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通过对近三年高考全国卷英语阅读理解题的研究和分析，我们不难看出阅读理解具有以下特点：
1．体现《课标》理念始终围绕《英语课程标准》提出的人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题选取素材，聚焦立德树人，注重核心素养考查，贯彻落实德、智、体、美、劳五育并举全面发展的教育方针。
2．文章体裁多样文章体裁包括应用文、记叙文 夹叙夹议文 、说明文、议论文。文本选材持续扩展创新边界，打破文体界限，构建文字、图形、图表等多元融合的复合型语篇，进一步强化对考生多元识读素养的考查。
3．深入考查语基阅读语篇中派生词、熟词生义、专业词汇、新概念、长难句较多，增加了考生对文意理解的难度。文意理解难度的增加，能较好地区分考生的思维品质。
4．趋向深度理解重在考查考生对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解、推断、归纳和概括等高阶阅读理解能力。尤其是C篇和D篇多涉及考生不熟悉的新话题、新理念，信息理解难度增加，命题更注重对考生深度思维能力的评估。
第一讲　全面感知—阅读理解常考的4类基准题型
阅读理解主要考查对文章整体和局部信息的理解能力。整体信息指文章的主旨要义、作者的观点意图等；局部信息指分散于文本中的具体细节。这两种信息对应着阅读理解四大题型，即细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和主旨大意题。各种题型又衍生出多种考法。考法虽林林总总，但各题型的基本解题思维和解题原则是可总结、有规可循的。本书为省时高效地推进二轮复习，摒弃传统图书“眉毛胡子一把抓”、不分侧重点的编写套路，对细节理解题、词句猜测题这两类基本题型进行略讲建模，对推理判断题、主旨大意题这两类重难题型进行细讲增分，旨在让二轮有限的复习时间用到增分点上。
一、细节理解题、推理判断题的基本解题思维
[典例1]　(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读B篇)
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH)．“Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher，” says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students.The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures.It's a place of learning.About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year.Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don't come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you're scared about something and thinking only about that, there's no way you're going to be able to learn，” Ho says.“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems，” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH.“It's about problem solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
　　　　　　　　　　　　　
24．Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A．Sick children. B．Young nurses.
C．Medical students. D．Patients' parents.
25．What is a characteristic of Ho's job
A．Prioritizing academics.
B．Encouraging innovation.
C．Treating various diseases.
D．Playing multiple roles.
26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A．Offering regular lessons.
B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork.
D．Showing no sympathy.
27．How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A．It eases peer pressure.
B．It helps them live in hope.
C．It frees them from aches.
D．It entertains them with stories.
[参考答案]　24～27　ADCB
[题型思维建模]
一、细节理解题
1．题型解读
细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题和间接信息理解题。直接信息理解题较简单，一般在原文中可以直接找到答案。间接信息理解题相对要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能直接从原文中找出正确答案，而是要稍加归纳才能得出答案。
2．设误类型
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不符合题目要求
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
3．直接信息理解题——关键词定位法
[技法例析]　(以24题为例)
第一步：确定关键词
题干中的关键词为Ho, teach和LPCH。
第二步：题干对文章
由关键词Ho, teach和LPCH定位到第一段第一句“Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH)．”和第二段第一句中的“ ...about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”。
第三步：文章对选项
由第一段第一句中的“high school”排除B项和D项；由第二段第一句中的“patients”和“students”可知，C项错误，A项正确。干扰项B、C、D的设误类型分别为无中生有、曲解文意、曲解文意。
4．间接信息理解题——同义转换法
[技法例析]　(以25题为例)
第一步：确定关键词
题干中的关键词为characteristic和Ho's job。
第二步：题干对文章
由关键词characteristic和Ho's job定位到第三段中Ho说的话“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter ...”。
第三步：加工信息
由Ho说的话可知，除了作为医院教师外，她在工作中还扮演着教练、顾问和安慰者等多种角色。故正确答案为D项。干扰项A、B、C的设误类型分别为颠倒是非、无中生有、无中生有。
二、推理判断题
(本题型将在第三讲中给予精讲)
推敲关键词句解隐含信息推断题
先根据题干中的关键词定位原文中的关键句，再提取关键句中对人物、环境等描述的关键信息，在理解关键句的字面意思的基础上，进而推测关键句的隐含意思。 “立足原文，只推一步”是解推理判断题的基本原则，不可妄加推断、过度推断。
[技法例析]　(以27题为例)
题干关键词为 “Good”(人物)和 “benefit the students”(医院学校对学生的益处)→定位到最后一段Good说的话→Good说的话的字面意思：药物只是解决某些问题的一小部分，而学校能通过为学生提供学习和成长的途径，让他们的梦想得以延续→推测出：Good 强调医院学校的核心价值不是单纯的学业辅导，而是通过支持学习和成长，让生病的孩子不放弃梦想，对未来保持希望。故选B项。
二、词句猜测题、主旨大意题的基本解题思维
[典例2]　 (2025·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读B篇)
In my ninth grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments, a personal narrative unit followed by a creative writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders.
