资源简介

Unit 5　Into the unknown &
Unit 6　Space and beyond
(主题语境类型：人与自然；话题：地球与宇宙奥秘探索；话题涉及教材其他内容：必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science；必修第三册 Unit 5 What an adventure！；选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Revealing nature)
根据汉语提示或所提供的单词完成语篇，核对答案并背诵，以此串联高中3000＋词！(黑体部分是本单元词汇)。
(一)
Last week, I had 1. an incredible experience. While 2. diving (dive) in the deep water of a trench, some divers happened to find a whole city 3. buried (bury) beneath the waves as well as a wreck of a ship, 4. which was full of 5. corals (coral). This discovery intrigued some archaeologists. They immediately 6. threw (throw) themselves into studying the history of the city and how it fell 7. into ruin. In the middle of the 8. investigation (investigate), they 9. suddenly (sudden) found some mysterious creatures swimming around 10. them (they). They subdued their fear and continued 11. to study (study). But with the 12. expansion (扩大) of the number of these strange creatures, they found 13. it not safe to continue staying in the water. 14. Thinking (think) twice, they decided to 15. abandon the city (逃离这个城市) as well as the ship and retreat. After all，life is the 16. most important (important).
(二)
Welcome to our school's 1. simulated (simulate) space club. There are a 2. variety (various) of activities for you to choose from, 3. which will certainly make you scream because they are awesome. You can learn how to correctly use the 4. telescope (望远镜) to see the beauty of sky. When the telescope is angled at the night sky, you will find something 5. invisible (visible). And you will experience some 6. straightforward (简单的) and everyday tasks. The simulator of the space shuttle is 7. a model but it's lifelike. 8. Supposing (suppose) that you are one of the crew members, you need to find the 9. self discipline (自律) to keep your 10. muscles (肌肉) strong, you also need to learn how 11. to fetch (fetch) salt, pepper, and so on. What would you do if you catch a cold and 12. start to sneeze (开始打喷嚏) Your tasks might 13. be suspended (suspend). How can you listen to music on the disc If you are interested in these, join us and show your 14. exceptional (exception) talent. Your 15. application (apply) must be submitted 16. by 1st September.
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——我会认
1．intrigue v． (因奇特或神秘而)激起……的兴趣，引起……的好奇心
2．pyramid n． 金字塔
3．tropical adj. 来自热带的；产于热带的
4．downfall n． 衰败
5．getaway n． 逃跑，逃走
6．retreat v． 后退；离开；退避
7．uncharted adj. 地图上没有标明的
8．shrink v． 退缩，畏缩
9．shipwreck n． 失事的船；沉船
10．archaeological adj. 考古学的；考古的
11．coral n． 珊瑚
12．upwards adv. 向上，朝上
13．equivalent adj. 等同的；等值的；相当的
14．stack v． (使)整齐地堆起；摞起
15．furthermore adv. 此外；而且；不仅如此
16．notable adj. 显要的；显著的；值得注意的
17．vessel n． 船；舰
18．vol n． (书的)卷，册
19．hazardous adj. 危险的，不安全的
20．shuttle n． 航天飞机
21．excursion n． (有特定目的的)短途出行
22．rekindle v． 重新激起，重新唤起
23．instantaneously adv. 瞬间地
24．simulator n． (用于人员训练的)模拟装置，模拟器
25．lifelike adj. (图画，模型等)生动的，逼真的
26．awesome adj. 很好的，了不起的
27．angle v． 斜置
28．galaxy n． 星系
29．cosmic adj. 宇宙的
30．conceivably adv. 可以相信地；可想象地
31．subatomic adj. 亚原子的；原子内的
32．particle n． 粒子
33．straightforward adj. 简单的
34．pepper n． 胡椒粉
35．disc n． 激光唱片；光碟，光盘
Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写
1. bury v．将……埋在下面
2. astronomy n．天文学
3. canal n．运河
4. ruin n．残垣断壁，废墟
5. millimetre n．毫米
6. substance n．物质
7. scream v．(因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等)尖声大叫
8. crew n．(飞机上的)全体机组人员
9. submit v．提交
10. telescope n．望远镜
11. self discipline n．自我约束，自律
12. fetch v．(去)拿来
13. muscle n．肌肉
14. sneeze v．打喷嚏
单词拼写
1．(2024·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) If you want to be published, it's vital to submit (提交) a perfect, professionally presented manuscript.
2．(2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals (运河), parks, squares and countless lights.
3. (2023·新课标全国Ⅰ卷) The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances (物质) from some sludge.
