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8AUnit8 Safe and sound（学生版）
【Welcome to the unit】
【教材原文】Safe and sound
【知识点】safe adj.“安全的”（可在句子中作表语或定语）
e.g.The children are quite safe here.孩子们在这十分安全。
We all wished him a safe journey.我们都祝他一路平安。
—_________adv.“安全地”—_________n.“安全 —_________adj.“不安全的”（否定前缀）
—__________adj.危险的（反义词）
【常用结构】
①【Unit5】妥善照料_________________
②安然无恙_________________
【练习】
语法填空
Last weekend, my friends and I went hiking. The guide said it’s ________ (danger) to climb alone, so we walked ________ (safe) together. We found a ________ (safe) spot to rest and put our bags in a place with enough ________ (safe). Some of us wanted to touch the _________ (safe) rocks, but the guide stopped us. On the way back, we helped an old man walk ________ (safe) down the hill. We learned that________ (dangerous) situations can be avoided with care. Now, I always check if the path is ________ (safe) before walking. My mom says following rules is important for our ________ (safe).
【知识点】sound
①adj.〔形容词〕健康的，无损伤的
e.g.After the accident,the car was not sound anymore.事故之后，这辆车不再完好了。
e.g.We arrived home safe and sound.我们安然无恙地到了家。
②〔连系动词〕听起来好像 其后跟形容词作表语。
e.g.That sounds great.那听起来很棒。
③〔名词〕声音
e.g.The sound of rain helps me sleep.雨声帮助我入睡。
【练习】
一、所给词的适当形式填空
1. After the earthquake, the old house was still ________ (sound) because it was built with strong materials.
2. Your idea ________ (sound) interesting—let’s try it!
3. I love the ________ (sound) of birds singing in the morning.
4. We were happy to find our lost dog ________ (sound) after the storm.
【知识点】emergency n.紧急情况
—______________（复数）
【补充】emergency还可以作形容词，意为“紧急的；应急的”。
e.g.emergency exit紧急出口the emergency room急救室an emergency kit急救包
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
All of us should have first aid classes to prepare for an ________. (emergent)
Being a vet means working long hours, doing a lot of office work and being on call at night for ________. (emergency)
翻译句子
让我们来了解紧急情况和自然灾害，并找出在这些情况下如何保证自身安全。
Let’s learn about__________and__________ ___________and find out__________ __________ __________ __________in these situations.
【知识点】situation n. 情况
【常用结构】
①在......情况下___________________________
②处理......情况___________________________
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
We should try to survive in difficult ____________.（situation）
完成句子
南希最终设法改善了这种处境。
Nancy finally __________ __________ __________ __________ __________.
你可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
You can ________ ________ her to __________ __________ __________ __________.
—我们应该学会在糟糕的处境中找到好的东西。
—看到事物好的一面总会给我们力量。
—We should learn to find something good_________ _________ _________ _________.
—I agree.________ ________ ________ ________ ________ will always give us strength.
【教材原文】Coach comes off road and hits tree.长途汽车冲出路面，撞到树上。
【知识点】come off（sth.）与......分离；分开
e.g.When I tried to lift the jug,the handle came off in my hand.
我刚想提起水壶，水壶把子就掉到我手里了。
A button had come off my coat.我的外套掉了一颗纽扣。
【知识点】accident 可数n.事故；意外事件
accident作名词，意为“事故；意外”,主要指交通事故、意外遭遇或不测事件等。
e.g.The accident happened at 3p.m.这起事故发生在下午三点。
【常用结构】
①偶然；无意中_________________
②车祸__________________
③交通事故___________________
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
It isn’t safe here. There are some car ________ (accident) every year.
完成句子
开车的时候，你必须注意交通信号灯，以避免发生事故。
When driving, you must _______ _______ _______ the _______ _______ to avoid________.
