　句意：在台阶的最高处有1.5米的落差。A.drop落差；B.climb攀登；C.width宽度；D.length长度。根据上文“Our back yard had two levels, with stone steps leading from the lower level to the larger open area above.”和下文“1.5 meters to the lower level”可知，上下台阶落差有1.5米。故选A。
6．A.overjoyed B.embarrassed
C．ashamed D．panicked
解析：D　句意：虽然惊慌，但我没有喊，怕吓得她失去平衡，掉到下面的地上。A.overjoyed欣喜若狂的；B.embarrassed尴尬的；C.ashamed惭愧的；D.panicked惊慌的。根据上文“Then and there, I saw Karen on the upper level walking along the edge！”可知，作者看到女儿在高处走着，应是感到惊慌。故选D。
7．A.temper B．balance
C．heart D．interest
解析：B　句意：同上。A.temper脾气；B.balance平衡；C.heart心；D.interest兴趣。根据下文“falling to the ground below”可知，作者担心女儿失去平衡掉下去。故选B。
8．A.block B．guide
C．find D．push
解析：A　句意：然后我注意到拉斯提在她旁边，想挡住去路。A.block阻碍；B.guide指导；C.find发现；D.push推。根据下文“Not to be stopped, Karen walked to an open spot.”可知，金毛狗想要挡住凯伦的路不让她向前走。故选A。
9．A.pleasing B．rescuing
C．guarding D．encouraging
解析：C　句意：拉斯提同样迅速地走到她前面，保护着她。A.pleasing(使)开心，令人高兴的；B.rescuing营救；C.guarding保护，保卫，看守；D.encouraging鼓励。根据上文“Then I noticed Rusty beside her, moving to 8 the way.”可知，拉斯提在保护凯伦。故选C。
10．A.anxious B．excited
C．frustrated D．confident
解析：C　句意：最后，她感到挫败，回到了中心。A.anxious焦虑的；B.excited兴奋的；C.frustrated挫败的，沮丧的；D.confident自信的。根据上文“That repeated a couple of times.”以及下文“moved back to the center”可知，拉斯提不断挡住凯伦，最后凯伦感到挫败，放弃了，从边缘回到了中间地带。故选C。
11．A.sorrow B．relief
C．satisfaction D．desperation
解析：B　句意：我松了口气，立刻跑了上去。A.sorrow悲伤；B.relief宽慰；C.satisfaction满意；D.desperation绝望。根据上文“moved back to the center”可知，女儿安全了，作者感到欣慰，松了一口气。故选B。
12．A.rest B．walk
C．cookie D．prize
解析：C　句意：“来吧，凯伦，”我说，“我们进去吃块饼干吧。”A.rest休息；B.walk走；C.cookie曲奇饼；D.prize奖品。根据下文“Karen and her four legged nanny were waiting for the 15 cookie.”可知，作者让凯伦进里面吃饼干。故选C。
13．A.loosened B．squeezed
C．took D．rubbed
解析：A　句意：当我们走到门口时，她松开了我的手，通过狗门爬了进去。A.loosened放开；B.squeezed挤压；C.took拿；取；D.rubbed摩擦。根据下文“crawled through the doggy door”可知，凯伦从狗门里爬进去的，因此松开了拉着作者的手。故选A。
14．A.unlocked B．broken
C．open D．shut
解析：D　句意：他们就是这样关着门走出去的。A.unlocked开锁；B.broken打破；C.open打开；D.shut关闭。根据上文“...crawled through the doggy door. Rusty followed.”可知，凯伦和金毛通过狗门进出，这就是他们在门关着的情况下出去的。故选D。
15．A.promised B．selected
C．hand made D．newly bought
解析：A　句意：当我到厨房的时候，凯伦和她的四条腿的保姆正在等着被承诺的饼干。A.promised被允诺的；B.selected被选择的；C.hand made手工制作的；D.newly bought新购买的。根据上文“Let's go inside and get a 12 ．”可知，饼干是作者承诺给的。故选A。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·上饶一模)
My sixth grade students were seated in a large circle on the floor of our classroom.Each student held a different tool in his or her hand, such as a hammer, a flashlight, and even an awl.The lesson had gone perfectly.The students discussed how words are like tools—they have the ability to build or to destroy someone, and they discovered how the right tool used at the right time for the right job can cause great results.The sixth graders freely shared personal stories of how they had experienced someone's words used as a tool, to wound or to heal someone.I watched and listened with a sense of satisfaction—they got it!
A few days later, one of my students, Laura, had an unexpected and uncharacteristic outburst of destructive behavior in class.She refused to work with her group.I was aware from reading Laura's file that she had struggled with rebellious (叛逆的) behavior in previous years, but we had developed a good relationship and she was always a respectful, thoughtful, and positive contributor to our class.Her behavior caught me off guard.I asked her to excuse herself and told her I would visit with her in our next door team center in just a minute.She refused to leave and sat silently glaring at me from the back of the room.I rather firmly told her she needed to excuse herself—this was NOT optional.She knew I meant it.She marched from the back of the room to our classroom door, shooting me an angry look, and slammed the door as she left for the team meeting room.
I continued our lesson and when the students were working together in their groups, I gently closed our classroom door behind me, and then marched the five steps next door to our meeting room where Laura was seated.In an unexpected and uncharacteristic gesture of frustration, I slammed the meeting room door behind me.As I stood over her, I began to express how disrespectful and uncalled for her behavior had been to our class.Her behavior angered me and I was sharp in my tone and my words.Without looking at me, she absorbed my anger.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应的位置作答。
When I paused for her response, she slowly turned and proudly stated, “You're using your ‘tool’ against me！”
　　For the rest of the day and the rest of the year, Laura never had another outburst.
【写作提示】
故事人物 作者(老师)、劳拉(作者的学生)
故事梗概 作者作为一名老师，成功地教给自己的六年级学生怎样言谈适度，因为言语就像工具——既能建立也能破坏人际关系。但是，几天后学生劳拉奇怪地表现出叛逆行为，影响了课堂教学。作者要求她去旁边会议室，劳拉砰地摔门而去。作者趁着学生们小组活动的时候去处理刚才的问题，像劳拉一样，作者也砰地关上了会议室的门，然后开始批评劳拉的行为。
续写要点 第一段：1.描写作者意识到自己在用语言工具伤害劳拉，并且改变态度；2.劳拉也明白了言语的伤害有多么深。 第二段：1.描写师生关系越来越好；2.这件事对作者的影响。
参考范文：
When I paused for her response, she slowly turned and proudly stated, “You're using your‘tool’ against me！”Her words hit me that I had used my authority and anger as a tool to hurt her, just as we had discussed during our lesson.Feeling a mix of guilt and admiration for her insight, I took a deep breath and softened my tone.I apologized to Laura sincerely, acknowledging that I should have approached the situation differently, with understanding and empathy.She looked me in the eye and softly said, “Yes, I forgive you, Mrs.Ekre.I'm sorry, too.”
For the rest of the day and the rest of the year, Laura never had another outburst.Our relationship deepened day by day.At the end of the year, she wrote me a beautiful letter about how she loved being in my class and about some of the most important lessons she learned.Attached to the note was a small key—a tool, she said, for a language art teacher who taught her how important words can be.It serves as my reminder of not only a lesson I taught as a teacher but one I really learned from my student.

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