4．The thin girl buried (将……埋在下面) her face in her hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
5. Much to our disappointment, the terrible earthquake left the whole city in ruins (废墟) in a short time.
6. When you begin to sneeze (打喷嚏) and cough, you may have a cold.
Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变
1. civilisation n．文明→ civilise v．文明化；教化→ civilised adj.文明的
2. abandon v．离弃；逃离→ abandoned adj.被离弃的；被遗弃的
3. dismiss v．拒绝考虑；否定→ dismissal n．摒弃；不予考虑
4. expansion n．扩大；增加→ expand v. 扩大；增加
5. investigation n．调查 → investigate v．调查； 研究
6. drilling n．钻探；勘探→ drill v．钻(孔)；打(眼)
7. notion n．概念；观点；看法→ notional adj.概念上的→ notionally adv.想象地
8. exceptional adj.异常的→ unexceptional adj.平常的
9. tragedy n．不幸；悲剧→ tragic adj.悲惨的；悲剧的→ tragically adv.悲惨地；不幸地
10. shadow n．坏影响，阴影→ shadowy adj.阴暗的，朦胧的
11. suspend v．暂停，中止→ suspension n．暂令停职
12. simulated adj.模仿的，模拟的，仿真的→ simulate v. 模拟；模仿
13. invisible adj.看不见的→ visible adj. 看得见的；可见的
[语境活用]——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．He expanded on the point that no matter how much stronger it may become, never will China seek expansion ．(expand)
2. Having abused his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends, the man is now under investigation ．The man being investigated is William. (investigate).
3. They had been drilling oil. After months of drilling ，oil was found off the coast. (drill)
4. The woman abandoned by her husband is living in an abandoned farm now. (abandon)
5. Tragically ， the side effects of the drug hadn't been discovered until many people were seriously damaged by it. People would never forget the tragic event. (tragic)
6. Most of the time the peaks are visible . But now the peaks which are covered with white floating clouds become invisible now and then like a fantastic Chinese painting. (visible)
7. In one study, participants used a driving simulator to do some simulated experiments. (simulate)
8．Without exception ， in common with most young people, Michael lives an unexceptional life. (exceptional)
Ⅳ.重点短语——我牢记
1. check out 调查；检查；结账离开
2. set out 动身踏上(漫长的)旅途；出发
3. look into 调查(问题)
4. become accustomed to 习惯于(做)某事
5. sign up for 报名参加
6. work out 想出； 计算出；解出
7. run for one's life 逃命
8. throw oneself into 积极投入到……中去
9. shrink from 避免做；不愿做
10. set foot on 踏上；登上
11. look back to 追忆； 回顾
12. cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影
[语境活用]——选用上述短语填空
1．This is the first time I have left my country and set foot on foreign soil.
2．In general I become accustomed to Chinese way of life.
3．The couple checked out at 10：00 a．m. and hurried to the airport, leaving a suitcase in the hotel room.
4．It's reported that the police will soon look into the case of the missing child.
5．With the College Entrance Examination approaching, it's time that I should throw myself into my study.
6．The terrible accident cast a shadow on her later life.
1.常用 y形容词一览
①muddy 泥泞的
②sunny 阳光充足的
③windy 多风的
④rainy 多雨的
⑤cloudy 多云的；阴天的
⑥foggy 雾气蒙蒙的
⑦stormy 狂风暴雨般的
2．后缀 th高频名词荟萃
①length 长度
②strength 力量
③warmth 温暖
④width 宽度
⑤depth 深度
⑥wealth 财富
⑦health健康
1.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.
玛雅社会在技术上是原始的这个事实使得它的成就更加难以置信和神秘莫测。
【考点凝练】that引导的同位语从句
2．Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
与此同时，这种文明的兴衰也必然让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。
【考点凝练】leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
3．It's argued that the 30th parallel north is a line of great natural energy, with frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
人们认为，北纬30° 蕴藏着巨大的自然能量，经常发生地震和火山爆发。
【考点凝练】It is＋过去分词＋that...
4．With the eyes of students across the nation upon her，she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists.
在全国学生的注视下，她可能会激发了全新一代的宇航员和太空科学家。
【考点凝练】情态动词＋have done
[语境活用] ——经典句式仿写
1．毫无疑问，他的优势在于他能用英语与外国人交流的能力。(同位语从句)
There is no doubt that his advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.
2．他开车走了，留下她自己继续在图书馆学习。(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
He drove off, leaving her studying in the library alone ．
3．希望他们能够通过这次的笔试。(It is＋过去分词＋that...)
It is hoped that they can pass the written examination this time.
4．尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。(情态动词＋have done)
He might have given you more help ， even though he was busy.
核 心 词 汇
1．bury v．埋葬；埋藏；使陷入；覆盖；隐藏
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)He walked slowly along the canal，his hand buried (bury) in his pocket.
(2) Burying (bury) his face in his hands, he tried to control his weeping.
(3)She sat there and said nothing, buried (bury) in thought.
归纳拓展
bury oneself in埋头于；专心于
be buried in专心于；被埋葬在……
bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)Because she buried herself in the film, she didn't know it was snowing outside.
① Burying herself in the film ，she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
② Buried in the film ，she didn't know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
2．ruin n．毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟v.毁坏；使破产
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)Carl cares about nothing and he doesn't dismiss that he has made the farm fall into ruin.
(2)When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins (ruin).
(3)Who hasn't received an email so annoying that it ruined (ruin) an entire day
归纳拓展
·in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉
come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟
·ruin oneself 毁掉自己
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)It rained for two weeks, which completely ruined our holiday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
→It rained for two weeks, completely ruining our holiday ．
(5)你改变不了过去，但如果你忧虑未来，将会毁了现在。
You can't change the past，but you can ruin the present by worrying about the future.
