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人教版八 年级 英语 科目课堂教学设计
课题 Unit 4 Grammar Focus (3a-3c) 时间 教师 二次备课
教学目标： 1.掌握形容词和副词最高级的构成规则，包括规则变化（单音节词加-est、多音节词加most等）和不规则变化（ good well→best. bad/badly→worst等）。 2.理解最高级的语义及使用范围( in /among/out/of＋范围),能识别并运用be of ＋形容词最高级+可数名词复数”比较级表最高级”等常用句型。 3.掌握新单词（land陆地;African非洲的: ginkgo 银杏:province 省等)，能在句子和语篇中准确运用最高级描述事物特征。
教学重点难点： 重点：掌握形容词和副词最高级的构成（规则与不规则变化)。 难点：区分最高级不同范围介词（ in /among/out/of）的用法，避免混淆。
教 学 过 程 设 计 Lead-in Look and Say The teacher prepares some questions about animals, plants and geography using superlatives.Then present these questions and ask students to answer them as quickly as possible. The teacher presents the correct answers.If necessary, the teacher can provide related pictures to make the answers impressive. Guide students to notice that we use superlatives to describe these animals, plants and geographical facts. Explore the Grammar 3a Have students read the sentences in the table and translate the meanings. Ask students to notice the words in bold and find the similarities among these words. ◆Some of them end up with “ est”． ◆Some of them have the word “most” in front. ◆There is a “the” in front of all of them. Invite some students to talk about the ways to form a superlative adjective or adverb according to their findings above. Grammar Rules 形容词和副词最高级的构成： 一般直接在词尾＋est tall—tallest short—shortest fast—fastest high—highest 以不发音的e结尾的词，在词尾＋st nice—nicest late—latest wide—widest large—largest 以辅音字母＋y结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再＋est heavy—heaviest busy—busiest easy—easiest early—earliest 重读闭音节词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写该辅音字母，再＋est big—biggest hot—hottest thin—thinnest fat—fattest 多音节词和部分双音节词，在原级前＋most构成最高级 slowly—most slowly beautiful—most beautiful important—most important 不规则变化 good/well—best bad/badly—worst many/much—most little—least far—farthest/furthest 形容词和副词最高级的用法： 表示三者或三者以上(人或事物)的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个，后面可用带有of、in、among的短语等来说明比较的范围。形容词最高级的前面一般要加定冠词the，副词最高级前的the可以省去。 E.g.In my country，July is the hottest month of the year. The cheetah runs (the) fastest among all land animals. (2)“one of the＋最高级＋复数名词”表示“最……之一”。 E.g.She is one of the most hard working students in our class. The Great Wall is one of the most famous attractions all around the world. (3)“the＋序数词＋最高级＋单数名词”表示“第几最……”。 E.g.The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. The Yangtze River is the third longest river globally. 3b Ask students to read the instruction and make sure they get the meaning.Then have them complete the sentences. Have students work in pairs to check the answers.Then ask some pairs to share their answers. 3c Have students read the words in the box and say their meanings and the superlative forms. 2.Let them complete the passage and check answers in pairs. 3.Invite some pairs to share the answers and reasons in class. 4.Introduce some other facts about ginkgo trees using pictures or videos.Then encourage students to retell what they know about ginkgo trees using superlatives. 语言点精讲 1. The biggest land animal in the world is the African elephant.世界上最大的陆地动物是非洲象。 land n.陆地;土地 on land在陆地上by land 经陆路 land v.降落;着陆take off 起飞 A piece of land in the middle of the sea is island. 海中央的一块陆地是岛屿。 Did you go there by land or by sea 您是通过陆路还是海路去的 2.Some could stand up to three meters tall and weigh up to 860 kg.有些能够长到高达3米，重达860千克。 l ) weigh v.有……重;称重量 (1)【系动词】有……重，重量是……对重量提问常用"“How much do/docs...weigh "What do/does...weigh ”或“How heavy is/are... ”。 e.g.How much/What do you weigh = How heavy are you 你的体重是多少 When Ya Ya was born in the Beijing Zoo, she weighed about 0.14 kilos. 丫丫在北京动物园出生时大约140克重。 (2）【及物动词】称……的重量weigh oneself称体重 e.g. She weighed the stone in her hand.她用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。 put on weight增加体重 lose weight 减重 weigh up to+数词 重达...... weigh about+数词 重约...... weigh over+数词 超过......重 The cheetah weighs about 50 kilograms.这头大象重5吨。 The elephant weighs 5 tons.你应该称一下这个西瓜。 You should weigh the watermelon. What's the weight of the dog lt weighs 10 kilograms 拓展:（1) weigh【动词】认真考虑;权衡 e.g. Laura spoke very slowly to people to weigh what she would say.劳拉对人们说话非常慢，以便权衡她要说什么。 ( 2) weight【名词】重量;分量 put on / gain weight增加体重 lose weight减重 2) up to接近;直到 (1）接近常用来表示接近某数量或程度等。 e.g. The temperature went up to 35℃．气温上升到了35摄氏度。(2)直到up to now到目前为止 e.g. Read up to page 100．读到第100页。 Up to now he’s still quiet.他直到现在仍保持沉默。 拓展: be up to sb.是……的职责;由……决定 e.g.—Mom,which club should I choose, the art club or the science club (3）表示“由......决定、取决于” 她熬夜到午夜做项目。 She stayed up to midnight working on the project.什么时候开始由你决定。 It's up to you to decide when to start. 3.最高级的具体用法 (1) the+最高级(+n.)+比较范围 比较范围通常为in/of/among...介词短语或从句。 He is the tallest boy in our class.他是我们班最高的男孩。 Safety is the most important of all.安全是最重要的。 (2) one of the+最高级+可数名词复数此结构表示“...中最...的之一”。 The Amazon River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 亚马逊河是世界上最长的河之一。 (3) Which/Who...+最高级，A,B or Ci比较范围 Which coat is the cheapest, the red one, the yellow one or the black one 哪件外套最便宜,红色的、黄色的还是黑色的 Who runs fastest in your class 你们班谁跑得最快 (4) the+序数词+最高级 Hainan Island is the second largest island in China. 海南岛是中国第二大岛。 课堂总结 让学生总结最高级的语法规则。 板书设计 形容词 / 副词最高级的构成方式？ 最高级的用法？
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