B．Students' parents.
C．Modern writers.
D．Fictional characters.
25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed.　　　　　　 B．Amazing.
C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
27．What does the author's experience show
A．Teaching is learning.
B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power.
D．Practice makes perfect.
[参考答案]　24～27　DDBA
[题型思维建模]
一、词句猜测题
1．题型解读
词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、词块或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的生义，还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断以及某一句子在上下文中的具体含义。
2．根据上下文语境猜测词义
[技法例析]　(以26题为例)
第一步：定位解题线索
根据题干关键词即画线词staggering定位到画线词的下一句。
第二步：瞻前顾后寻找线索
线索1：学生们选择了各种各样的主题；
线索2：交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页；
线索3：其中的人物不仅开阔了“我”的视野，还触动了“我”的心。
第三步：分析解题线索并推断词义
综合以上线索可知，这个结果应是正向的。
第四步：对比选项确定答案
对比选项发现画线词与amazing同义，意为“(尤指好的)令人惊讶的”。
3．“就近原则”判断代词指代
[技法例析]　(以“典例1”的26题为例)
第一步：确定画线词位置及考向
设问方向：第四段画线代词“it”的指代对象。
第二步：寻找解题线索
代词it指代单数，指代内容应为画线词前面的单数事物。
第三步：分析解题线索，识别指代内容
根据画线词所在句的上一句可知，一些老师不给生病的孩子们布置作业，而是表示同情，而孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业。前后对比说明不布置作业反而对他们来说是一种伤害，it指代前面提到的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments”，即“Assigning no schoolwork.”。故选C项。
二、主旨大意题
(本题型将在第二讲中给予精讲)
基于语篇模式高度把握大意
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解。不同的文体，其写作意图和表达主题有明显的不同，如记叙文重在写人记事，说明文重在阐明事理，议论文重在论证析理。所以，解主旨大意题，要具有文体意识，在把握了文章的写作模式和意图后，再结合文章内容，这样概括出来的文章大意才有高度，才具深意。其解题流程为：先通读全文，了解大意，把握语篇模式，然后弄清语段之间的语义关系，继而概括各语段，最后归纳概括出文章大意。
[技法例析]　(以27题为例)
通读全文，确定语篇模式：记叙文
语段之间的语义关系：首段通过学生写作案例引出写作教学；第二段分析学生第一次写作失败的原因；第三段展示调整教学策略后的显著成效；末段揭示作者认知的转变——从写作是沟通工具到写作是连接人性的桥梁。
由此可概括文章的主旨大意：全文通过教学实践案例，印证了教学相长(Teaching is learning)的教育理念。故选A项。
随堂训练·应用体验
A
(2025·石家庄二模)Like a lot of Canadians, Andrew Suboch grew up knowing little about Canada's national game — lacrosse (长曲棍球), other than watching some neighbours pass a ball using old wooden sticks.
It was only when his two children started playing the game as part of their training for hockey (冰球) that he took much notice.His son, Jack, went on to excel at lacrosse and he now plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League.