3．abandon v．放弃；遗弃；抛弃；逃离；(使)沉湎于n.放任；放纵
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)His parents urged him to abandon playing (play)computer games and throw himself into his lessons.
(2)He owned a farm, which looked almost abandoned (abandon).
(3)LoveFone, a company that advocates repairing cellphones rather than abandoning (abandon) them，opened a mini workshop in a London phone box in 2016.
归纳拓展
·abandon oneself to 纵情；沉溺于
abandon doing...放弃做……
·with abandon放纵地；尽情地
·abandoned adj.被遗弃的；废弃的；放纵的
be abandoned to 沉湎于……
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)He abandoned himself to the Internet games and didn't pass the exam.
→He was abandoned to the Internet games and didn't pass the exam.
(5)我正要放弃希望，就在这时，我的爸爸过来鼓励我要继续下去。
I was about to abandon hope when my father came and encouraged me to keep going.
4．dismiss v．拒绝考虑，否定；解雇，开除；摒除
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)Mr. Smith has been dismissed (dismiss) from his job for incompetence.
(2)Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind—they're crazy and not worth thinking about.
(3)He was threatened with dismissal (dismiss) if he continued to turn up late for work.
归纳拓展
·dismiss sb./sth. (as sth.) 不予考虑；摒弃
dismiss sth. (from sth.) 除去；消除
dismiss sb. for...因……解雇某人
dismiss sb from...把某人从……(职位)解雇；开除
·dismissal n．不予考虑；解雇；开除；摒弃
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)她排除了恐惧，爬得更高了。
Dismissing her fears ， she climbed higher.
5. shadow n. 坏影响；阴影；影子 v. 遮蔽；尾随；(尤指)跟踪
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)His disease cast a shadow on the whole family.
(2)My brother is in the shadow of Mr. Smith, who is very strict.
(3)I knew beyond/without a shadow of a doubt that something terrible had happened.
归纳拓展
·in shadow在暗处
in the shadow of在……的树荫下；在……的影响下；受……的控制
cast a shadow on给……蒙上阴影
beyond/without a shadow of a doubt毫无疑问地
·shadowy adj. 有阴影的；朦胧的
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)这个非洲国家将需要援助，帮助它摆脱战争阴影。
The African country will need assistance as it emerges from the shadow/shadows of war ．
6．suspend v．暂停，中止；延缓，推迟；悬，挂；使暂时停职
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)My sister was suspended (suspend) from her job shortly after the incident.
(2)The school allows a partial suspension (suspend) of its rules on the last day of a term.
归纳拓展
·be suspended from the job被停职
be suspended by被悬挂
·suspension n．暂停；中止；暂令停职
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(3)新制度的实施已经推迟到明年。
The introduction of the new system has been suspended until next year.
7．submit v. 呈送，递交，提交；(使)顺从，(使)服从，(使)屈服
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)(2023·新课标全国Ⅱ卷) They surveyed several hundred park goers, asking them to submit (submit) a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park.
(2)(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) An essay not submitted (submit) in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late.
(3)All submission(s) (submit) must be handed in by the end of this week.
(4)I will submit the report to the chairman tomorrow.
归纳拓展
·submit sb. sth.＝submit sth. to sb. 把某物提交给某人
submit to 向……屈服；服从……
submit oneself to...向……屈服/服从
·submission n. 提交的材料；呈递材料；屈服；投降
·submissive adj. 服从的；顺从的；恭顺的
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)所有重要问题都必须提交给委员会。
All important problems must be submitted to the committee.
8．set out出发；动身踏上(漫长的)旅途
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)Moreover, with the stadium set up ，a wide range of sports events are able to be held.
(2)Furthermore，he was asked to set down the facts before he forgot them.
(3)To avoid conflicts, the two sides should set aside their prejudice and try to reach an agreement.
归纳拓展
set down放下；记下；让……下车；登记
set aside留出；把……放置一旁；不理会；取消
set off出发；引起；点燃
set up建立；准备；安排
set about doing sth.着手做某事
set out to do sth.着手做某事
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(4)依我看，是我们着手解决分歧的时候了。
① As far as I'm concerned, it's time for us to set about settling the disagreement.
② As far as I'm concerned，it's time for us to set out to settle the disagreement.
9．be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1) Accustoming (accustom) himself to living in the countryside, Mr. King found it hard to suspend this life and live in the city.
(2)She was a person accustomed (accustom) to having eight hours' sleep a night.
归纳拓展
·accustomed adj.习惯了的；惯常的
·accustom vt.使习惯，使适应
accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth.使某人/自己习惯于(做)某事
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(3)He was accustomed to the custom and didn't want to change it.
① Accustomed to the custom ，he didn't want to change it.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
② Accustoming himself to the custom ，he didn't want to change it.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
重 点 句 型
　leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future．
与此同时，这种文明的兴衰也必然让我们思考自己的过去、现在和未来。
基础练习·单句语法填空
(1)He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched (touch).