【知识点】traffic n.交通；运输
指路上行驶的车辆、人流和货流，常用作不可数名词。常放在名词前作定语。
e.g. traffic lights交通灯
a traffic sign交通标志
heavy traffic交通拥堵
【知识点】terrible adj.“可怕的”
—___________adv.“很；非常”（表示程度深）
terrible作形容词，意为“可怕的，糟糕的”或“劣质的”,表示某种情况、事物或状态非常糟糕，令人不快。表示物体的质量时，意为“劣质的”。
e.g.terrible accident严重的事故
e.g.terrible weather恶劣的天气
e.g.terrible news骇人听闻的消息
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
I’m ________ sorry for the ________ noise that my son made just now. (terrible)
He was _________ ill, so he couldn’t go to school yesterday. (terrible)
【知识点】more than
当more than后面接具体数字时，意为“超过；多于”,相当于over。
e.g.There are more than 30 teachers in our school.我们学校有30多个老师。
(2)more than后面接名词或动名词时，意为“不仅仅是”,表示超出字面意义的范围。
e.g.He is more than a teacher,he is a writer.他不仅仅是一名老师，还是一名作家。
(3)more than还可以表达程度，意为“非常”,后接形容词或副词，用于加强语气。
e.g.I’m more than happy to help you.我非常高兴帮助你们。
【Reading】
【知识点】shake n.,vi.&vt.摇动
—___________（过去式）—_________（现在分词/n.摇动；震动）
①可数n.摇动
【教材原文】At first,I felt a slight shake. 起初，我感到轻微的晃动。
【补充】shake作n.还可以表示“奶昔”，指一种饮品。
e.g.I’ll have a chocolate shake.我要一杯巧克力奶昔。
②vt.及物动词“摇动；抖动；与......握手” （表示主动摇动某物）
e.g.The earthquake shook the building.地震摇动建筑物。
【常用结构】
与某人握手___________________
（2）摇头_________________
③vi.不及物动词 （表示自身抖动或震动）
【教材原文】The earth started to shake.大地开始摇晃。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空。
When Linda was performing on the stage, I noticed her hands _________ (shake).
He was so thankful to me that he ________ (shake) my hands without saying a word.
The dog always _______ (shake)its tail when the guests(客人)come to my home.
【知识点】shout vi.&n.呼喊；喊叫
①vi.不及物动词 呼喊；喊叫
【常用结构】
大声呼救_________________
朝某人叫骂(多指因生气等非善意地对某人吼叫)_________________
朝某人叫喊(多指因距离远而不得不叫喊，不带生气等情感因素)_________________
②n.〔可数名词〕呼喊，喊叫声
e.g.I can hear the shouts from the crowd.我能听见人群中的叫喊声。
【练习】
单项选择
（ ）1. It was so noisy that I had to shout ________ you.
A．to B．for C．at
（ ）2. Don’t shout ________ him. He is just a child.
A．for B．on C．in D．at
填空
The students on the grass bank _______（shout） ________ (noise)when their team won.
2.After the game,the fans gave out excited_________（shout）to celebrate their team’s victory.
【知识点】fear 不可数n.恐惧；害怕
【常用结构】
害怕地；恐惧地____________________
①“in+名词”表示处于某种状态中。
e.g.in danger处于危险中in trouble处于麻烦中in surprise惊奇地
②“out of+名词”表示脱离某种状态。
e.g.out of danger脱离危险out of trouble摆脱麻烦
【补充知识点】fear可以作动词“害怕;恐惧;担忧”基本用法
①vt.及物动词 fear+n.（名词）/pron.（代词）表示害怕某人或某事
e.g. She fears spiders.她害怕蜘蛛。
②fear+动名词（doing）表示害怕发生某事
e.g. He fears losing his job.他害怕丢工作。
③fear+that从句 表示害怕某个情况会发生
e.g.I fear that we may be late.我担心我们可能会迟到。
【练习】
翻译句子
1.我们唯一需要害怕的东西就是恐惧本身。
The only things we have to________ is__________ ___________.
然而，而不是畏惧危险，他一直保持积极的态度。
However, ________ ________ ________the ________, he kept a ________ attitude.
填空
Her eyes shows no _________（fear). She is such a brave girl.
The little girl is looking at the lion in_______ (fearful).
The girl is so shy that she ________ (fear) speaking in front of people.
