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　动词和动词短语
专题八
河南中考命题特点及预测
　　分析河南近四年中考真题可知，动词和动词短语是必考点，且考查的题目较多，主要在完形填空和语篇填空两大题型中考查。在完形填空中，主要考查在语境中正确理解动词或动词短语的词义，以单个的动词居多，动词短语一般每年考查一个，主要是动词与介词或副词搭配的含义。在语篇填空的第一节中，主要考查通过语境分析和句意选择适当的动词，然后将其变为适当的形式，包括动词的原形、动词时态和语态等。在语篇填空的第二节中，主要考查系动词、助动词、情态动词等，有时也考查与动词构成的短语中的介词或副词。
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词词义辨析 2025 完形填空 43 spare collect/heat/check
Can you spare a little of your lunch for me？
45 kept served/tasted/wasted
…and he took from his bag some food that he kept for later， and wanted to give it to the poor man.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词词义辨析 2025 完形填空 47 teach leave/force/warn
But if you wish， I can lend you my ax （斧子） and teach you to cut wood.
51 carrying passing/storing/throwing
At the end of the day， the three men walked to the market，carrying the wood that they had cut.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查 内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词短语 2025 完形填空 52 sold out sent off/given away/used up
Very soon， all of their wood was sold out.
动词词义辨析 语篇填空 55 choose return/repair/clean
…and then he took Clark to a shop in the town and helped him choose an ax.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查 内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词词义辨析 2025 语篇填空 60 travel→ traveled/ travelled In order to learn how to paint landscapes （风景）， Wu followed a great painter and he traveled/travelled to many places with mountains and rivers.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查 内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词词义辨析 2025 语篇填空 62 turn Also， he became the first artist in Chinese art history to turn landscapes into a new kind of painting.
65 consider→ considered No wonder he is considered as a “Sage of Art” （画圣） in China.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词短语 2024 完形填空 43 listen to talk about/turn down/wait for
After that， whenever he felt worried about something， he would listen to white noise with his headphones.
动词词义辨析 45 remembered expected/decided/discovered
He remembered he had left them on his desk， but they were gone.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词词义辨析 2024 完形填空 46 borrowing repairing/cleaning/breaking
His little brother Andy was always borrowing his things—without asking.
48 threw tied/burnt/placed
He grabbed （抓起） one of his brother’s toys and threw it on the ground， breaking it into two pieces.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词词义辨析 2024 完形填空 49 cry rest/help/share
Andy started to cry， and Frank stormed out， feeling better.
52 stopped kept/enjoyed/practiced
Frank stopped shouting.
53 know wish/hear/promise
In a calm （平静的） voice， he said， “I know what I did was bad.I’m sorry， Andy.I …”
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
被动语态 2024 语篇填空 60 need→needed The boy cried because the money was needed to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother.
动词时态 62 catch→caught Bao caught the man who dropped the coin and told everyone that he stole the boy’s coins.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词 词义 辨析 2023 完形填空 42 placed raised/dropped/repaired
He carefully placed the hat on his head and started walking …
动词时态 44 stopped guided/praised/refused
Suddenly，three boys in his neighborhood appeared and stopped him.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词 词义 辨析 2023 完形填空 45 laughed replied/wondered/greeted
The boys laughed，“Will anyone wear that stupid thing？”
动词短语 47 looked up came up/gave up/showed up
Suddenly he looked up and saw a lady looking at him.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词 词义 辨析 2023 完形填空 51 create show/meet/plan
“Keep inventing and one day you will create something really great！” said the lady.
动词-ing 形式 语篇填空 59 work→ working They say I can choose whatever I want to do in the end if I keep working hard at school.
动词时态 65 decide→ decided Have you decided what you want to do
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查 内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词短语 2022 完形填空 42 look after look for/look over/look through
Bella entered her room and heard the cries from her little sister.She knew her dad would expect her to look after her sister.
动词 词义 辨析 46 realized explained/expected/promised
Suddenly，something happened inside Bella.She realized that her father，as well as a husband，must be really worried.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查 内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词 词义 辨析 2022 完形填空 52 manage decide/forget/understand
“OK， Daddy ，” said Bella.
“Everything will be all right and we can manage.” At the moment，she saw a smile on her father’s face.
54 bring keep/turn/hold
It was really good to bring a smile to her father’s face，even for only a moment.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词 词义 辨析 2022 完形填空 55 support refuse/control/introduce
“Daddy，whatever happens，we will be OK. Right？” “Yes，we will.If we support each other，we’ll always be all right.”
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查 内容 干扰项/语境呈现
动词时态 2022 语篇填空 57 develop→ developed But many children haven’t developed the right habit of hand washing.
动词原形 59 solve Issar and his friend decided to solve the problem using a fun method.
系动词 66 are There are a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life.