Both children came up through the Mimico Minor Lacrosse Club, in the Toronto area, which has been around since 1890.When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr.Suboch, who is a personal injury lawyer in Toronto, volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the “Baby Peanut” program, which introduced children aged 3 and 4 to the game.
Thanks to his sponsorship, more than 100 children play for free each spring for eight weeks.They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a lightweight stick and a shirt.“They are taught to catch, throw, pass and shoot，” he said.“You get them running around.Get them away from the screen.It is our national game, so you get them exposed.And sure enough, they caught_on.”
To fund the program, Mr.Suboch came up with a novel idea.He started searching his neighbourhood for used appliances, metal and electronic items, such as computers and cellphones.He sorted the material and sold it to a local recycling centre.“Word has gotten out, so people now will give me their used electronics and metal stuff，” he said.The recycling effort raises around D|S20,000 annually, which covers the cost of the lacrosse program.
Mr.Suboch said watching the kids play has given him a lot of satisfaction and joy.Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but “we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.”
1．Why did Andrew start sponsoring the “Baby Peanut” program？(　　)
A．His son asked him to support the game.
B．The kids' league faced declining participation.
C．He wanted to promote his own law firm.
D．He hoped to popularize a hockey organization.
2．What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in paragraph 4 mean？(　　)
A．Learned the rules.
B．Got injured.
C．Attracted donations.
D．Became interested.
3．How did Andrew obtain funds for the lacrosse program？(　　)
A．By organizing charity matches.
B．By collecting and selling used items.
C．By charging participation fees.
D．By raising money from the community.
4．What can we learn about the program's impact？(　　)
A．It reduced screen time for children.
B．It increased waste sent to landfills.
C．It made lacrosse popular worldwide.
D．It created jobs for the local residents.
B
(2025·东北三省四市联考)A new global review of data from the Spanish study found that increasing the number of daily steps, even if at modest levels, was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms (症状)．Researchers led by Jimenez Lopez, of the University of Castile La Mancha, noted there's already solid evidence that exercise of any kind is a natural antidepressant.But what about something as easy as walking To find out, they looked at data from high quality studies on daily step counts and their links to mental health.
The new review covered 33 studies with a total of more than 96,000 adults worldwide, including those who used fitness tracker devices to calculate their daily pared to a baseline of 5,000 steps taken per day, folks who took even 1,000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop in their chances of developing depression, the researchers found.Those benefits quickly mounted pared to folks walking 5,000 steps per day or less, those who walked 7,000 steps per day had 31% lower chances of depression.“In addition, counts above 7,500 steps per day were associated with 43% lower frequency of depression，”Jimenez Lopez and colleagues wrote, and those trends held true for “all age groups, females and males.” There did seem to be a leveling out of mental health benefits at about 10,000 steps per day, the data showed.
As has been observed in studies on mental health, up to a level of about 10,000 steps per day causes the chances of depression to decline.However, the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.
Furthermore, the new findings add walking to many other forms of physical activity — weight training, yoga and even Tai Chi — as ways to help prevent depression.“Setting goals for the number of daily steps can be a rewarding and inclusive public health strategy for the prevention of depression，” the study suggested.
5．What can be inferred about the Spanish study from paragraph 1？(　　)
A．It contradicts former study results.
B．It looks into effects of any exercise.
C．It focuses on depression treatment.
D．It confirms the benefits of walking.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
6．What drives changes in frequency of depression in Jimenez Lopez's research (　　)
A．Step counts. B．The age range.
C．The exercise type. D．Gender difference.
7．What can be concluded about walking over 10,000 steps per day (　　)
A．Risks of other diseases drop sharply.
B．Physical health improves dramatically.
C．The stress level declines less obviously.
D．Depressive symptoms totally disappear.
