2026年河南中考英语专题复习(人教版) 专题十 动词的时态和语态 课件(共35张PPT)

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2026年河南中考英语专题复习(人教版) 专题十 动词的时态和语态 课件(共35张PPT)

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(共35张PPT)
 动词的时态和语态
专题十
河南中考命题特点及预测
  分析河南近四年中考真题可知,动词的时态和语态是必考点,对动词的时态和语态的考查主要集中在语篇填空中。在语篇填空第一节中,主要涉及动词时态和语态的谓语动词的适当形式,除了一般现在时和一般过去时的主动语态以外,空白前往往给出谓语动词的助动词,需要考生根据语境、句意以及给出的助动词等,写出所选动词的现在分词、过去分词、动词原形等形式,如空白前出现助动词is、am、are、was、were、will be、could be、have、has、don’t、doesn’t、didn’t等,空白处往往需要考虑是否填写动词的现在分词、过去分词、原形等形式,以构成现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、一般现在时、一般过去时等,或一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时等的被动语态。在语篇填空第二节中,主要涉及构成动词时态或语态的助动词部分,如is、am、are、was、were、will、would、have、has、do、does、did等。
  在语篇填空中,每年一般考查2~3道动词时态和语态题,包括一般过去时(根据全文时态判定)、一般现在时(根据前后语境判定)、过去进行时(空前有was/were)、现在进行时(空前有are)、现在完成时和一般将来时等。
  动词的语态以考查主动语态为主,对被动语态的考查较少,主要考查一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态、一般将来时的被动语态和含情态动词的被动语态等。
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 语境呈现
动词时态 2025 语篇填空 60 一般过去时 In order to learn how to paint landscapes (风景), Wu followed a great painter and he travelled/
traveled to many places with mountains and rivers.
被动语态 65 一般现在时的被动语态 No wonder he is considered as a “Sage of Art” (画圣) in China.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 语境呈现
被动语态 2024 语篇填空 60 一般过去时的被动语态 The boy cried because the money was needed to pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother.
动词时态 62 一般过 去时 Bao caught the man who dropped the coin and told everyone that he stole the boy’s coins.
66 一般现 在时 We’re supposed to keep in mind that it is important to tell the truth.
考查项目 年份 题型 题号 考查内容 语境呈现
动词时态 2023 语篇填空 65 现在完 成时 Have you decided what you want to do?
动词时态 2022 语篇填空 57 现在完 成时 But many children haven’t developed the right habit of hand washing.
动词时态 66 一般现在时 There are a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a good life.
中考语法考点透析
命题点1 动词的时态
动词的时态是每年中考的必考点,解答动词的时态试题的关键是分析语境,识别标志词,根据句中已有的时态推测空格处应该选用的时态,可以运用主从时态呼应等原则。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一 般 现 在 时 结构: 1.主语+am/is/are+其他 2.主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式+其他 标志词: 1.频度副词 always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,hardly 1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作,常与频度副词连用。如:
My brother always swims for an hour in summer.我哥哥夏天的时候总是游泳一个小时。
2.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如:
The earth moves around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一 般 现 在 时 2.频率词组 once a year,twice a month,three times a day等 3.其他词组 on Sundays,at/on weekends, every day/year… 3.主将从现——在以if,unless,as soon as,when,once,until等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来。如:
Unless we talk to someone,we’ll certainly feel worse.除非我们和某人交谈,否则我们肯定会感觉更糟。
4.表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作,用一般现在时表将来,但仅限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive等词。如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.火车明天早上六点发车。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一 般 过 去 时 结构: 1.主语+was/were+其他 2.主语+动词过去式+其他 标志词: 1.ago及ago词组 2.yesterday及yesterday词组 3.last及last词组 1.表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
She finished reading a book about robots last week.她上周读完了一本关于机器人的书。
2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作,常与always,usually,often,sometimes,never等频度副词连用。如:
When I was a child,I often played basketball in the park.当我是一个小孩时,我经常在公园打篮球。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一 般 过 去 时 4.just now,in the past,in 1920等 5.at the age of…,used to… 6.one day,long long ago,once upon a time… 3.在since引导的时间状语从句中,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。如:
My uncle has worked in the company since he came to Zhengzhou.我叔叔自到郑州以来一直在这家公司工作。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一 般 将 来 时 结构: 主语+will/shall/be going to+动词原形+其他 标志词: 1.tomorrow,soon,later 2.next week/month(next系列) 3.in a week,in 2027,in+一段时间 4.some day,in the (near) future 1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如:
They will leave for Shanghai next week.他们下周将要去上海。
2.表示某种必然的趋势。如:
Fish will die without water.鱼没有水会死。
3.主将从现。[详解见本表格“一般现在时”的常见用法及例句第3条]