中考语法考点透析
命题点1　动词
动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
（一）实义动词
实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法功能可以分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1. 及物动词
及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
（1）动词＋宾语。如：
I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
（2）动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语。如：
We call him Barry.我们叫他巴里。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意：接省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：have，see，watch，notice，hear等。
（3）动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语。如：
Please pass me the salt.请把盐给我。
注意：常见的带双宾语的动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell等。
2. 不及物动词
不及物动词自身意思完整，不用接宾语。如：
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
（1）有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。如：
We study English.我们学习英语。（及物动词）
We study hard.我们努力学习。（不及物动词）
（2）有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语，它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词＋介词。如：
Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词＋副词＋介词。如：
Let’s go on with our work！让我们继续工作吧！
He gets along well with his classmates.他和他的同学和睦相处。
注意：这类动词短语后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。
3. 延续性动词和非延续性动词
（1）延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live， study， work， keep， teach等。如：
We have lived in Zhengzhou since 2019.自2019年以来，我们一直住在郑州。
You can keep this book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
（2）非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一旦发生立即结束，如：be动词，buy， lend， borrow， die，begin， stop， finish， arrive， join， go， come， catch等，非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他的词代替。如：
The old man has been dead for two years.那个老人已经去世两年了。（这里不能用has died）
He arrived here five days ago.他五天前到这儿的。
create　provide　lay　reduce　require　miss　protect　increase
1. （2025福建改编）—I’d like to travel to Shandong.
—Mount Taishan is a place of interest.You can’t 　miss　 it.
2. （2025江西改编）Mozart 　created　 many pieces of beautiful music.That’s why he is so famous.
3. （2025黑龙江绥化改编）On the Dragon Boat Festival， my mother cooked delicious zongzi and 　laid　 them on the plate.
miss　
created　
laid　
选词填空。
4. （2025吉林改编）The earth is our home.Everyone should begin with small things to 　protect　 it.
5. （2025甘肃白银改编）A low-fat diet can 　reduce　 the risk of heart disease.
6. （2025黑龙江改编）China has made great achievements in protecting pandas.The number of wild pandas has 　increased　 a lot.
7. （2025黑龙江绥化改编）It’s our duty to protect the nature because it 　provides　us with fresh air and clean water.
8. （2025安徽改编）Paper-cutting is not easy to learn.It 　requires　 much practice， patience and imagination.
protect　
reduce　
increased　
provides　
requires　
（二）系动词
系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词没有被动语态，常见的系动词有：
类别 例词 例句
表示主语所处的状态 be动词（am，is，are，was，were） He is a strong man.他是一个强壮的人。
类别 例词 例句
表示人体感官的系动词 taste，look，feel，smell， sound This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。
The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
表示主语从一种状态转换到另一种状态 become，get，turn，grow Her face turns red.她的脸红了。
类别 例词 例句
表示某种状态的继续或保持 keep，stay， remain You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。
表示主语所呈现出来的状态 seem， appear Mr.Wang seems very angry.王先生似乎很生气。
用系动词的适当形式填空。
smell　 look　taste　feel　 sound
9. （2025甘肃省白银市改编） If you have any questions about my life in the U. S. ， 　feel　 free to ask.
10. （2025江苏省扬州市改编）In Xi’an， he enjoyed tasty roujiamo， while in Inner Mongolia， he 　tasted　 the famous air-dried beef.
feel　
tasted　
11. （2025内蒙古自治区改编）Let’s keep in touch. 　Looking　 forward to meeting you soon.
12. （2025安徽改编）The ability to change shape will 　sound　 like magic—but what’s the secret bebind it？
13. （2025广西改编）Slow down， go outside， and notice what’s around us.Listen， touch and 　smell　， and we will really notice a benefit in our mental health.
Looking　
sound　
smell　
（三）助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语。它必须和别的动词连用，帮助构成时态、语态、否定句和疑问句等结构。常用的助动词有be，have，has，had，do，does，did，will和 shall等。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
14. （2025四川南充改编） He felt pleased and seemed to forget the problem that he 　had　（have） to wait on the train.
15. （2025陕西改编）Of all the bridges over the West Lake， the Broken Bridge 　is　（be） said to be the most famous.
16. （2025四川达州改编）A team of experts in food， health， and sports 　will　（will） work together to finish the guide.
had　
is　
will　
17. （2025广西壮族自治区改编） As a result， new bamboo-based materials 　were　（be）produced and chosen as an excellent building material to build the scenic platforms of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge.