【教材原文】I tried my best to run out too. 我也竭尽全力想要跑出去。
Some run out of the building. 有些人跑出大楼。
【知识点】run out 跑出 （不及物动词短语）
【知识点】run out of 从......跑出去（及物动词短语）
【补充】
①run out还有“用完；耗尽；到期”
主语通常是“时间、金钱、食物、电量、耐心”等可消耗的东西。
e.g. The water has run out.水用完了。（某物被用完）
Your contract runs out next month.你的合同下个月到期了。（时间到期、截止）
My patience is running out.我的耐心快没了。（某物消耗殆尽）
②run out of还有“用完了某物（主语是人或物）”（及物动词短语）
考点 人作主语：某人用完某物
物做主语：某无敌供应被耗尽
e.g. We have run out of milk.我们的牛奶喝完了。
He ran out of the money.他上周把钱花光了。
The car is running out of gas.车快没油了。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
Hurry up! The time ________ (run) out soon.
单项选择
（ ）1. We should ______ coal,because the underground coal will _______ some day.
A．save；run out of B．save；run out C．produce；run out of D．produce；run out
（ ）2. He ______ all the money, so he had to go back home.
A．run out of B．ran out of C． runs out D．runs out of
（ ）3. —His money ________. He asked his mother for some.
—He’s just a teenager. He shouldn’t ________ money to buy something useless.
A．ran out of; run out B．run out; run out of C．ran out; run out of
（ ）4. His money ________ this morning.
A．run out of B．ran out of C．run out D．ran out
完成句子
The oil on the earth will run out one day.（改为同义句）
People will ________ ________ ________ the oil on the earth one day.
If you run out of your money, you can’t buy the book.(改为同义句）
If your money ________ ________, you can’t buy the book.
翻译句子
那个穿着蓝色外套的男士跑出了大楼
The man________a blue coat _______ ________ ________the building.
如果我们的房子着火了，我们要尽快跑出去。
We should_______ ________ as soon as possible if our house is on fire.
【知识点】try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
相当于：___________________
【练习】
翻译句子
我可以采取措施克服恐惧，尽我最大努力实现梦想。
I can ________ ________ to overcome my _______ and ________ ________ ________ to realize my dream.
所给词的适当形式填空
The police are trying their best ______（find）out ________ (原因) of the accident.
【知识点】direction n.方向
【常用结构】
四处；到处_______________________
朝着......方向_______________________
（3）方向感___________________
【补充】 v.“执导(电影等)；指示”—___________n.“导演”
__________
adj.“直接的”—___________adv.“直接地”
【练习】
填空
Hearing a loud noise, the birds flew away in different ________ (direct).
As a __________ (direct), Jerry always tries his best ______（tell）the actors how to act.
Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from shining (direct) in your eyes.
翻译句子
起初，我看见树叶在风中向四面八方飞舞。
________ _________ _________,I saw leaves fly________ _________ _________ in the wind.
【知识点】silent adj.“安静的；沉默的”
—__________n.“安静；沉默”
【常用结构】
静静地；默不作声地_____________
保持安静_______________
【练习】
填空
To break the ________ (silent), the lady told a joke and all of us laughed right away.
When the host was about to announce the first prize of the competition, all the students became strangely________（silent）.
完成句子
Please sit there and keep silent. (改为同义句)
Please ________ there ________ ________.
【教材原文】I couldn't see anything at all,and I didn't know if anyone else was around me.
我什么也看不见，也不知道周围是否有别人。
【知识点】not...at all根本不……,一点儿也不……
not常与连系动词be、助动词或情态动词连用，at all常位于句末。
e.g. I didn't enjoy the film at all.我一点儿也不喜欢那部电影。
拓展Not at all.别客气/不用谢。可单独使用，是回答道谢的客套话。
—Thank you for repairing my bike.谢谢你为我修自行车。—Not at all.不客气。
【知识点】if〔连词〕
①是否 引导宾语从句。
e.g. I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否会下雨。
②如果引导条件状语从句。
当主句用一般将来时或主句为祈使句或主句中含有情态动词时，if从句常用一般现在时表将来。
e.g. If it is fine tomorrow,we'll have a picnic.如果明天天气好，我们将去野餐。
【练习】
单项选择
（ ）1. I wonder if he ________ abroad next year. If he ________, please tell me.