4.“be going to+动词原形”,表示计划、打算做某事,表示已决定的、很可能发生的事,或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如:
Look at the dark clouds.There is going to be a storm.看那乌云。将要有一场暴风雨。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
一 般 将 来 时 结构: 主语+will/shall/be going to+动词原形+其他 标志词: 1.tomorrow,soon,later 2.next week/month(next系列) 3.in a week,in 2027,in+一段时间 4.some day,in the (near) future 5.现在进行时表示将来,常用于这种结构的动词有go,come,leave,stay,start,begin 等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。如:
She is going there tomorrow.她明天将去那儿。
6.“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”,表示即将发生的动作。如:
The train is about to start.火车就要开了。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现 在 进 行 时 结构: 主语+am/is/are+动词现在分词+其他 标志词: 1.now,right now 2.at present,at this time,at the/this moment 3.these days 4.when,while 5.Look!/Listen! 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。如:
Look!My brother is reading a book.看!我哥哥正在读书。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如:
They are studying hard this term.他们这学期学习很努力。
3.go,leave,arrive,start等动词用现在进行时表示将来。如:
I am leaving this Sunday.我这个星期日离开。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
过 去 进 行 时 结构: 主语+was/were+动词现在分词+其他 标志词: 1.then 2.at that time,at ten yesterday,at this time yesterday 3.when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句 1.表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。如:
—What were you doing at nine last night?昨天晚上九点你在干什么?
—I was watching TV at that time.那时我正在看电视。
2.表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作。如:
What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday?昨天七点到九点你在干什么?
3.与always等频度副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时常带有一定的感彩。如:
Jack was always changing his mind.杰克总是改变他的主意。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现 在 完 成 时 结构: 主语+have/has+动词过去分词 标志词: 1.already,ever,never,just,yet,still 2.recently,lately,so far,up to/till now 3.in the past/last three years/… 4.since 2023(since+时间点) 5.for three years(for+一段时间) 1.表示已完成的动作的用法:表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。如:
—Have you had lunch yet?你吃过午饭了吗?
—Yes,I have.I’ve just had it.是的,我吃过了。我刚吃过。
2.表示未完成的动作的用法:表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态,也许还要持续下去,常和for,since连用,表示持续的动作或状态的动词多为延续性动词。如:
We have lived here since 2020.我们自从2020年就住在这里。
时态 基本结构及时间标志词 常见用法及例句
现 在 完 成 时 结构: 主语+have/has+动词过去分词 标志词: 1.already,ever,never,just,yet,still 2.recently,lately,so far,up to/till now 3.in the past/last three years/… 4.since 2023(since+时间点) 5.for three years(for+一段时间) 3.特殊用法:have gone to已去某地(未回来);have been to曾去过某地(已回来);have been in已经在某地。如:
She has gone to Canada on vacation.她去加拿大度假了。
I have been to an English summer school to improve my English.我去过一个英语暑期学校提升我的英语。
知识必背
动词第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词、现在分词和动名词的规则变化
形式 构成 举例
第三人称单数 一般在动词原形后直接加-s work→works read→reads
以s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的动词,后加-es go→goes wash→washes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es fly→flies study→studies
形式 构成 举例
过去式与过去分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed work→worked stay→stayed
以不发音的e结尾的动词后直接加-d close→closed like→liked
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,将y变为i,再加-ed study→studied carry→carried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned
形式 构成 举例
现在分词与动名词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing sleep→sleeping wait→waiting
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing smile→smiling move→moving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母,再加-ing sit→sitting dig→digging
run→running
少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying lie→lying tie→tying
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. (2025甘肃白银改编)It seems that  kissing (kiss) is a worldwide way to greet someone for the first time.
2. (2025天津改编)When David sees these postcards, he will  remember (remember) his wonderful travel experiences.
3. (2025江苏连云港改编)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water  produce (produce) little pollution and will never run out.
kissing 
remember 
produce 
4. (2025四川达州改编)—When an earthquake hit Yinchuan’s Jinfeng District, Guo Qing, a high school student,   helped (help) a classmate who was disabled.