(2)(2022·浙江卷) The firm went broke and left her looking (look) for a new job.
(3)What disappoints me is that she leaves me to finish (finish) the work by myself.
(4)Please put these teaching materials in order and don't leave them in a mess.
归纳拓展
·leave用作使役动词，意为“使……处于某种状态”。
·leave复合结构的构成：
leave＋宾语＋
能力提升·句式写作诵读
(5)Because of the bad weather, the project was half finished.
→The bad weather left the project half finished . (leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These expansions (expand) into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives.
2．The more I got to know Tom, the more he intrigued (intrigue)me.
3．I was looking for my handbag, which was buried (bury) under a pile of old newspapers.
4．If you don't concentrate more on your work, you'll be dismissed (dismiss).
5．The ancient civilisations (civilisation) of Central and Latin America were founded upon corn.
6．The movie is set entirely within the playground of the abandoned (abandon) factory.
7．The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us lie awake all night.
8．The government has promised a full investigation (investigate) into the disaster.
9．Though this hotel was quite unexceptional (except), it provided the best service for customers.
10．Applications should be submitted (submit) as early as possible.
11．The experiments were carried out under simulated (simulate) examination conditions.
12．The letter was written in invisible (visible)ink so it could not be read until specially treated.
13．A working party has been set up to look into the
　 problem.
14．She had not yet become accustomed to the fact that she was a rich woman.
15．Don't leave her waiting (wait) for you outside in
　 the rain.
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
一词多义练/熟词生义练
1．check out
(1)The engineer checked out all the machines before they were put to use. B
(2)According to regulations of this hotel, guests should check out of their rooms by noon. C
(3)We'll have to check him out before we employ him. A
2．shadow
A.影子　B．昏暗处；背光处　C．(坏)影响
D．少许；一丁点
(1)His face was deep in shadow，turned away from us. B
(2)The kids are chasing each other's shadows． A
(3)They stole the money，made a getaway and lived under the shadow of fear. C
(4)A shadow of smile touched his mouth. D
3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思
(1)Your sweater will shrink if you wash it at too high a temperature. 缩水
(2)Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind—they're crazy and not worth thinking about. 去除
(3)A notable question is whether they can tackle the awesome task. 艰难的
(4)He angled his chair so that he could sit and watch her. 斜移
Ⅰ.话题微写作(运用单元知识，在真实任务情境中提高语言综合运用能力)
假设你是李华，有幸参加了一个太空旅行项目，你已经在太空生活了几天的时间。请你用英语写一篇80词左右的短文，简单介绍一下你在太空的第一天的情况。
1．我有幸报名参加了一个太空旅行项目。它给我一种兴奋感。 (sign up for；a sense of excitement)
I was lucky enough to sign up for a space travel project. It brought me a sense of excitement.
2．首先，我需要习惯没有地心引力，因为地球上最简单的日常工作在太空中会非常困难。(get accustomed to)
At first，I needed to get accustomed to the absence of gravity, because the simplest daily work on Earth could be very difficult in space.
3．起床后，我开始吃早餐。它被太空专用食物所代替。
After getting up，I began to have breakfast. It was replaced by special food for space.
4．然后工作了两个小时后，我登上了一台特殊的机器锻炼了一会儿。(set foot on)
Then, having worked for two hours，I set foot on a special machine to work out for some time.
5．到了睡觉的时候，我钻进隔舱的睡袋里。(It is time to do sth.)
When it was time to go to bed，I got into a sleeping bag in the compartment.
6．总之，我意识到了在太空生活的困难。(be aware of)
All in all, I was aware of the difficulties of living in space.
[句式升级]
1．将第1句用定语从句进行改写升级。
I was lucky enough to sign up for a space travel project that brought me a sense of excitement.
2．将第3句用定语从句进行改写升级。
After getting up, I began to have breakfast, which was replaced by special food for space.
[连句成篇]
参考范文：
I was lucky enough to sign up for a space travel project that brought me a sense of excitement.
At first, I needed to get accustomed to the absence of gravity, because the simplest daily work on Earth could be very difficult in space. After getting up，I began to have breakfast, which was replaced by special food for space. Then, having worked for two hours，I set foot on a special machine to work out for some time. When it was time to go to bed，I got into a sleeping bag in the compartment.
All in all, I was aware of the difficulties of living in space.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
(一)积累常诵
动物描写之 “熊”
名词 encounter, pup, puppy, paw
词块 fall down on its back, scare ... off, stare at, stand upright, tear down, stand on the back, hind legs
句子 ①The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp, which was surrounded by a high wire fence. ②Then he stopped at the wire fence, stood upright on his hind legs, clawed and bit it ferociously. ③He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.
(二)语段写作
第一步：用“动物描写”的表达以及其他细节描写完成句子
1．几分钟后，这只熊回到了我们的营地。
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp.
2．它充满愤怒，疯狂地用前爪撞击栅栏。
Full of anger, he smashed his front paws madly against the fence .
3．它一定是积累了不少智慧。
He must have accumulated his wisdom.
