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第三讲　专攻重难(2)—并列句与主从复合句
连词和三大从句(名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句)是无提示词类题目考查的重点，也是考生的难点。此类题目要求考生能够准确分析句子结构，弄清空处与上下文之间的逻辑关系，确定空处在句中所作成分。因此，考生需要具备较强的综合分析能力。鉴于此，本讲将重点阐释连词和三大从句的解题要领，以期帮助考生提高做题的准确率。
方法(一)　利用上下文逻辑关系解并列连词和从属连词类题目
1．表示并列或递进用and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等；
2．表示选择用or, either ...or ..., whether ...or ..., neither ...nor ...等；
3．表示转折或对比用but/yet, while, not ...but ...等；
4．表示因果用 so, for, because, since, as等；
5．表示让步用although, though和while等；
6．表示条件用if, unless, once等。
方法(二) 利用2个关键点确定定语从句关系词
两个关键点：先行词＋从句中所缺句子成分
1．从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语时填关系代词，缺少状语时，填关系副词，缺少定语时填whose。
2．先行词指人，填that/who/whom/whose；先行词指物，填that/which/whose；先行词表示时间/地点/原因，则分别填when/where/why。
方法(三) 利用4个思考方向解名词性从句类题目
方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整
此时考虑用that引导名词性从句(that无词义，且不充当句子成分)。
方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整
如表达“是否”之意，则应考虑填whether(如果引导宾语从句，也可以填if)。
方向3：从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语
考虑填连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。
[误区点拨]　名词性从句中的连接词what与that的区别：what有词义，可指代事物的内容、身份、时间或地点等；that无词义，不作句子成分。
方向4：从句中缺少状语
考虑填连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。
[典例]　(2025·浙江1月高考)
The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of __1__ new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too.As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer __2__ (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it's an amazing idea，” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop.“Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead __3__ the fact that they have something unique to wear __4__ are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women __5__ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive __6__ (solve) to one time event dressing.The concept __7__ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.This clothing as service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special occasion dresses to less formal clothing, __8__ she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer term rental period.“I really want to make this work for __9__ (people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean __10__ (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.
[解题技法例析]
方法(一)　利用上下文逻辑关系解并列连词和从属连词类题目
第4题 空处所在句表示：如今，顾客不再在意衣物是否是二手的，而是关注这样的事实：他们有独特的衣服穿，同时还不会让自己的衣柜里的衣物过于堆积，也不会为垃圾填埋场制造垃圾。
结合句意并分析上下文逻辑关系可知，空前的have ...to wear和空后的are not overstuffing ...landfill为并列关系，故用and连接。
方法(二)　利用2个关键点确定定语从句关系词
第8题 先行词：less formal clothing
从句she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers ...缺少package和offer的宾语。
先行词指物，结合定语从句的知识可知，应填关系代词which。
[参考答案]　1.a　2.times　3.on/upon　4.and 5．to rent　6.solution　7.is　8.which
9．people's　10.returning
(2025·江苏模拟)Dujiangyan, __1__ (trace) back to the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, is a remarkable example of ancient __2__ (engineer) skill and is still in use today.
During the Warring States period, the __3__ (settle) along the river suffered from constant flood destruction.An irrigation engineer, Li Bing, led a team to construct an embankment (堤坝) to redirect part of the river's flow upon thorough investigation.They needed to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to let out the extra water.However, cutting the channel ___4__ (prove) a much more challenging task than anticipated, as the mountain's rock was so hard that traditional tools were __5__ (adequate)．Therefore, they used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they broke __6__ could be removed.Once completed, the system prevented floods and made Sichuan one of China's most productive agricultural regions by using the redirected water __7__ irrigation.
Now if you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction __8__ looks like a fish's mouth.This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, __9__ (design) originally to control the water flow throughout the year.Recognized as __10__ UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years.