A．will go, do B．go, will do C．will go, does D．goes, will do
（ ）2. —Let’s go hiking if it ________ fine tomorrow.
—But nobody knows if it ________.
A．is; rains B．is; will rain C．will be; rains D．will be; will rain
【教材原文】I felt nervous and my heart was beating really fast.
我感到很惶恐，心跳得很快。
【知识点】nervous adj.〔形容词〕焦虑的；胆怯的；惶恐的
【常用结构】
对……感到紧张_____________________
e.g. They are nervous about public speaking.他们对公开演讲感到紧张。
【练习】
翻译句子
他太紧张了以至于一句话都说不出来
He was ________ _________ ________ say a word.
【知识点】beat
—_________（过去式）
①v.〔动词〕(使)规律作响或运动一般指心脏、脉搏等的跳动。
e.g. After running,your heart usually beats faster.跑步过后，你的心脏通常跳得更快。
②〔动词〕用力敲打
e.g. Rain was beating against the window all night.雨整夜拍打着窗户。
e.g. My little brother likes beating the drum.我弟弟喜欢击鼓。
③〔及物动词〕打败，战胜 其宾语一般是竞争对手。
e.g. Yang Ming beat Li Lin in the table tennis match.杨明在乒乓球比赛中战胜了李林。
【练习】
填空
The drummer ________ (beat) the drums loudly and created an exciting rhythm.
【教材原文】"I'm trapped,"I said to myself.“我被困住了，”我心里想。
【知识点】trap
①使陷入困境；困住
e.g. They were trapped in the burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
②n.“陷阱；困境”
e.g. The stranger’s kind offer turned out to be a trap.那个陌生人的善意的提议原来是个圈套。
【常用结构】
被困在......_______________________
【练习】
填空
Try to find your way out when you are _______ (trap) in the fire.
翻译句子
我建议立刻让他振作起来，不然他将陷入两难的境地。
I suggest _______ _______ _______ at once, or he will _______ _______ _______ a dilemma.
【教材原文】A moment of fear went through my mind,but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.我的脑海中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我还活着。
【知识点】calm down (使)平静
此时calm作动词，意为“(使)平静，(使)镇静”
e.g.Listening to music can make you calm down.听音乐能让你平静下来。
【补充】calm还可作形容词，意为“镇定的；平静的”。
e.g.keep calm保持镇定
【练习】
翻译句子
地震发生时，我们应该冷静下来，而不是慌忙地跑向四面八方。
When an earthquake_________, we should_______ _______instead of ________ ________ _________ _________ in a hurry.
起初她很紧张，但我们很快使她平静了下来。
She was __________ at first but soon we ________ __________ ___________.
【教材原文】I cried out in a weak voice.我用微弱的声音喊道。
【知识点】weak adj.〔形容词〕
①虚弱的可在句中作定语或表语。反义词：strong(强壮的)
e.g.My grandfather has a weak heart.我的祖父心脏不好。
e.g.He looked very weak.他看上去非常虚弱。
②不擅长，(能力)弱的
【常用结构】在……方面弱；不擅长……_______________(反：be good at擅长……)
e.g.Jack is weak in maths.杰克不擅长数学。
【补充】the weak弱者
相当于the weak people。英语中“the+形容词”表示“某一类人”。
e.g.We should help the weak.我们应该帮助弱者。
【练习】
翻译句子
吉米的语法比较弱。他的老师建议他多做一些语法练习。
Jimmy ________ _________ ________ __________. His teacher________him to do grammar exercises a lot.