4．它突然用后腿站起来，用很大的力气攻击栅栏，在上面留下了一个狭窄的缺口。
He suddenly stood on the back legs and attacked the fence with massive strength ， leaving a narrow opening on it.
第二步：将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的过渡衔接词汇
A few minutes later, the bear headed back to our camp. Full of anger, he smashed his front paws madly against the fence. He must have accumulated his wisdom, for he suddenly stood on the back legs and attacked the fence with massive strength, leaving a narrow opening on it.
强化训练[39]
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
This is my fourth mission to space, my second to the International Space Station (ISS), and I've been here for three weeks now. I'm getting better at knowing where I am when I first wake up.
My bedroom is just big enough for me and my sleeping bag, two laptops, some clothes, photos of my wife and daughters, a few books. Getting dressed is a little bit difficult when I can't “sit” or “stand”， but I've gotten used to it. The most challenging thing is putting on my socks. It's not a challenge to figure out what to wear, since I wear the same thing every day. However, without gravity to help me bend over, it is very difficult to pull my legs up to my chest.
At present, we have three Americans living at the station: Samantha, Terry and me. Samantha is one of the few women to have served as a fighter pilot in the Italian Air Force, and she is competent in everything technical. She is also friendly and quick to laugh. She is especially gifted for language. She has native level fluency in English and Russian (the two official languages of the ISS) as well as French, German, and her native Italian. She is also working on learning Chinese.
For some people who hope to fly in space, language can be a challenge. We all have to be able to speak a second language (I've been studying Russian for years), but the European and Japanese astronauts have the added burden of learning two languages if they don't already speak English or Russian.
Terry was a test pilot before joining NASA.He has all the positive qualities of a leader—optimism, enthusiasm, friendliness—and none of the negative ones. I've found him to be consistently competent, and I appreciate that as a leader he is a consensus builder rather than a bossy commander. Since I've been up here, he has always been respectful of my previous experience, always open to suggestions about how to do things better rather than getting defensive or competitive.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在国际空间站的工作及起居情况。
1．Why does the author find it challenging to put on his socks at the ISS
A．He has too many choices.
B．It is uneasy to pull his legs up.
C．The bedroom is too small.
D．He can't find a chair to sit on.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段“However, without gravity to help me bend over, it is very difficult to pull my legs up to my chest.(然而，没有重力帮助我弯腰，很难把腿拉到胸前。)”可知，在失重环境下，抬腿很困难。故选B。
2．Samantha has left the deepest impression on the author probably because of her ．
A.good humor B．technical skills
C．language talent D．loud laughing
解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段“She is especially gifted for language. She has native level fluency in English and Russian (the two official languages of the ISS) as well as French, German, and her native Italian. She is also working on learning Chinese. (她在语言方面特别有天赋。她精通英语和俄语(国际空间站的两种官方语言)以及法语、德语和她的母语意大利语。她也在努力学习中文。)”可推断作者对Samantha印象最深的是她的语言天赋。故选C。
3．What can be inferred from paragraph 4
A.Speaking English or Russian is a must for the ISS astronauts.
B．All the ISS astronauts have to be able to speak three languages.
C．European and Japanese astronauts are not good at communication.
D．There are language workshops on the International Space Station.
解析：A　推理判断题。根据第四段“We all have to be able to speak a second language (I've been studying Russian for years), but the European and Japanese astronauts have the added burden of learning two languages if they don't already speak English or Russian.(我们都必须会说第二语言(我已经学习俄语很多年了)，但欧洲和日本的宇航员如果不会说英语或俄语，就会有学习两门语言的额外负担。)”可推断，在国际空间站，宇航员必须会讲英语或俄语。故选A。
4．Which of the following can best describe Terry
A．He is competitive and defensive.
B．He is a perfect leader.
C．He is the most experienced man at the ISS.
D．He is just a little bit bossy.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段“He has all the positive qualities of a leader—optimism, enthusiasm, friendliness—and none of the negative ones. I've found him to be consistently competent, and I appreciate that as a leader he is a consensus builder rather than a bossy commander. Since I've been up here, he has always been respectful of my previous experience, always open to suggestions about how to do things better rather than getting defensive or competitive.(他具有一个领导者所具有的一切积极品质——乐观、热情、友善——而没有任何消极的品质。我发现他一直都很有能力，作为一个领导者，我很欣赏他是一个共识的缔造者，而不是一个专横的指挥官。自从我来到这里，他一直很尊重我以前的经验，总是愿意接受如何把事情做得更好的建议，而不是变得防守或竞争。)”可知，Terry是一个完美的负责人。故选B。
B
(2025·豫西北教研联盟一模)
Plans are being drawn up for a lunar “Noah's Ark” to help save endangered species from extinction. The coming biorepository, a storage facility for frozen samples, would house live samples from most animals in the world and serve as a save in case the species disappeared on Earth. It would likely be built at the north or south pole of the moon, where craters (陨石坑) create permanent shadow and a temperature of almost －200 ℃.
