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外研版七年级下册英语 Unit 1 The Secrets of Happiness 单元复习知识
一、核心词汇清单
英文单词 中文
happiness 幸福
secret 秘密
magic 魔法；神奇
choice 选择
description 描述
experience 经验
voice 说话声；嗓音
excite 使兴奋；激发
freeze 冰冻；结冰
blow 吹动；刮动
fall 落下；降落
decide 决定
share 分享
laugh 笑；发笑
poor 贫穷的；贫困的
freezing 极冷的；严寒的
full 满的
positive 积极乐观的
surprised 吃惊的；惊讶的
（二）易混词汇辨析
1. exciting vs excited
exciting：意为"令人兴奋的"，用于修饰事物，说明事物的性质。
例句：It was an exciting story.（那是一个令人兴奋的故事。）
excited：意为"感到兴奋的"，用于修饰人，表达人的感受。
例句：She felt excited about the news.（她对这个消息感到兴奋。）
2. voice vs sound
voice：特指人的声音、嗓音，也可指鸟鸣声。
例句：We heard a sweet voice.（我们听到了甜美的声音。）
sound：泛指各种声音，包括人、动物、物体发出的声音。
例句：The sound of the rain woke me up.（雨声把我吵醒了。）
二、重点短语汇总
1. put down 放下
例句：I put down Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.（我放下《查理和巧克力工厂》这本书。）
2. go over 仔细考虑；不断回想；复习
例句：I keep going over the exciting story in my mind.（我脑海中不断回想着那个激动人心的故事。）
3. in one's mind 在某人的脑海里
例句：The happy memory stayed in my mind for a long time.（这段美好的回忆在我脑海里停留了很久。）
4. be full of… 充满……
例句：The book was full of magic.（这本书充满了魔力。）
5. at the side of 在……的侧面；在……旁边
例句：Their house is at the side of a big town.（他们的房子在一个大城市的边上。）
6. all night long 整夜
例句：In winter, the freezing wind swept across the floor all night long.（冬天的夜里，寒风整夜扫过地板。）
7. sweep across 横扫；刮过
例句：The strong wind swept across the field.（狂风横扫了田野。）
8. to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是
例句：To my surprise, the family were happy together.（令我惊讶的是，他们一家人在一起很快乐。）
9. in fact 事实上
例句：In fact, happiness is not far from us.（事实上，幸福离我们并不远。）
10. the key to happiness 幸福的关键
例句：Love is the key to happiness.（爱是幸福的关键。）
11. in one's heart 在某人的心中
例句：Keep love in your heart.（心中要有爱。）
12. try to do sth 尽力去做某事
例句：She tried to help the old man cross the road.（她尽力帮助老人过马路。）
13. fill…with… 用……填满
例句：Fill a glass with water to half full.（将杯子注满水至半满。）
14. lead a positive life 过积极的生活
例句：We should learn to lead a positive life.（我们应该学会过积极的生活。）
15. day after day 一天天；日复一日
例句：Day after day, hope grew together with his hair.（一天又一天，希望随着他的头发一起生长。）
16. take off 脱下；起飞
例句：He took off his hat and his hair fell around his shoulders.（他摘下帽子，头发披散在肩上。）
17. spring from 源于；来源于
例句：Happiness springs from doing good and helping others.（幸福源于行善和帮助他人。）
18. look on the bright side of life 看到生活的光明面
例句：Some people always look on the bright side of life.（有些人总是看到生活的光明面。）
三、核心句型解析
1. Poor in things, rich in love.
译文：于物贫瘠，于爱富足。
解析：这是一个省略句，完整形式为"（They are）poor in things, （but）rich in love."，"be poor in"表示"在……方面贫瘠"，"be rich in"表示"在……方面富足"，通过对比突出爱的重要性。
2. Keep love in your heart. A life without it is like a sunless garden.
译文：心中要有爱。生活中没有爱，就像花园没有阳光。
解析：第一句是祈使句，"keep sth in one's heart"表示"将某物放在心中"；第二句使用比喻修辞，"without it"中的"it"指代前文的"love"，"be like"表示"像……一样"，使表达更生动形象。
3. To my surprise, the family were happy together.
译文：令我惊讶的是，他们一家人在一起很快乐。
解析："to one's surprise"是固定短语，在句中作状语，意为"令某人惊讶的是"，后接完整的句子表达惊讶的内容。
4. Happiness springs from doing good and helping others.
译文：幸福源于行善和帮助他人。
解析："spring from"是动词短语，意为"源于"，后接名词或动名词作宾语，"doing good"和"helping others"为并列的动名词短语，作介词"from"的宾语。
5. What do you think makes them happy
译文：你认为什么能让他们开心？
解析：这是一个复合句，"do you think"是插入语，句子的核心结构是"what makes them happy"，"make + 宾语 + 形容词"表示"使某人/某物处于某种状态"。