8．What is the best title for the text (　　)
A．Exercise Types: Comparing Benefits
B．Step Counts: A Natural Mood Controller
C．Fitness Trackers: Promoting Daily Activity
D．Public Health: Strategies Against Depression
第一讲　全面感知
[A]
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Andrew Suboch通过收集并售卖旧电器、金属制品和电子产品来赞助“Baby Peanut”项目，帮助更多孩子参与长曲棍球运动。
1．选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr.Suboch ...volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the ‘Baby Peanut’ program”可知，2014年，当儿童联赛的球员数量开始减少时，Andrew Suboch 自愿介入，表示愿意赞助“Baby Peanut”项目。由此可知，他赞助“Baby Peanut”项目是因为儿童联赛的参与人数下降。
2．选D　词义猜测题。画线词前讲孩子们学习接球、投球、传球和射门，再结合选项和画线词所在句语境可知，此处画线词应该表示孩子们对长曲棍球运动产生了兴趣。
3．选B　细节理解题。第五段首句讲为了给项目筹集资金，Andrew想出了一个新奇的主意，接着具体讲述这个主意是什么，即他在自己的社区寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，然后对这些物品进行分类，之后卖给当地的回收中心。由此可知，他通过收集和出售旧物品来为项目筹集资金。
4．选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but ‘we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.’”可知，这个项目不仅减少了送往废物填埋场的垃圾，而且孩子们也不再坐在屏幕前了。由此可知，该项目其中的一个影响是减少了孩子们的屏幕时间。
[B]
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的全球研究发现增加每日步数与减轻抑郁症状有关，即使步数增加不多也有效果，且在大约10 000步时心理健康益处趋于平稳，同时指出步行是预防抑郁的一种方式。
5．选D　推理判断题。根据第一段的“A new global review of data from the Spanish study found ...a reduction in depressive symptoms (症状)．”可知，西班牙研究的数据显示，增加每日步数，即便增幅不大，也与抑郁症状的减轻相关，即证实了步行的益处。 D项符合语境。
6．选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Compared to a baseline of 5,000 steps taken per day, folks who took even 1,000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop ...Those benefits quickly mounted up.”以及后续关于不同步数与抑郁症发生率关系的阐述可知，在该研究中，步数的变化驱动了抑郁症发生率的变化。
7．选C　推理判断题。根据第三段的“However，the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.”可知，当每天步行超过10 000步时，抑郁症状的减轻效果不再显著，由于抑郁与压力密切相关，压力水平下降也不太明显。C项中的“less obviously”与文中的“not lead to a significant reduction”为同义转换。
8．选B　标题归纳题。文章主要围绕步行步数与抑郁症状之间的关系展开，表明步行步数能够调节情绪，对减轻抑郁症有积极的作用，所以B项“步数：天然的情绪调节器”最能准确概括文章主旨。
1 / 10(共54张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
通过对近三年高考全国卷英语阅读理解题的研究和分析，我们不难看出阅读理解具有以下特点：
1．体现《课标》理念始终围绕《英语课程标准》提出的人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题选取素材，聚焦立德树人，注重核心素养考查，贯彻落实德、智、体、美、劳五育并举全面发展的教育方针。
2．文章体裁多样文章体裁包括应用文、记叙文(夹叙夹议文)、说明文、议论文。文本选材持续扩展创新边界，打破文体界限，构建文字、图形、图表等多元融合的复合型语篇，进一步强化对考生多元识读素养的考查。
把握考情
3．深入考查语基阅读语篇中派生词、熟词生义、专业词汇、新概念、长难句较多，增加了考生对文意理解的难度。文意理解难度的增加，能较好地区分考生的思维品质。
4．趋向深度理解重在考查考生对语篇重要细节信息和关键信息的理解、推断、归纳和概括等高阶阅读理解能力。尤其是C篇和D篇多涉及考生不熟悉的新话题、新理念，信息理解难度增加，命题更注重对考生深度思维能力的评估。
第一讲 全面感知—阅读理解
常考的4类基准题型
阅读理解主要考查对文章整体和局部信息的理解能力。整体信息指文章的主旨要义、作者的观点意图等；局部信息指分散于文本中的具体细节。这两种信息对应着阅读理解四大题型，即细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题和主旨大意题。各种题型又衍生出多种考法。考法虽林林总总，但各题型的基本解题思维和解题原则是可总结、有规可循的。本书为省时高效地推进二轮复习，摒弃传统图书“眉毛胡子一把抓”、不分侧重点的编写套路，对细节理解题、词句猜测题这两类基本题型进行略讲建模，对推理判断题、主旨大意题这两类重难题型进行细讲增分，旨在让二轮有限的复习时间用到增分点上。
一、细节理解题、推理判断题的基本解题思维
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[典例1]　(2025·全国Ⅱ卷·阅读B篇)
Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH)．“Sometimes I don't like saying that I'm a teacher，” says Ho.“People get in their minds an idea of what teachers do, but that's not really what it is here.”