Scientists from the Smithsonian, Harvard and other leading US institutions are working on how to obtain samples from at risk biodiversity on Earth, freeze them and send them to the lunar surface for safekeeping. In a paper published in the journal BioScience, the academics say they have already begun creating a plan for space storage based on the starry goby, a bony fish.
Potential difficulties include how the samples can be protected from the severity of space travel as well as the high radiation levels in space. Biorepositories such as the one on Svalbard in Norway are designed to be durable but may still conflict with earthly risks, the scientists warn, and having a shelter on the moon could provide a back up plan that is uninfluenced to earthbound events. The constantly cold temperatures on the moon are ideal for a biorepository of cryopreserved (冷冻保存的) samples, the scientists say, as it would mean the system could be passive and not need a power supply.
“Such a biorepository would safeguard biodiversity and act as a measure against its loss occurring because of natural disasters, climate change, over population, resource depletion (枯竭), wars, socioeconomic threats and other causes on Earth，” the scientists write. “This is a decades long programme，” the scientists write. “Protecting Earth's life must be a top priority in the rush on the moon sites for industries and many types of science.”
NASA is also interested in the south pole of the moon for the same permanently shadowed regions because they may also host ice and this could help establish a human possession on the moon.
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了月球上的“诺亚方舟”计划。
5．What is the lunar “Noah's Ark” actually
A．A territory. B．A storehouse.
C．A burial field. D．A laboratory.
解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Plans are being drawn up for a lunar ‘Noah's Ark’ to help save endangered species from extinction. The coming biorepository, a storage facility for frozen samples, would house live samples from most animals in the world and serve as a save in case the species disappeared on Earth.(为了拯救濒临灭绝的物种，月球上的‘诺亚方舟’计划正在起草中。未来的生物库，一个冷冻样本的储存设施，将容纳世界上大多数动物的活样本，并将作为防止物种在地球上消失的保险库。)”可知，月球上的‘诺亚方舟’实际上是一个储存设施。故选B。
6．How do the bony fish appear in the project
A．As an emergency food.
B．As an endangered species.
C．As an easily stored fish.
D．As an experimental article.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists from the Smithsonian, Harvard and other leading US institutions are working on how to obtain samples from at risk biodiversity on Earth, freeze them and send them to the lunar surface for safekeeping. In a paper published in the journal BioScience, the academics say they have already begun creating a plan for space storage based on the starry goby, a bony fish.(来自史密森学会、哈佛大学和其他美国主要机构的科学家们正在研究如何从地球上濒危的生物多样性中获取样本，将其冷冻并送到月球表面进行保管。在《生物科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，学者们表示，他们已经开始制定一项基于星形虾虎鱼，一种硬骨鱼的空间存储计划。)”可知，硬骨鱼是作为研究文章中的样本出现在项目中的。故选D。
7．The moon is considered ideal for the project due to ．
A．sustained cold
B．a lack of sunlight
C．the best security
D．lowered radiation
解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段中“The constantly cold temperatures on the moon are ideal for a biorepository of cryopreserved (冷冻保存的) samples, the scientists say, as it would mean the system could be passive and not need a power supply.(科学家们说，月球上持续的低温非常适合冷冻保存样本的生物储存库，因为这意味着该系统可以是被动的，不需要电源。)”可知，由于持续寒冷，月球被认为是这个项目的理想选择。故选A。
8．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A.Species on Earth are gradually increasing.
B．The threats on the earth are under control.
C．Scientists have high hopes for “Noah's Ark”．
D．“Noah's Ark” is currently running smoothly.
解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘Such a biorepository would safeguard biodiversity and act as a measure against its loss occurring because of natural disasters, climate change, over population, resource depletion (枯竭), wars, socioeconomic threats and other causes on Earth，’ the scientists write. ‘This is a decades long programme，’ the scientists write. ‘Protecting Earth's life must be a top priority in the rush on the moon sites for industries and many types of science.’(科学家们写道：‘这样一个生物储存库将保护生物多样性，并作为一种措施，防止自然灾害、气候变化、人口过剩、资源枯竭、战争、社会经济威胁和地球上其他原因造成的生物多样性损失。这是一个长达数十年的项目，保护地球的生命必须成为工业和多种科学在月球上的首要任务。’)”和最后一段“NASA is also interested in the south pole of the moon for the same permanently shadowed regions because they may also host ice and this could help establish a human possession on the moon.(美国国家航空航天局也对月球南极的永久阴影地区感兴趣，因为那里可能也有冰，这可能有助于人类在月球上定居。)”可知，科学家对“诺亚方舟”寄予厚望。故选C。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2025·山西三晋名校10联考)
Peter Warner is a dedicated bus driver for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. On June 19, while 1. his regular route through Willowbrook on Staten Island, he 2. a little boy standing alone on the road. Then the little boy was running down the middle of the street, wearing no shoes. Recognizing the 3. ， Peter immediately stopped the bus and 4. blocked the intersection to ensure safety for both the child and other drivers. He then 5. the boy calmly, taking him into his care.
After ensuring the child was 6. ， Peter called the MTA's Bus Command Center, his union, and 911. Thanks to his quick 7. ， the boy was soon reunited with his 8. family. It turned out that the child had 9. away while his father was sleeping and his mother was at work. The boy's family expressed their deep gratitude to Peter, who felt a sense of 10. and happiness that everything had turned out well.
