2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件(共45张PPT)

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2026年中考英语之构词法四大法宝课件(共45张PPT)

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(共45张PPT)
构词法四大法宝
目录
01
派生法、合成法、转化法、缩略法
02
词性转换大闯关
派生法前缀后缀
01
派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词)
The cat is unhappy when its toy disappears.
(玩具消失时猫猫不开心)
un-表示否定,happy → unhappy(开心→不开心)
前缀影响
前缀(改变词义)
开心
I dislike broccoli, but I love pizza!
(讨厌西蓝花,但披萨是真爱)
dis-表示相反,like → dislike(喜欢→讨厌)
前缀影响
前缀(改变词义)
两级反转
后缀(改变词性):
后缀作用
通过添加-er、-ful等后缀,实现词汇从动词到名词或形容词的变化。
-er(人):teach → teacher(教→老师)
例句:My teacher dances TikTok better than me!(老师跳抖音比我厉害)
-ful(充满):care → careful(小心→细心的)
例句:Be careful! Your phone is falling!(小心!手机要掉啦!)
口诀记忆法
前缀后缀加加加,
词性变化顶呱呱!
un- dis- 反义词,-er -ful 身份变!
前缀后缀
加前缀:
happy --- unhappy
加后缀:
enjoy --- enjoybale
既加前缀又加后缀:
health ---unhealthy
派生词(derivation)
派生法(Derivation)---词缀法
1. 前缀:
Re-
Rewrite, return, reuse
(重新)
dis- (不)
disagree , dislike , disappear
supermarket, superman
super- (超级)
in/im- (不)
incorrect impossible
常见的后缀
1.名词后缀 :
-er
-or
-tion
-ment
teacher, worker
visitor, actor
education, pollution
development, movement
-ity
-ist
-hood
-ion
名词后缀 :
ability, possibility
pianist, artist
childhood, neighbourhood
action, solution,
常见的后缀
2.形容词后缀:
-ous
-ful
-able
-ant, -ent
-y
dangerous, humorous
helpful, careful
comfortable,
important, excellent
sunny windy
-ern
-en
-(a)n
-ly
-less
-al
eastern southern
golden wooden
American Australian
friendly lovely
Careless homeless
natural national
3. 副词性的词缀:
-ly
quickly, softly, yearly
02
合成(Compounding)
有两个或更多的词合成一个词
"单词手拉手"
两个名词相连形成新词,意义为两者结合的新物品或概念。
组合规则
tooth(牙齿)+ brush(刷子)= toothbrush(牙刷),
例句:I forgot my toothbrush... again!
名词组合
名词+名词:
两个名词相连形成新词,意义为两者结合的新物品或概念。
组合规则
形容词+名词
形容词+名词
black(黑色) + board(板) = blackboard(黑板),单词结合创造新意。
口诀记忆法
单词手拉手,
合体变新秀!
牙刷黑板合成走,
考试分数不用愁!
合成法
03
转化法(Conversion)
→ "变形金刚"
转化法
定义:不改变单词形式,直接转换词性
(如名词→动词、动词→名词等)。
特点:像“变形金刚”,一词多用,灵活高效!
趣味比喻:
“一个单词,双重身份!无需化妆,直接‘跨界’!”
变形金刚
名词→动词:
单词 名词含义 动词含义 例句(中英对照)
water 水 浇水 I water my plants once a month... if I remember.
(我每月给植物浇水一次…如果我记得的话。)
book 书 预订 I booked a KTV room for Friday night!
(我预订了周五晚的KTV!)
Google 谷歌(名词) 用谷歌搜索 “Just Google it!” says the teacher.
(老师说:“谷歌一下就知道了!”)
phone 电话 打电话 Mom phoned me: “Stop gaming!”
(老妈打电话来:“别打游戏了!”)
变形金刚
动词→名词:
单词 动词含义 名词含义 例句(中英对照)
talk 说话 谈话 The talk about exams made me nervous.
(关于考试的谈话让我紧张。)
run 跑 跑步;管理 I hate morning runs, but I love running a TikTok account!
(我讨厌晨跑,但爱运营抖音号!)
study 学习 书房;研究 My study is full of manga books.
(我的书房里全是漫画书。)
call 呼叫 电话;号召 I missed a call from my BFF.
(我错过了闺蜜的电话。)
变形金刚
形容词 → 动词(Adj → Verb)
单词 形容词含义 动词含义 例句(中英对照)
empty 空的 倒空 I emptied the fridge... because I was hungry!
(我清空了冰箱…因为太饿了!)
calm 冷静的 使平静 “Calm down!” Mom said, while I failed the game.
(我游戏输了,老妈说:“冷静!”)
dirty 脏的 弄脏 My cat dirtied my new shoes... again!
(我的猫又弄脏了我的新鞋!)
① 副词 → 动词:
up(向上)→ up(提高)
例句:I upped my score in PUBG!
(我提高了吃鸡游戏的分数!)
② 介词 → 动词:
by(通过)→ by(经过)
例句:Time bies quickly when you play games!
(一打游戏,时间就飞逝!)
变形金刚
其他趣味转化
口诀记忆法
词性变身超灵活,
无需变形直接活!
浇水还是水,
聊天变谈话!
转化法
避坑指南
1. 同形不同音(重音变化):
record [ rek rd](名词:记录)
→ record [r k rd](动词:录制)
例句:I recorded a record of my cat’s meows.(我录制了猫咪叫声的记录。)
2. 同形但易混淆:
like(动词:喜欢)vs like(介词:像)
例句:I like people like you!
(我喜欢像你这样的人!)
转化法
任务:找出以下句子中“转化法”的单词并解释:
1.I mailed the mail yesterday.
(我昨天寄了那封邮件。)
2.Let’s party tonight!
(今晚开派对吧!)
3.She eyed the cake hungrily.
(她盯着蛋糕直流口水。)
答案:
mail(名词→动词); party(名词→动词);eye(名词→动词)
魔术师转化法
转化法(Conversion)
taste
n. 味道
v.尝起来
{
It has a good taste.
It tastes very good.
record
n.记录
v. 记录
{
He broke the record.
He likes to record something while reading a book.
water ,break,watch,
boat, cook , open;
clean, light; orange;
play, colour
What are the meanings of these Words
词性转换大闯关
名词变形容词(加后缀)