【知识点】辨析voice,sound与noise
voice 嗓音 指人说话、唱歌或笑的声音，也可以指鸟叫声
sound 声音 泛指人能听到的任何声音
noise 噪声 指不悦耳、吵闹的声音
e.g.Her voice sounds very sweet.她的嗓音听起来很甜美。
e.g.The sound of music is wonderful.音乐声很美妙。
e.g.Don't make any noise.Father is sleeping.不要吵闹，爸爸在睡觉。
【练习】用sound、voice和noise填空。
1. Don’t make any ________, children.
2. ________ travels slower than light.
3. The little girl has a very beautiful and sweet ________.
4. I can hear the ________ of the bells outside.
【教材原文】It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
起初，除了大自然的声音，我周围很安静。
【知识点】except prep.〔介词〕除……之外
表示“从整体中除去……"”,有“减”的意思。相当于except for。
e.g.We work every day except Monday.我们除了周一外每天都工作。
They all came except Matt.除马特外他们都来了。
注意：except介词 除......之外和___________动词 期待；盼望不要混淆。
【补充】besides prep.〔介词〕除……之外，还有……有“加”的意思。
e.g.Besides Chinese,I can speak French.除了日语之外，我还会讲法语。(汉语、法语都会讲)
【练习】
一、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。
1. After a long journey,they all felt tired_________(除了)me.
二、选词填空：besides与except
1. Everyone went to the zoo ________ Tom because he was ill in hospital.
2. ________ singing, Lucy can play the piano and dance.
【知识点】burn
—__________（过去式）—____________adj.着火的；燃烧的
①〔不及物动词〕着火
Dry wood burns easily.干木头很容易着火。
②〔动词〕(使)烧毁，烧伤；烫伤；燃烧
The soup is hot.Don't burn your mouth.汤很热，别烫着你的嘴。
③〔可数名词〕烧伤，烫伤，灼伤
She got a painful burn from the hot oil.她被热油严重烫伤了。
【练习】
填空
People cut down and _________lots of trees to make energy in the past.（burn）
Don’t go close to the ________ (burn) house. It’s very dangerous.
翻译句子
1. 我们用完煤了，不得不烧木头。
We ________ ________ ________ coal, and we ________ ________ ________ wood.
【Grammar】
Past continuous tense过去进行时
一、概念
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
结构
由“was/were+动词-ing形式”构成。
肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他
e.g.I was having breakfast at six yesterday morning昨天早上六点我在吃早饭。
否定句：主语+was/were+not（wasn’t/weren’t）+动词-ing+其他
e.g.I wasn’t having breakfast at six yesterday morning昨天早上六点我没在吃早饭。
一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语++动词-ing+其他？
肯定回答为“Yes,主语+was/were.”; 否定回答为“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”
e.g.Were you having breakfast at six yesterday morning 昨天早上六点你在吃早饭吗？
肯定回答为Yes, I was. 否定回答为No, I wasn't
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语++动词-ing+其他
e.g.What were you doing at 8 last night 你昨天晚上八点正在做什么？
三、时间标志词
（1）明确的过去时间点：at that time/moment、at nine o’clock last night、at this time yesterday
e.g.I first met Lisa three years ago.She was working at a TV shop at that time.
e.g.I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.当老师进来时，我正在画一匹马
（2）过去的时间段：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening、the whole morning、all day yesterday、from...to...yesterday
e.g.She was playing the guitar from two to four yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午两点到四点她在弹吉他。
（3）过去时的时间状语从句：由while、when等引导
e.g.There were many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 他到场时会议室有很多人。
e.g.While Millie was watching TV, her mother was sleeping. 米莉在看电视时她妈妈在睡觉。
注意 有些动词通常不用于进行时，主要有： ①表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。 ②部分连系动词，如seem、appear等。 ③感官动词，如see、hear、smell、sound、taste等。 ④表示存在、拥有，如be（表示状态时）、have（拥有）、belong、own ⑤短暂性动词，如decide、stop等。
【练习】
一、单项选择
【24-25南京秦淮区期末】（ ）1 . The students ________ morning exercises on the playground when a sudden storm hit at 9 a. m. last Friday.
A．do B．did C．are doing D．were doing
【24-25南外10月月考】（ ）2. I didn’t notice the old man ________ in. I ________ my book.