In the days that followed, Peter and the boy's father connected on social media, developing a new 11. . The incident was widely reported, and the community commended Peter for his caution and 12. . His quick thinking not only ensured the boy's safety but also 13. a potential tragedy. This act of heroism 14. a powerful reminder of how a single moment of care and responsibility can make a 15. difference in someone's life.
语篇导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了公交车司机Peter Warner在路上行驶时救了一个独自在马路中间行走的小孩，避免了一场悲剧，他的行为受到了赞扬。
1．A.operating　　　　　　B．guiding
C．enjoying D．driving
解析：D　句意：6月19日，当他在斯塔滕岛的威洛布鲁克行驶常规路线时，他注意到一个小男孩独自站在路上。A.operating操作；B.guiding引导；C.enjoying享受……的乐趣，喜爱；D.driving驾驶，开车。根据上文中的“Peter Warner is a dedicated bus driver”和空后的“his regular route”可知，Peter Warner是一名公交车司机，所以这天他是沿着自己的常规路线开车。故选D。
2．A.arranged B．noticed
C．imagined D．kept
解析：B　句意：同上。A.arranged安排；B.noticed注意到；C.imagined想象；D.kept保持。根据空后的“a little boy standing alone on the road”可知，他在开车的时候注意到路上有一个小男孩。故选B。
3．A.danger B．point
C．case D．sight
解析：A　句意：Peter意识到危险，立即停下公交车并迅速封锁了十字路口，以确保孩子和其他司机的安全。A.danger危险；B.point论点，要点；C.case实例，具体情况；D.sight视力。根据上文“Then the little boy was running down the middle of the street, wearing no shoes.”和句中的“to ensure safety for both the child and other drivers”并结合常识可知，一个小男孩独自在马路上是非常危险的，所以Peter采取了一系列措施确保小男孩和其他司机的安全。故选A。
4．A.proudly B．patiently
C．quickly D．fearfully
解析：C　句意：同上。A.proudly自豪地；B.patiently耐心地；C.quickly迅速地；D.fearfully可怕地。根据句中的“Peter immediately stopped the bus”并结合常识可知，面对这种紧急情况，Peter立即停下公交车，迅速封锁十字路口。故选C。
5．A.found B．pushed
C．grasped D．approached
解析：D　句意：然后，他镇静地接近男孩，让他处于自己的照看下。A.found发现；B.pushed推动；C.grasped抓紧，抓牢；D.approached接近。根据上文中的“Peter immediately stopped the bus and 4 blocked the intersection”可知，Peter先是停车封锁路口，然后镇静地靠近男孩，让男孩处于自己的监管下，这是一连串动作。故选D。
6．A.afraid B．safe
C．small D．lovely
解析：B　句意：在确保孩子安全后，Peter打电话给MTA的巴士指挥中心、他的工会和911。A.afraid害怕的；B.safe安全的；C.small小的；D.lovely可爱的。根据上文中的“ensure safety for both the child and other drivers”可知，这里指确保小男孩安全。故选B。
7．A.action B.message
C．answer D．struggle
解析：A　句意：由于他的迅速行动，这个男孩很快就与忧心忡忡的家人团聚了。A.action行动；B.message 信息；C.answer回答；D.struggle斗争，奋斗。根据上文中的“Recognizing the 3 ， Peter immediately stopped the bus and 4 blocked the intersection to ensure safety for both the child and other drivers.”和“After ensuring the child was 6 ， Peter called the MTA's Bus Command Center, his union, and 911.”可知，面对这种紧急情况，Peter迅速采取了一系列行动，确保了小男孩安全，让他得以和家人团聚。故选A。
8．A.bored B．puzzled
C．amazed D．worried
解析：D　句意：同上。A.bored无聊的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.amazed(大为)惊奇的；D.worried担心的。根据空后的“family”并结合常识可知，孩子丢失之后，他的家人应该是非常担心。故选D。
9．A.broken B．pulled
C．wandered D．faded
解析：C　句意：原来，孩子是在爸爸睡觉、妈妈上班的时候走失的。A.broken(使)破，裂；B.pulled拉，拽；C.wandered漫游，闲荡，走失；D.faded(使)变淡。根据上文中的“a little boy standing alone on the road”可知，这个小孩趁着爸爸睡觉、妈妈上班的时候走失了，wander away意为“走散，走失”。故选C。
10．A.relief B．gratitude
C．loss D．risk
解析：A　句意：男孩的家人对Peter深表感谢，Peter对一切顺利感到宽慰和高兴。A.relief宽慰；B.gratitude感激；C.loss丧失，亏损；D.risk风险。根据空后的“and happiness that everything had turned out well”并结合常识可知，看到一切都顺顺利利，Peter感到非常宽慰。故选A。
11．A.reward B．friendship
C．position D．frame
解析：B　句意：在接下来的几天里，Peter和男孩的父亲在社交媒体上建立了联系，建立了新的友谊。A.reward奖励；B.friendship友谊；C.position位置；D.frame框架。根据句中的“Peter and the boy's father connected on social media, developing a new”可知，Peter和男孩的父亲在社交媒体上建立了联系，二人成了朋友。故选B。
12．A.freshness B．curiosity
C．richness D．kindness
解析：D　句意：这一事件被广泛报道，社区赞扬Peter的谨慎和善良。A.freshness新鲜；B.curiosity好奇心；C.richness丰富；D.kindness善良，友好的行为。根据上文描述Peter救小男孩的过程可知，Peter的行为是一种善举。故选D。
13．A.released B．melted
C．avoided D．absorbed
解析：C　句意：他的敏捷思维不仅确保了男孩的安全，还避免了潜在的悲剧。A.released释放；B.melted(使)熔化，融化；C.avoided避免；D.absorbed 吸收。根据句中的“ensured the boy's safety”和空后的“a potential tragedy”可知，他的行为确保了小男孩的安全，避免了悲剧的发生。故选C。
14. A．served as B．took in
C．aimed at D．jumped to