第四讲 习题讲评——每卷2篇语法填空限时训练/练后讲评
语法填空是高考中的保分题型。一些考生错1～2个题目的原因大多是心浮气躁未读懂语篇，粗心大意、惯性思维造成的。二轮复习，就语法填空而言，应在细节微点上下功夫。本专题共设置8套训练卷，每卷2个语篇，每卷训练20分钟，剩余时间用于易错题目的讲评。力争做到错题清零，完胜语法填空。
见配套8开卷《习题讲评》P165－172　　　　
　　　　　　　　　设计5套“4篇阅读理解＋1篇阅读七选五＋1篇完形填空＋1篇语法填空”仿真组合训练，将80分语篇题集中置于一起训练，旨在提高语篇题的解题速度，为顺利、完美写作留下充分构思时间。合理分配每一区块的答题用时，掌控每一区块的答题节奏，让考场“循节奏”答题气定神闲。见配套8开卷《习题讲评》P173－212
第三讲　专攻重难(2)
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了都江堰的历史与成就。
1．tracing　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作定语，Dujiangyan与trace back to之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填tracing。
2．engineering　考查名词。空处为名词作定语，修饰名词skill，表示“工程”应用engineering。故填engineering。
3．settlements　考查名词。空处为名词作主语，settle的名词形式settlement“定居点”，为可数名词，根据“along the river”可知，此处指河流沿岸的多个定居点，故用复数settlements。故填settlements。
4．proved　考查时态。空处为谓语动词，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，prove的过去式为proved。故填proved。
5．inadequate　考查形容词。空处为形容词作表语，根据“the mountain's rock was so hard” 可知，岩石坚硬，导致传统工具“不够用”，表示“不足的”应用inadequate。故填inadequate。
6．and　考查连词。broke和could be removed为两个并列的动作，用and连接，表示“岩石破裂并被移走”，体现动作的顺承关系。故填and。
7．for　考查介词。use sth.for sth.为固定结构，意为“将某物用于……”。故填for。
8．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词。先行词construction指物，使用that或者which。故填that/which。
9．was designed　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语originally可知，此处使用一般过去时；design与主语This famous attraction之间为被动关系，且主语为单数名词，所以be动词使用was。故填was designed。
10．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个联合国教科文组织遗产地”，所以使用不定冠词。UNESCO为发音以辅音音素开头的单词，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。
1 / 4(共17张PPT)
第三讲 专攻重难(2)
——并列句与主从复合句
连词和三大从句(名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句)是无提示词类题目考查的重点，也是考生的难点。此类题目要求考生能够准确分析句子结构，弄清空处与上下文之间的逻辑关系，确定空处在句中所作成分。因此，考生需要具备较强的综合分析能力。鉴于此，本讲将重点阐释连词和三大从句的解题要领，以期帮助考生提高做题的准确率。
方法(一)　利用上下文逻辑关系解并列连词和从属连词类题目
1．表示并列或递进用and, both ...and ..., not only ...but (also) ...等；
2．表示选择用or, either ...or ..., whether ...or ..., neither ...nor ...等；
3．表示转折或对比用but/yet, while, not ...but ...等；
4．表示因果用 so, for, because, since, as等；
5．表示让步用although, though和while等；
6．表示条件用if, unless, once等。
方法(二)　利用2个关键点确定定语从句关系词
两个关键点：先行词＋从句中所缺句子成分
1．从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语时填关系代词，缺少状语时，填关系副词，缺少定语时填whose。
2．先行词指人，填that/who/whom/whose；先行词指物，填that/which/whose；先行词表示时间/地点/原因，则分别填when/where/why。
方法(三)　利用4个思考方向解名词性从句类题目
方向1：从句中不缺句子成分且句意完整
此时考虑用that引导名词性从句(that无词义，且不充当句子成分)。
方向2：从句中不缺句子成分但句意不完整
如表达“是否”之意，则应考虑填whether(如果引导宾语从句，也可以填if)。
方向3：从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语
考虑填连接代词what、 who、 whom、 which、 whatever等。
[误区点拨]　名词性从句中的连接词what与that的区别：what有词义，可指代事物的内容、身份、时间或地点等；that无词义，不作句子成分。
方向4：从句中缺少状语
考虑填连接副词where (表示地点)、 when (表示时间)、 how (表示方式)、 why (表示原因)等。
[典例]　(2025·浙江1月高考)
The price of fashion — economically and environmentally — has led to the rise of 1 new way of dressing, and it's beginning to take off in Australia, too.As people now choose to wear more clothes fewer 2 (time), clothing rental services have become increasingly popular.