“Here” is room 386, where each year, about 500 LPCH patients also become students.The hospital school is free of parents, doctors, and medical procedures.It's a place of learning.About half of Ho's students stay for a week or less; others are there for more than a year.Most of Ho's students will recover, which means that preparing them to return to school is an increasingly important component of care.
Still, in room 386, academics don't come first.Physical health and mental health are the priority.“If you're scared about something and thinking only about that, there's no way you're going to be able to learn，” Ho says.“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter, and that's what it means to be a hospital teacher.”
There are up to 30 students at any given time in Ho's class.She generally works with their regular teachers to get lessons and tests being used at their home schools.Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments; they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice to the kids，” Ho says.“They think their teachers don't care about their schoolwork.”
Ho recognizes the psychological benefit of helping kids keep up with their peers (同龄人) outside the hospital.“I actually think the medicine is only a small piece for some problems，” says Julie Good, director of pain management services at LPCH.“It's about problem solving around what it means to have a full life.Those kids have dreams.School can keep those dreams alive by giving kids a way to learn and grow.”
24．Who does Ho teach at LPCH
A．Sick children.　　　 B．Young nurses.
C．Medical students. D．Patients' parents.
√
25．What is a characteristic of Ho's job
A．Prioritizing academics.
B．Encouraging innovation.
C．Treating various diseases.
D．Playing multiple roles.
√
26．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 4
A．Offering regular lessons.
B．Paying extra attention.
C．Assigning no schoolwork.
D．Showing no sympathy.
√
27．How does the hospital school benefit the students according to Good
A．It eases peer pressure.
B．It helps them live in hope.
C．It frees them from aches.
D．It entertains them with stories.
√
[题型思维建模]
一、细节理解题
1．题型解读
细节理解题常分为直接信息理解题和间接信息理解题。直接信息理解题较简单，一般在原文中可以直接找到答案。间接信息理解题相对要难些，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能直接从原文中找出正确答案，而是要稍加归纳才能得出答案。
2．设误类型
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不符合题目要求
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
3.直接信息理解题——关键词定位法
[技法例析]　(以24题为例)
第一步：确定关键词
题干中的关键词为Ho, teach和LPCH。
第二步：题干对文章
由关键词Ho, teach和LPCH定位到第一段第一句“Kathy Ho teaches high school inside Lucile Packard Children's Hospital Stanford (LPCH)．”和第二段第一句中的“ ...about 500 LPCH patients also become students.”。
第三步：文章对选项
由第一段第一句中的“high school”排除B项和D项；由第二段第一句中的“patients”和“students”可知，C项错误，A项正确。干扰项B、C、D的设误类型分别为无中生有、曲解文意、曲解文意。
4．间接信息理解题——同义转换法
[技法例析]　(以25题为例)
第一步：确定关键词
题干中的关键词为characteristic和Ho's job。
第二步：题干对文章
由关键词characteristic和Ho's job定位到第三段中Ho说的话“I'm a coach, an adviser, and a comforter ...”。
第三步：加工信息
由Ho说的话可知，除了作为医院教师外，她在工作中还扮演着教练、顾问和安慰者等多种角色。故正确答案为D项。干扰项A、B、C的设误类型分别为颠倒是非、无中生有、无中生有。
二、推理判断题 (本题型将在第三讲中给予精讲)
推敲关键词句解隐含信息推断题
先根据题干中的关键词定位原文中的关键句，再提取关键句中对人物、环境等描述的关键信息，在理解关键句的字面意思的基础上，进而推测关键句的隐含意思。 “立足原文，只推一步”是解推理判断题的基本原则，不可妄加推断、过度推断。
[技法例析]　(以27题为例)