18. （2025贵州改编）Everyone has a special talent， even if he or she 　doesn’t　（do not） know it yet.
were　
doesn’t　
（四）情态动词
有一定的词义，本身并不表示动作或状态，而仅仅表示说话人的态度。它在句中需要和主要动词一起构成谓语。（详见“专题九　情态动词”）
命题点2　动词短语
一、常见的动词短语的形式
动词短语 示例
动词＋介词 laugh at 嘲笑 worry about 担心
agree with 赞成 wait for 等待
look for 寻找 think about 考虑
动词短语 示例
动词＋副词 break out 爆发 pick up 捡起
throw away 扔掉 cut off 切除
put off 推迟 grow up 长大
动词＋名词 make mistakes 犯错误
make progress 取得进步
have fun 玩得开心
动词短语 示例
动词＋介词＋名词 go to school 去学校
go to bed 上床睡觉
动词＋副词＋介词 stay away from 远离
get along with 进展；相处
动词＋名词＋介词 make friends with 和……交朋友
take care of 照顾
二、常见的动词短语
（一）不同动词＋同一介词/副词
about短语 argue about 争论　bring about 带来　
care about 关心；在意　complain about 抱怨　
dream about 梦想；梦到　hear about 听说
at短语 arrive at 到达　laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看　knock at 敲　point at 指向
away短语 fly away飞走　give away 赠送；分发 go away 离开　
put away 将……收起来　throw away 扔掉　run away 逃跑
back短语 bring back 恢复；使想起；归还
call （sb.） back（给某人）回电话　
come back 回来；再度流行　give back 归还
down短语 break down 出故障　calm down 平静下来
cut down 砍倒；削减　fall down 摔倒　
let （sb.） down 使（某人）失望　lie down 躺下　
pull down 拆下；摧毁
off短语 break off 中止；中断；弄断
clean off 扫除；擦去　 get off 下车
give off 派遣；发出　 go off 发出响声
pay off 还清债务；成功　 put off 拖延；推迟
run off 逃跑　 see…off 为……送行；送别
on短语 decide on 决定；选定　depend on 依靠　keep on 继续　hold on 等一等；坚持　pass on 传递　
live/feed on 以……为食；靠……为生
out短语 break out 爆发　 blow out 吹灭　
bring out 使显现；使表现出　carry out 执行；贯彻
check out 察看；观察　 clear out 把……清除　
come out 出现；显露；出版 cut out 切断；删除　 die out 灭绝 find out 查明；发现　
give out 分发 go out 出去　
hand out 分发；发放 hang out 闲逛　
leave out 遗漏；省去
up短语 bring up 提出；养育；培养　cheer up 使振奋　
grow up 成长；长大　
look up 查阅（词典等）；抬头看　
hurry up 快点　make up 编造；组成；化妆　
pick up 捡起 put up 张贴　set up 建立；创立；开办
show up 出现；露面
with短语 agree/disagree with 同意/不同意……的观点　begin/start with 以……开始　catch up with 赶上；超过　come up with 提出；想出
deal with 解决，处理　keep up with 紧跟；跟上　
talk with与……谈论
over短语 come over 顺便来访　fall over 绊倒　
get over 克服；恢复；原谅　go over 重温；复习　
look over（仔细）检查
（二）同一动词＋不同介词/副词
come短语 come back 回来　come down 下来　come from 来自　
come in 进来　come across 偶然碰到　
come along 出现；到来　come on 快点；加油　
come out 出现；显露
look短语 look over（仔细）检查　look through 浏览
look up 查（词典等）；抬头看　
look down upon/on 瞧不起　look forward to 盼望；期待
give短语 give away 赠送；分发　give back 归还；恢复（健康等）　give in 投降　give off 发出　give out 分发；发放　
give up 放弃
get短语 get away 逃离　get back 回来　get down 下来　
get in 进入　get into 卷入；进入　get off 下车　
get on 进展；上车　get out 离开；出去　get over 克服
get to 到达　get on/along with与 ……相处
put短语 put away 把……收好　put back 放回原处；推迟　
put down 写下；记下　put in/into 插入；放进　
put off 推迟　put on 穿上；戴上　put out 扑灭；熄灭
put through 接通；完成　put up 搭建；张贴
take短语 take action 采取行动　take after 与（父母等）相像　
take away 带走　take care 当心；小心　take care of 照顾　take down 拆卸；记录　take in 吸入；吞入（体内）
turn短语 turn down 调低（音量）；拒绝　turn in 上交　
turn into（使）变成　turn off 关闭　turn on 打开　
turn out 结果是；证明是　turn to 转向；求助于　
turn up 调高（音量）；出现
用恰当的词填空。
19. When things aren’t going well， he always encourages me and tells me not to give 　up　.
20. Luckily for the villagers， the firemen put 　out　 the big fire in time.
21. （2025福建改编）—How did you work 　out　 the difficult math problem？
—With my teacher’s help.
up　
out　
out　
22. （2025甘肃白银改编）Steven made 　up　his mind to clean up the city parks with other volunteers on Earth Day.
up　
23. （2025甘肃白银改编）You are not supposed to cut 　in　 line in public places.
24. （2025黑龙江绥化改编）The lights are still on and please turn them 　off　 to save energy.
25. （2025四川达州改编）—Now we need to come up 　with　 a plan to tell people about our book sales.
—I think we could put 　up　 signs.
in　
off　
with　
up　
26. （2025江苏扬州改编）Stress comes and goes.Sometimes you just need to calm 　down　.
down　

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