“I think it's an amazing idea，” says Tanya Perilli, who owns a clothing rental shop.“Customers today look past the fact that something is secondhand and focus instead 3 the fact that they have something unique to wear 4 are not overstuffing their own wardrobes (衣柜) or contributing to landfill.”
Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women 5 (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive 6 (solve) to one－time event dressing.The concept 7 (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.This clothing－as－service model follows the broader societal movement towards shared economies.
Tanya is also looking beyond special－occasion dresses to less formal clothing, 8 she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers, such as those headed to weddings abroad, with a longer－term rental period.“I really want to make this work for 9 (people) lives today, and I know that doesn't always mean 10 (return) a dress on the Monday after a special weekend，” she says.
[参考答案]　1.a　2.times　3.on/upon　4.and 5．to rent　6.solution　7.is　8.which　9.people's 10．Returning
方法(一)　利用上下文逻辑关系解并列连词和从属连词类题目
解题技法例析
第4题 空处所在句表示：如今，顾客不再在意衣物是否是二手的，而是关注这样的事实：他们有独特的衣服穿，同时还不会让自己的衣柜里的衣物过于堆积，也不会为垃圾填埋场制造垃圾。
结合句意并分析上下文逻辑关系可知，空前的have ...to wear和空后的are not overstuffing ...landfill为并列关系，故用and连接。
方法(二)　利用2个关键点确定定语从句关系词
第8题 先行词：less formal clothing
从句she plans to package as capsule wardrobes and offer to travellers ...缺少package和offer的宾语。
先行词指物，结合定语从句的知识可知，应填关系代词which。
(2025·江苏模拟)Dujiangyan, 1 (trace) back to the State of Qin as an irrigation (灌溉) and flood control system, is a remarkable example of ancient 2 (engineer) skill and is still in use today.
During the Warring States period, the 3 (settle) along the river suffered from constant flood destruction.An irrigation engineer, Li Bing, led a team to construct an embankment (堤坝) to redirect part of the river's flow upon thorough investigation.They needed to cut a channel
随堂训练·应用体验
through Mount Yulei to let out the extra water.However, cutting the channel 4 (prove) a much more challenging task than anticipated, as the mountain's rock was so hard that traditional tools were 5 (adequate)．Therefore, they used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they broke 6 could be removed.Once completed, the system prevented floods and made Sichuan one of China's most productive agricultural regions by using the redirected water 7 irrigation.
Now if you visit Dujiangyan, you will see an unusual construction 8 looks like a fish's mouth.This famous attraction, Yuzui, together with two other important parts, namely, Feishayan and Baopingkou, 9 (design) originally to control the water flow throughout the year.Recognized as 10 UNESCO heritage site, Dujiangyan has irrigated farms while preventing floods for over 2,000 years.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了都江堰的历史与成就。
1．tracing　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作定语，Dujiangyan与trace back to之间为主动关系，所以使用现在分词形式。故填tracing。
2．engineering　考查名词。空处为名词作定语，修饰名词skill，表示“工程”应用engineering。故填engineering。
3．settlements　考查名词。空处为名词作主语，settle的名词形式settlement“定居点”，为可数名词，根据“along the river”可知，此处指河流沿岸的多个定居点，故用复数settlements。故填settlements。
4．proved　考查时态。空处为谓语动词，此处描述的是过去的事情，所以使用一般过去时，prove的过去式为proved。故填proved。
5．inadequate　考查形容词。空处为形容词作表语，根据“the mountain's rock was so hard” 可知，岩石坚硬，导致传统工具“不够用”，表示“不足的”应用inadequate。故填inadequate。
6．and　考查连词。broke和could be removed为两个并列的动作，用and连接，表示“岩石破裂并被移走”，体现动作的顺承关系。故填and。
7．for　考查介词。use sth.for sth.为固定结构，意为“将某物用于……”。故填for。
8．that/which　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词。先行词construction指物，使用that或者which。故填that/which。
9．was designed　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。空处为谓语动词，根据时间状语originally可知，此处使用一般过去时；design与主语This famous attraction之间为被动关系，且主语为单数名词，所以be动词使用was。故填was designed。
10．a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个联合国教科文组织遗产地”，所以使用不定冠词。UNESCO为发音以辅音音素开头的单词，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。

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