题干关键词为 “Good”(人物)和 “benefit the students”(医院学校对学生的益处)→定位到最后一段Good说的话→Good说的话的字面意思：药物只是解决某些问题的一小部分，而学校能通过为学生提供学习和成长的途径，让他们的梦想得以延续→推测出：Good 强调医院学校的核心价值不是单纯的学业辅导，而是通过支持学习和成长，让生病的孩子不放弃梦想，对未来保持希望。故选B项。
二、词句猜测题、主旨大意题的基本解题思维
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[典例2]　 (2025·全国Ⅰ卷·阅读B篇)
In my ninth- grade writing class last year, I met a cowboy who saved his town, a strict father who demanded his son earn straight A's, and a modern day Juliet who died of heartbreak after her parents rejected the love of her young life.More than once, I found myself wondering just how my students, who'd created these people, knew their subjects so well.
But things were different for their first essay, which was about the question: “Why is writing important？” Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement.I was shocked.Then I realized that the problem was the question itself.They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.This would have to change.
As a new unit started, I asked everyone to write a persuasive piece on a health -related topic of their choice.This time they found the exercise much more interesting.For the next two assignments, a personal narrative unit followed by a creative writing workshop, I only required that the piece meet the specifications of its genre (体裁) and that it contain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
I walked into class believing that writing is important as a means of communication.However, my students demonstrated something more important to me.When the final bell rang in June, I walked away with a yearbook full of messages about writing's most powerful significance — the ability to connect people, to put us in another's skin, to teach us what it means to be human.
24．Who are the people mentioned at the beginning of paragraph 1
A．Ninth graders.　　 B．Students' parents.
C．Modern writers. D．Fictional characters.
√
25．Why did the students perform poorly in writing their first essay
A．They were not given enough time.
B．They had a very limited vocabulary.
C．They misunderstood the question.
D．They had little interest in the topic.
√
26．What does the underlined word “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Mixed. B．Amazing.
C．Similar. D．Disturbing.
√
27．What does the author's experience show
A．Teaching is learning.
B．Still waters run deep.
C．Knowledge is power.
D．Practice makes perfect.
√
[题型思维建模]
一、词句猜测题
1．题型解读
词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、词块或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的生义，还可以考查对替代词所替代内容的判断以及某一句子在上下文中的具体含义。
2．根据上下文语境猜测词义
[技法例析]　(以26题为例)
第一步：定位解题线索
根据题干关键词即画线词staggering定位到画线词的下一句。
第二步：瞻前顾后寻找线索
线索1：学生们选择了各种各样的主题；
线索2：交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页；
线索3：其中的人物不仅开阔了“我”的视野，还触动了“我”的心。
第三步：分析解题线索并推断词义
综合以上线索可知，这个结果应是正向的。
第四步：对比选项确定答案
对比选项发现画线词与amazing同义，意为“(尤指好的)令人惊讶的”。
3．“就近原则”判断代词指代
[技法例析]　(以“典例1”的26题为例)
第一步：确定画线词位置及考向
设问方向：第四段画线代词“it”的指代对象。
第二步：寻找解题线索
代词it指代单数，指代内容应为画线词前面的单数事物。
第三步：分析解题线索，识别指代内容
根据画线词所在句的上一句可知，一些老师不给生病的孩子们布置作业，而是表示同情，而孩子们则认为老师这样做是不关心他们的学业。前后对比说明不布置作业反而对他们来说是一种伤害，it指代前面提到的“Some teachers don't give the kids any assignments”，即“Assigning no schoolwork.”。故选C项。
二、主旨大意题
(本题型将在第二讲中给予精讲)
基于语篇模式高度把握大意
主旨大意题考查考生对文章内容的深层次理解。不同的文体，其写作意图和表达主题有明显的不同，如记叙文重在写人记事，说明文重在阐明事理，议论文重在论证析理。所以，解主旨大意题，要具有文体意识，在把握了文章的写作模式和意图后，再结合文章内容，这样概括出来的文章大意才有高度，才具深意。其解题流程为：先通读全文，了解大意，把握语篇模式，然后弄清语段之间的语义关系，继而概括各语段，最后归纳概括出文章大意。