6. One of the secrets of happiness is to do things for others.
译文：幸福的秘密之一是为他人做事。
解析："one of + 可数名词复数"表示"……之一"，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式；句中动词不定式"to do things for others"作表语，解释主语的内容。
7. When you share your happiness with others, you get more happiness.
译文：当你和别人分享你的幸福时，你会得到更多的幸福。
解析：这是一个时间状语从句，"when"引导从句表示"当……时"，主句和从句均用一般现在时，表示客观事实或普遍真理；"share sth with sb"是固定搭配，意为"与某人分享某物"。
四、语法重点突破
（一）一般过去时
1. 定义
表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，也可表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2. 时间标志词
明确的过去时间：yesterday（昨天）、last night（昨晚）、last week（上周）、last month（上个月）、an hour ago（一小时前）、in 2023（在2023年）等。
其他标志：the other day（前几天）、once（曾经）、before（以前）、in the past（在过去）等。
3. 动词过去式的变化规则
规则变化：
① 直接加ed：clean → cleaned、walk → walked、play → played
② 以e结尾加d：like → liked、live → lived、love → loved
③ 重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母加ed：stop → stopped、plan → planned
④ 辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加ed：study → studied、carry → carried
不规则变化（需特殊记忆）：
go → went、eat → ate、have → had、blow → blew、fall → fell
句式变化
句式类型 结构示例 例句
肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他 I went to a farm last week.（我上周去了农场。）
否定句 主语 + didn't + 动词原形 + 其他 I didn't go to a farm last week.（我上周没去农场。）
一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you go to a farm last week？（你上周去农场了吗？）
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句？ Where did you go last week？（你上周去哪里了？）
注
：若句中含有be动词（was/were），则否定句在was/were后加not，疑问句将was/were提前。
例句：She was born in Beijing. → 否定句：She wasn't born in Beijing. → 一般疑问句：Was she born in Beijing？
（二）动词不定式作表语
1. 定义
动词不定式（to + 动词原形）作表语时，通常用于解释主语的内容、性质或特征，主语常为表示"目的、意图、计划、秘诀"等的名词，如secret、plan、aim等。
2. 例句解析
The secret of happiness is to help others.（幸福的秘密是帮助别人。）
解析：主语是"the secret of happiness"，动词不定式"to help others"作表语，解释"幸福的秘密"具体是什么。
Her plan is to learn English well.（她的计划是学好英语。）
解析：动词不定式"to learn English well"作表语，说明"她的计划"的内容。
五、话题写作指导
（一）话题主题
围绕"幸福的秘密"展开，可涉及幸福的来源、获得幸福的方式、帮助他人带来的快乐等内容。
（二）写作步骤
1. 定框架：确定文体为记叙文或议论文，人称常用第一人称，时态结合一般现在时（表达观点）和一般过去时（讲述经历）。
2. 列要点：
幸福的来源是什么？（金钱、友谊、亲情、帮助他人等）
你有过哪些与幸福相关的经历？（帮助他人后的感受、分享带来的快乐等）
你对幸福的看法是什么？
3. 写初稿：结合单元短语和句型组织语言，确保逻辑清晰。
4. 改润色：检查语法错误，优化句式表达。
（三）范文参考
I think everyone wants to find happiness in life, but what is the secret of happiness Let me tell you my story.
Last month, I met an old lady at the bus stop. She looked worried because she couldn't find her way home. I decided to help her. First, I asked her for her address. Then, I took her to the police station and helped her call her family. When her son arrived, he thanked me again and again. At that moment, I felt very happy even though I was a little tired.
From this experience, I learned that happiness springs from helping others. In fact, the key to happiness is not money or gifts, but love and kindness. If we keep love in our hearts and try to help others, we will lead a positive life full of happiness.
六、巩固练习
（一）词汇练习
1. 根据句意及首字母提示完成单词
① The s________ of happiness is to share with others.
② The freezing wind s________ across the city last night.
③ To my s________, he finished the work in one hour.
④ Happiness s________ from doing good things for others.
2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
① She ________ (decide) to visit her grandma last weekend.
② The story was so ________ (excite) that we all loved it.
③ He ________ (take) off his coat and sat down.
④ We should try our best ________ (help) people in need.
（二）句型练习
1. 改为否定句
She went to the park yesterday.
→ ________
2. 改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答
They had a good time last week.
→ ________
→ ________
3. 对划线部分提问
He felt happy because he helped others.
→ ________
（三）答案解析
1. 词汇练习
① secret ② swept ③ surprise ④ springs
② decided ② exciting ③ took ④ to help
2. 句型练习
① She didn't go to the park yesterday.
② Did they have a good time last week → Yes, they did.
③ Why did he feel happy

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