解析：A　句意：这一英勇行为有力地提醒我们，一刻的关心和责任可以对一个人的生活产生重大影响。A.served as充当；B.took in收留，欺骗；C.aimed at力求达到；D.jumped to跳到，涨到。根据空前的“This act of heroism”和空后的“a powerful reminder”可知，Peter的英勇行为充当了提醒的作用。故选A。
15．A.little B．sensitive
C．single D．significant
解析：D　句意：同上。A.little小的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.single单一的；D.significant有重大意义的。这里与句中的“a single moment of care and responsibility”对应，强调小小的关心和责任也能产生重大影响。故选D。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据内容及所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2025·汕尾市四校联考)
Steven Green was a hard working man who worked all his life to support his family. He never finished college, so he had to take hard labor jobs around the neighborhood. He worked as a builder and a carpenter through the years. He often helped his neighbors whenever he was needed. However, as he grew older, he could no longer do these jobs. His knees grew weak, and his health condition made it difficult for him to do hard work.
Steven's kids didn't live in the same state as him and could only send him a small sum of money because they also led a poor life. Unfortunately, Steven experienced constant physical pain after years of hard work, and he needed to take medicine every day. The money offered by his kids was only enough for food, and his savings were small. Realizing that he needed more money, Steven decided to get a job again. He eventually found a job as a doorkeeper. At first, his salary was enough to pay for the groceries and the medicine he needed. However, due to his advanced age, he started to need more medicine, which cost a lot.
To pay the growing bills, Steven began to take items from his home to a second hand store to get some money. One day, as he was carrying an old radio to the store, his neighbor, Ben, saw him. “Mr. Green, it's so good to see you! How have you been？” Ben asked. “I'm doing great. I'm just selling some stuff at home that I don't need any more for some cash. Being weak is terrible when you're old, so take care of yourself when you are young, alright？” he said almost jokingly. Ben nodded.
“Thanks for the tip, Mr. Green！” he said before waving goodbye. That same day, Steven was cooking dinner when he heard the doorbell ring. Not expecting anyone, he walked curiously to the door.
注意：
1．续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按以下格式作答。
Surprisingly, he saw Ben standing there with a jacket in his arms.
“Ben must have forgotten about the check in the pocket，” Steven thought.
写作提示
故事人物 Steven Green；Ben
故事梗概 这篇文章讲述了一个名叫Steven Green的人一生勤劳工作来养家糊口，但年老后由于身体状况变差而失去工作能力。他的子女住在另一个州，无法给他太多的钱，他开始出售自己的物品来应付日益增加的医疗费用。他的邻居Ben注意到了他的困境并送了他一件夹克衫作为礼物。Steven发现夹克衫口袋里有一张200美元的支票，并反问Ben是否丢失了这张支票。Ben解释说这是他对Steven一直以来的帮助的回报。听到这番话，Steven非常感动，紧紧拥抱了Ben。
续写要点 第一段：描写Ben帮助Steven送给他一件外套夹克；同时描述Steven在夹克中发现了200美元的支票。 第二段：描写steven送还支票给Ben，Ben向其解释帮助他的理由，由此Steven十分感动。
参考范文：
Surprisingly, he saw Ben standing there with a jacket in his arms. “Earlier today, I noticed you weren't wearing a jacket. It's getting cold these days, so I want to give you this jacket as a gift，” Ben said, handing Steven the coat. Steven accepted the gift and thanked Ben a lot. The next day, Steven wore the jacket to work. Feeling cold, he put his hands inside the pockets. Then he found there was something inside. To his surprise, it was a check for $ 200!
“Ben must have forgotten about the check inside the pocket，” Steven thought. He then went to Ben's house. “I believe this is yours，” Steven said, showing Ben the check. But Ben shook his head and said the check was Steven's. Seeing Steven's confused face, Ben explained Steven had helped his mom a lot and that he had never had a chance to repay Steven's kindness before. Therefore, when he realized Steven needed help, he decided to reach out. Hearing those words, Steven was so touched that he hugged Ben tightly.

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