—He is kind and brave.Everyone  takes  (take) pride in him.
helped 
takes 
5. (2025安徽改编)—Thanks a lot for yesterday.I had a good time visiting the ancient town.
—It  was  (be) my great pleasure to hang out with you.
was 
6. (2025江苏连云港改编)Our class went on a camping trip last Sunday.We  put (put) up our tent near a lake.
put 
7. (2025四川省改编)Without  thinking (think) twice, the students rushed to help him.
8. (2025四川德阳改编)In the 1980s, many people  went (go) to night schools for further education.
9. (2025福建改编)In recent years, the government of Tianzhu has spent more and more money  protecting (protect) the wall.
thinking 
went 
protecting 
命题点2 动词的语态
1. 常考被动语态的结构
语态 结构 例句
一般现在时的被动语态 am/is/are+done He is loved by all his pupils.他受到所有学生的喜爱。
一般过去时的被动语态 was/were+done A new robot was invented by a middle school student last term.一个新机器人在上学期被一位中学生发明。
一般将来时的被动语态 will/shall/be going to+be+done The bridge will be finished by workers in a month.这座桥(的修建)将被工人们在一个月内完成。
2. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
口诀:宾变主,主变宾,谓语动词变被动。
注意:
①谓语动词带双宾语时,既可以将间接宾语转化为主语,也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语;若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如:
She gave me a book.(改为被动语态)
→I was given a book by her.(间接宾语me改为主语)
→A book was given to me by her.(直接宾语a book改为主语,在me前加to)
②不及物动词可以与副词、介词等搭配构成及物动词短语,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。此时需注意动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变成被动语态时,不可丢掉动词短语中的介词或副词。如:
We should take good care of the old.(改为被动语态)
→The old should be taken good care of by us.(of不可以省略)
③主动句中的使役动词make,have等和感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上动词不定式符号to。当感官动词see,hear,watch,feel,notice等后跟动词-ing形式时,改成被动语态仍然保留动词-ing形式。如:
People make robots work in the factory all day long.(改为被动语态)
→Robots are made to work in the factory all day long by people.(work前加上了to)
The teacher saw some boys playing football in the playground.(改成被动语态)
→Some boys were seen playing football in the playground by the teacher.(playing仍为动词-ing形式)
④不及物动词没有被动语态,有些表示状态的及物动词(词组),如cost,have,own,possess,belong to等也不能用于被动语态。如:
The students have many good qualities.这些学生有许多好的品质。
3. 使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁。如:
The telephone was invented in 1876.电话于1876年被发明出来。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如:
Smoking isn’t allowed in the gas station.加油站内不允许吸烟。
(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者。如:
Your work must be finished today.你的工作必须今天完成。
(4)动作的发出者不是人。如:
The tea is packed and sent to many different countries and places around the world.茶被打包并送往全世界很多不同的国家和地区。
4. 主动结构表示被动意义的情况
(1)动词open,read,sell,write,lock,clean,watch,cut,burn,drive等作不及物动词,且它们的主语为物时。如:
This kind of shirt sells well here.这种款式的衬衫在这里卖得很好。
(2)感官动词(如smell,look,taste,feel,sound等) 描述某物的特性时。如:
Light music sounds very soft.轻音乐听起来很柔和。
(3)be worth doing是主动形式表示被动意义。如:
This book is well worth reading.这本书很值得读。
(4)“need/require+doing”相当于“need/require+to be done”,to be done 是不定式的被动结构。如:
My bike needs repairing.=My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
10. (2025甘肃白银改编)Now I’m in the 9th grade.Many different language classes such as Chinese, Spanish, French   are offered (offer).
11. (2025甘肃金昌改编)Don’t worry about me.I can   look (look) after myself.
12. (2025天津改编)The Whites like  taking (take) exercise, so they  go (go) for a walk every morning.
are offered 
look 
taking 
go 
13. (2025广东改编)Recently, Mike  (has) formed (form) a habit of cycling around to explore the city at weekends.
14. (2025广东改编)“It wasn’t  designed (design)to be one; it just became one,” Mike tells a reporter.
15. (2025广西改编)Online sharing is a part of our daily life now.We can share what has  happened (happen) recently with others.
16. (2025贵州改编)In ancient times, maps were  d rawn (draw) by hand.
(has) formed 
designed 
happened 
drawn 

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