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(共20张PPT)
Unit 7 The natural world
Grammar
Revision
1 Winter arrives. ___________________
2 It is cold and snowy. ___________________
3 The snow is falling on the ground. ___________________
4 I like snowmen. ___________________
5 My friends and I are making snowmen. ___________________
6 My snowman looks funny. ___________________
Write down the correct structure for each of sentences.
S + V
S + V + P
S + V
S + V + O
S + V + O
S + V + P
The sun gives
ocean animals
light and heat.
S
V
O
O
O(indirect)
O(direct)
Rule 1
Some verbs can take two objects, a _______ object and an _______ object.
Sentence structure: ________________________________
direct
indirect
S + V + O(indirect) + O(direct)
What？
The sun gives ocean animals light and heat.
The sun gives __________________________.
light and heat to ocean animals
We can change the order of the direct and the indirect objects by using _____.
to
Can you think of more verbs like “give”
How？
Rule 2
We should build local wildlife a better life.
We should build ________________________.
a better life for local wildlife
We can change the order of the direct and the indirect objects by using _____.
for
Can you think of more verbs like “build“
Rule 3
Find and write the main structures of the underlined sentences using
S + V + O + O.
S
V
O
O
S
V
O
O
Little rain and too much sunshine make deserts dry.
The water can keep them healthy.
They keep the planet healthy.
Plants make the water clean.
What？
S
V
O
adj.
give more information about the object
object complement (C)
___________________ can also follow a direct object to give more information about the object.
Sentence structure: ________________________________
An object complement
S + V + O(direct) + C
Rule 4
They call the ocean the “heart” of the earth.
We made the forest the topic of this class.
I saw him crossing the street.
I had my computer repaired.
The object complement can be ________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________.
Rule 5
adjectives, nouns/noun phrases, prepositional phrases, the -ing form of verbs, the -ed form of verbs, and infinitives
Turn to page 163 for further study.
The ocean provides a home for animals all year round.
We can add an adverbial to the structures above. We use an adverbial to show when, where or how an action is done.
Summary
1 Sentence structures: _____________________________
_____________________________
2 We can change the order of the direct and the indirect objects by using __ or __.
3 We can add an adverbial to the structures above. We use an adverbial to show
when, where or how an action is done.
S + V + O(direct) + C
S + V + O(indirect) + O(direct)
for
to
What？
Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain.
This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.
Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland.
Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves.
conjunctions
join ideas together
similar or related ideas
We use ______ to join similar or related ideas.
Rule 1
and
When joining more than _______ expressions, we usually only put and before the ________.
Rule 2
two
last
How？
different ideas
We use ______ to join ideas that are different.
Rule 3
but
two possibilities
We use ______ to introduce another possibility.
Rule 4
or
Why do we use or in Sentence 1 while and in Sentence 2 & 3
more than two expressions
negative sentences
positive sentences
In negative sentences, we use ______ to join two or more ideas.
Rule 5
or
the result
We use ______ to express the result of something.
Rule 6
so
The dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat.
Because the dog was hungry, so we gave it something to eat.
Tip: We cannot use “because” and “but” together.
Rainforests are hot, and they get a lot of rain.
This kind of fish can find enough space here, but they can find little food.
Birds can live in the forest or in the wetland.
Deserts are dry, so some plants keep water in their leaves.
Why do we use comma in Sentence 1, 2 and 3
Tip: When connecting two sentences, a comma is used before the
conjunction.
Grasslands can be hot, so animals sit under the shade of trees.
Wetlands can have salt water or (they can have) fresh water.
There are forests in Asia and (there are forests) in Europe.
Deserts are dry, but they are not always hot.
Some rainforest animals don’t like wind, and they don’t like rain .
Tip: It’s not necessary to repeat “they can have” and “there are forests”.
Xiao Ya: Mom, where does water come from
Mom: There is water everywhere. It’s under the ground, in the ocean ______ in
the sky.
Xiao Ya: ______ I can’t see any water in the sky.
Mom: It’s in the air. On sunny days, water goes up into the sky ______ forms
clouds.
Xiao Ya: I see. As we all know, water is very important to us.
Mom: Yes. We need to drink water every day.
Xiao Ya: We also need to use a lot of water in our life.
Mom: That’s right. It’s lucky that we have a lot of water on the earth, ______
we call the earth a blue planet. _____ we can only use about 1% of the
water on the earth. The rest is all sea water ______ ice.
Xiao Ya: That is very little water. Let’s save every drop of water.
Xiao Ya and her mum are talking something about water. Please help them complete the dialogue using and, but, or and so.
and
But
and
so
But
or
Summary
conjunctions
and
but
or
so
join ideas together
similar or related ideas
When joining more than two expressions, we usually only put and before the last.
different ideas
In negative sentences, we use or to join two or more ideas.
introduce another possibility
express the result of something
We cannot use “because” and “but” together.
For all:
1. Talk about ecosystems using S + V + O + O and S + V + O + C. Use and, but, or and so to join your ideas.
2. Preview Word power on page 100.
For some:
Search online for more information about sentence structures and conjunctions.
Homework

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