[技法例析]　(以27题为例)
通读全文，确定语篇模式：记叙文
语段之间的语义关系：首段通过学生写作案例引出写作教学；第二段分析学生第一次写作失败的原因；第三段展示调整教学策略后的显著成效；末段揭示作者认知的转变——从写作是沟通工具到写作是连接人性的桥梁。
由此可概括文章的主旨大意：全文通过教学实践案例，印证了教学相长(Teaching is learning)的教育理念。故选A项。
随堂训练·应用体验
A
(2025·石家庄二模)Like a lot of Canadians, Andrew Suboch grew up knowing little about Canada's national game — lacrosse (长曲棍球), other than watching some neighbours pass a ball using old wooden sticks.
It was only when his two children started playing the game as part of their training for hockey (冰球) that he took much notice.His son, Jack, went on to excel at lacrosse and he now plays for the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League.
Both children came up through the Mimico Minor Lacrosse Club, in the Toronto area, which has been around since 1890.When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr.Suboch, who is a personal injury lawyer in Toronto, volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the “Baby Peanut” program, which introduced children aged 3 and 4 to the game.
Thanks to his sponsorship, more than 100 children play for free each spring for eight weeks.They spend an hour every Saturday learning the game and every player is given a lightweight stick and a shirt.“They are taught to catch, throw, pass and shoot，” he said.“You get them running around.Get them away from the screen.It is our national game, so you get them exposed.And sure enough, they caught on.”
To fund the program, Mr.Suboch came up with a novel idea.He started searching his neighbourhood for used appliances, metal and electronic items, such as computers and cellphones.He sorted the material and sold it to a local recycling centre.“Word has gotten out, so people now will give me their used electronics and metal stuff，” he said.The recycling effort raises around $20,000 annually, which covers the cost of the lacrosse program.
Mr.Suboch said watching the kids play has given him a lot of satisfaction and joy.Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but “we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.”
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Andrew Suboch通过收集并售卖旧电器、金属制品和电子产品来赞助“Baby Peanut”项目，帮助更多孩子参与长曲棍球运动。
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“When the number of players in the kids' league began falling in 2014, Mr.Suboch ...volunteered to step in.He offered to sponsor the ‘Baby Peanut’ program”可知，2014年，当儿童联赛的球员数量开始减少时，Andrew Suboch 自愿介入，表示愿意赞助“Baby Peanut”项目。由此可知，他赞助“Baby Peanut”项目是因为儿童联赛的参与人数下降。
1．Why did Andrew start sponsoring the “Baby Peanut” program
A．His son asked him to support the game.
B．The kids' league faced declining participation.
C．He wanted to promote his own law firm.
D．He hoped to popularize a hockey organization.
√
解析：词义猜测题。画线词前讲孩子们学习接球、投球、传球和射门，再结合选项和画线词所在句语境可知，此处画线词应该表示孩子们对长曲棍球运动产生了兴趣。
2．What does the underlined phrase “caught on” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Learned the rules. 　 B．Got injured.
C．Attracted donations. 　 D．Became interested.
√
解析：细节理解题。第五段首句讲为了给项目筹集资金，Andrew想出了一个新奇的主意，接着具体讲述这个主意是什么，即他在自己的社区寻找旧电器、金属制品和电子产品，然后对这些物品进行分类，之后卖给当地的回收中心。由此可知，他通过收集和出售旧物品来为项目筹集资金。
3．How did Andrew obtain funds for the lacrosse program
A．By organizing charity matches.
B．By collecting and selling used items.