-ful:
care → careful(细心的)
例句:Be careful with your phone!(手机拿稳了!)
-less:
hope → hopeless(没希望的)
例句:My math test is hopeless...(数学考试没救了)
-y:
sun → sunny(晴朗的)
例句:Sunny days are for sleeping!(晴天适合睡觉!)
口诀:
名词变形容,后缀来助攻!
-ful是满满,-less空荡荡,
-y结尾像太阳!
词性转换大闯关
动词变名词(加后缀)
-ment:
enjoy → enjoyment(乐趣)
例句:The enjoyment of gaming is real!(游戏的快乐是真的!)
-tion:
invent → invention(发明)
例句:The best invention Wi-Fi!(最棒的发明?无线网!)
-er:
dance → dancer(舞者)
例句:TikTok made me a dancer!(抖音让我变舞者!)
口诀:
动词变名词,加后缀就行!
-ment -tion -er,身份立马成!
词性转换大闯关
形容词变副词(加-ly)
quick → quickly(快速地)
例句:Eat quickly! The bell is ringing!(快吃!上课铃响了!)
happy → happily(快乐地)
例句:She danced happily like a puppy.(她快乐得像只小狗)
例外:
good → well(好→好地)
例句:I slept well... until the alarm rang!(睡挺好…直到闹钟响!)
口诀:
形容词变副词,-ly结尾别忘记!
good变well要特记,
考试不扣冤枉分!
形容词变副词(加-ly)

形容词变副词的终极原因:
“为了精准修饰,不当‘形容词的叛徒’!”
形容词只能“贴名词”,
副词却能“四处打工”——修饰动词、形容词、其他副词甚至整个句子!
就像给句子装上“细节放大镜”,让表达更生动具体!
形容词变副词(加-ly)

修饰动词:
形容词:He is a quick runner. (他是一名快的跑步者→修饰名词runner)
副词:He runs quickly. (他跑得很快→修饰动词run)
趣味例句:
TikTok上,She dances crazy( 错误)
→ She dances crazily( 对)!
(形容词crazy不能直接修饰动词dance,必须变副词crazily!)
举个栗子
形容词变副词(加-ly)

修饰形容词/其他副词:
The game is really exciting! (真的好玩→修饰形容词exciting)
He speaks extremely fast. (极其快→修饰副词fast)
搞笑例句:“你作业写得非常非常慢”
→ “You did your homework extremely slowly!”(两个副词叠加,突出“慢到离谱”!)
修饰整个句子:
Luckily, I found my lost AirPods! (幸运的是,我找到了耳机!)
“Unfortunately, the teacher forgot to assign homework!”
(不幸的是,老师忘记布置作业了!)
举个栗子
常见“坑”提醒:

不是所有-ly都是副词!
friendly(友好的)→ 形容词(看似副词,实际是形容词!)
例句:The friendly cat waved happily.(友好的猫开心地挥手)
口诀:
“friendly是伪装者,-ly结尾也骗人!”
特例要牢记:
good(好)→ well(好地)
例句:You did well!(你做得好!)
学生梗:“吃鸡玩得good( )→ 吃鸡玩得well( )!”
04
缩略法(Abbreviation)
→ "懒人缩写术"
懒人缩写术
首字母缩写:
NASA(美国宇航局) = National Aeronautics and Space Administration
例句:NASA found aliens Not yet!
(NASA找到外星人?还没呢!)
截短法:
advertisement → ad(广告)
例句:Skip the ad! I just want to watch the video!
(跳过广告!我要看视频!)
口诀记忆法
懒人缩写术,
省时又省力!
NASA不是那啥,ad不是阿弟!
缩略法
错误句:“She sings beautiful.”
→ 哪里错了?
答案:beautiful是形容词,不能修饰动词sings,
必须改成beautifully!
趣味改句:“她唱歌像百灵鸟”
→ “She sings beautifully like a lark!”

1、单项选择
37.We believe that we can hold the Beijing 2008
Olympic Games ________.
A.Successful B.successfully
C.success D.succeed
2、单词分类
A.calling B.often C.scientific
D.fantastic E.helping F.usually
42.Thank you for ________/________ me.
43.They ________/_______ play basketball
after school.
44.The invention is very ________/________.
B
A
E
B
F
C
D
用词的正确形式填空
94.Guangxi organized some ________ teams
to leave for Wenchuan to help the people
there (medicine)
87.—Are you Canadian —No.I am ________.( Australia)
93.—Who lives ________ from the school.
Sam,Amy or Linda
—Linda.(far )
Australian
farthest
medicial
短文填空
Dolphins are 71.___________ (interest) animals
and researchers find them smart to watch. They
72._________ (have) no hands,but can use tools
to solve problems,just like us. There is no
evidence that dolphins have a language of their
own,but they can understand many sign
73._________(language). They can respond(反应)
quite74._________ (correct) and quickly. Dolphins
live in a very different world, but they
are good at 75._________ (do) our “intelligent
(智能的) tests”.
interesting
have
languages
correctly
doing
谢谢

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