A．walk; was reading B．walking; was reading C．walk; read D．walking, read
【23-24南京联合体期末】（ ）3.—Why didn’t you watch the final of the football match last night, John
—Well, I ________ the history project with my friends at that time.
A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing
【23-24南京鼓楼区期末】（ ）4 . —I called you yesterday afternoon but you didn’t answer.
—Sorry. I ________ a report about animal protection.
A．work on B．worked on C．am working on D．was working on
【21-22南京建邺区期末】（ ）5 . —You look tired. What’s wrong with you
—I stayed up late last night. I ________ for the exam from eight o’clock till midnight.
A．prepare B．am preparing C．was preparing D．prepared
【21-22南京钟英期末】（ ）6. —Alice, I didn’t see you the whole morning.
—I ________ the whole morning to prepare for the singing competition.
A．practice B．will practice C．was practicing D．am practicing
【18-19南外10月月考】（ ）7 . — Did you hear someone shouting
— No, I didn‘t because I ________the music with headphones .
A．listened to B．have listened to
C．was listening to D．was listened to
二、所给词的适当形式填空
【23年南外三模】1 . China’s Shenzhou-16 spaceship entered the country’s space station last Tuesday. I _________ (watch) that exciting moment on TV all the time.
【23年秦淮区二模】2 . Kitty and her classmates ________ (study) carefully in the classroom at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
3 . —Didn’t you go to Jenny’s birthday party last Thursday night
—No. I ________ (prepare) for the speech that I would give the next day.
【22南京玄武区一模】4 . —Why didn’t you answer my phone just now
—Sorry, I _________ ( search ) for some good TV shows that are worth_______（watch） online.
【25-26南京求真月考】5. The soldiers ________ (attack) the enemy’s camp under the cover of night the other day.
【22南京金陵中学一模】6. —Someone broke into Granny Wang’s home yesterday.
—Luckily, she ________ (walk) her dog outside at that time.
【25-26南京求真月考】7. DeepSeeker ________ (研发) the AI chatbot which was one of the fastest-growing consumer apps last year.
【24-25南外期中】8. Having waited for a whole night on top of the mountain, all the people cheered when the sun slowly r________ from the east.
【18-19南外月考】9.The terrorist attack_______ (happen)at 9 o’clock in the morning when Tom ________________ (prepare)his speech. He didn’t even realize this was a terrible attack after __________ (hear)the loud noise.
10 . The little girl fell down and ________ (hit) her head which made her_______（cry） loudly.
11. Lily __________ (cook)dinner when a dog came into the house. She put the dishes on the desk and __________ (offer)the dog some meat.
12 . The poor polar bear _________ (死) of hunger in the snow in the end.
完成句子
【24-25南京联合体期末】1 . Daniel sat on the grass to relax himself yesterday. (用 at this time yesterday 改写)
Daniel ________ _________ on the grass to relax himself at this time yesterday.
【22-23南京鼓楼区期末】2 . The baby birds were waiting for their mother then.（对画线部分提问）
________ _________ the baby birds ________ then
【22-23南京鼓楼区期末】3 . I was watching the birds when the rain started.（改一般疑问句）
________ you ________ the birds when the rain started
When，While与as的用法
when、while与as这三个词用作时间连词，均有“当……的时候”的意思。
e.g.I was working when the earthquake started.
地震发生时，我正在工作。
e.g.People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down.
人们在四处奔逃，与此同时玻璃碎片和砖块如雨点般落下。
e.g.As I was trying to find my way out,I suddenly heard some noise above me.
当我正试图找到出路时，我突然听到上方有响声。
①When a shorter action happened at the same time as a longer action,we use the past continuous tense for the longer action and the simple past tense for the shorter action.When there are two long actions,we often use while.
当一个较短的动作和一个较长的动作同时发生时，较长的动作我们用过去进行时，较短的动作我们用一般过去时。当有两个长的动作时，我们常用while(连接)。
e.g.We were watching in fear while the firemen were putting out the fire.
我们惊恐地看着，与此同时消防员正在灭火。
②If the shorter action is in the main clause,we can use when,while or as to join the clauses.