C．By charging participation fees.
D．By raising money from the community.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Not only is far less junk going to landfill sites, he said, but ‘we've also got kids who are not in front of a screen.’”可知，这个项目不仅减少了送往废物填埋场的垃圾，而且孩子们也不再坐在屏幕前了。由此可知，该项目其中的一个影响是减少了孩子们的屏幕时间。
4．What can we learn about the program's impact
A．It reduced screen time for children.
B．It increased waste sent to landfills.
C．It made lacrosse popular worldwide.
D．It created jobs for the local residents.
√
B
(2025·东北三省四市联考)A new global review of data from the Spanish study found that increasing the number of daily steps, even if at modest levels, was associated with a reduction in depressive symptoms (症状)．Researchers led by Jimenez Lopez, of the University of Castile -La Mancha, noted there's already solid evidence that exercise of any kind is a natural antidepressant.But what about something as easy as walking To find out, they looked at data from high -quality studies on daily step counts and their links to mental health.
The new review covered 33 studies with a total of more than 96,000 adults worldwide, including those who used fitness- tracker devices to calculate their daily pared to a baseline of 5,000 steps taken per day, folks who took even 1,000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop in their chances of developing depression, the researchers found.Those benefits quickly mounted pared to folks walking 5,000 steps per day or less, those who walked 7,000 steps per day had 31% lower chances of depression.“In addition, counts above 7,500 steps per day were associated with 43% lower frequency of depression，”Jimenez- Lopez and colleagues wrote, and those trends held true for “all age groups, females and males.” There did seem to be a leveling out of mental health benefits at about 10,000 steps per day, the data showed.
As has been observed in studies on mental health, up to a level of about 10,000 steps per day causes the chances of depression to decline.However, the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.
Furthermore, the new findings add walking to many other forms of physical activity — weight training, yoga and even Tai Chi — as ways to help prevent depression.“Setting goals for the number of daily steps can be a rewarding and inclusive public health strategy for the prevention of depression，” the study suggested.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的全球研究发现增加每日步数与减轻抑郁症状有关，即使步数增加不多也有效果，且在大约
10 000步时心理健康益处趋于平稳，同时指出步行是预防抑郁的一种方式。
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“A new global review of data from the Spanish study found ...a reduction in depressive symptoms (症状)．”可知，西班牙研究的数据显示，增加每日步数，即便增幅不大，也与抑郁症状的减轻相关，即证实了步行的益处。 D项符合语境。
5．What can be inferred about the Spanish study from paragraph 1
A．It contradicts former study results.
B．It looks into effects of any exercise.
C．It focuses on depression treatment.
D．It confirms the benefits of walking.
√
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Compared to a baseline of 5,000 steps taken per day, folks who took even 1,000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop ...Those benefits quickly mounted up.”以及后续关于不同步数与抑郁症发生率关系的阐述可知，在该研究中，步数的变化驱动了抑郁症发生率的变化。
6．What drives changes in frequency of depression in Jimenez Lopez's research
A．Step counts. B．The age range.
C．The exercise type. D．Gender difference.
√
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段的“However，the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.”可知，当每天步行超过10 000步时，抑郁症状的减轻效果不再显著，由于抑郁与压力密切相关，压力水平下降也不太明显。C项中的“less obviously”与文中的“not lead to a significant reduction”为同义转换。
7．What can be concluded about walking over 10,000 steps per day
A．Risks of other diseases drop sharply.
B．Physical health improves dramatically.
C．The stress level declines less obviously.
D．Depressive symptoms totally disappear.
√
解析：标题归纳题。文章主要围绕步行步数与抑郁症状之间的关系展开，表明步行步数能够调节情绪，对减轻抑郁症有积极的作用，所以B项“步数：天然的情绪调节器”最能准确概括文章主旨。
8．What is the best title for the text
A．Exercise Types: Comparing Benefits
B．Step Counts: A Natural Mood Controller
C．Fitness Trackers: Promoting Daily Activity
D．Public Health: Strategies Against Depression
√

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