如果较短的动作在主句中，我们可以用when、while或as来连接从句。
e.g.When/While/As Millie was watching TV,the lightning hit her building.
米莉正在看电视时，闪电击中了她所在的大楼。
【具体用法】
(1)when和as既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，也可以是延续性的；while指一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。指一段时间时，when、while和as都可用；指一点时间时，只能用when或as,不能用while。
e.g.My pen dropped on the ground when/while/as I was walking in the park.
我在公园散步的时候，我的钢笔掉在了地上。(√)
(译)我醒来时，已经八点了。
e.g.When/As I woke up,it was eight o'clock.(√)
e.g.While I woke up,it was eight o'clock.(x)
当某个动作正在进行，又发生了另一动作时，我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的长动作，用一般过去时表示短动作，此时when、while、as都可以连接主从句，构成“一般过去时+when/whle/as+过去进行时”结构，过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的“背景”。这种情况下，连词when、while、as既可位于句中，也可位于句首。
e.g.It began to rain heavily when/while/as wewere watching TV.
我们在看电视时，开始下起大雨。(watch TV为长动作)
谈论两个同时进行的长动作(事件、情况)时，常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。while也可位于句首。
e.g.While the dog was sleeping,the cat was playing with a ball.狗在睡觉时，猫在玩球。
强调某个动作正在进行，另一个动作突然发生时，常用“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。
e.g.I was writing the last sentence when the bell rang.
铃声响起时，我正在写最后一句话。
当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。此时as有“随着……”“一边……,一边……”的意思。
e.g.As years go by,China is geting richer andstronger.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
e.g.The students took notes as they listened.
学生们边听课边记笔记。
【练习】
一、单项选择
【24-25南京鼓楼期末】（ ）1 . The wind ________ hard outside when the old man got up and closed the windows.
A．blows B．was blowing C．is blowing D．will blow
【23-24南京秦淮区期末】（ ）2 . When it suddenly rained, I ________ the ball with my friends in the park.
A．kick B．kicked C．am kicking D．was kicking
【22-23南京鼓楼区期末】（ ）3 . At noon, I took a photo of some swans while they ________ on the lake.
A．dance B．are dancing C．have danced D．were dancing
二、所给词的适当形式填空。
【24-25南京金陵中学期末】1 . All the team members were ________ (train) hard when I passed by the room.
【24-25南京玄武区期末】2. While we ______ (mop) the floor, the telephone suddenly rang.
【23-24南京汇文月考】3. When the car crashed into the coffee shop, Jack ________ (interview) the CEO of the company there.
【23-24南外月考】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
【Word power】
Creating new words创造新单词
我们可以将两个单词组合在一起创造新单词，它们被称为复合词。我们可以通过多种方式构成复合名词
①noun+noun→thunderstorm,teamwork,snowball
②noun+verb→earthquake,rainfall,sunrise
③verb+noun→passport,playground,driveway
④adjective+noun→whiteboard,software,gentleman
提示：有时我们需要添加连字符(-):
north(北)+east(东)→north-east(东北)part(部分)+time(时间)→part-time(兼职的)
man → policeman
police
woman → policewoman
head → headache
ache
tooth →toothache
man → postman
post
card→ postcard
air → airport
port
pass → passport
【练习】
将A行和B行的单词组合成复合词，并写在横线上
A：police　wild　head　air　bed　sun　post　snow
B：card　shine　woman　life　ache　port　time　storm
1. ________　2. ________　3. ________　4. ________
5. ________　6. ________　7. ________　8. ________
二、找出以下每个句子中的复合词，并写出该复合词（原形）及组成它的两个小词
1. Mary and I are sleeping in her backyard.
________ = ________ + ________
2. Mooncakes are my favourite food.
________ = ________ + ________
3. John takes the underground to work every morning.
________ = ________ + ________
4. They went to Ireland by airplane.
________ = ________ + ________
5. During the winter holiday, the children always make snowmen together.
________ = ________ + ________
三、将方框中的词组成复合词，并以正确形式填入以下短文中
every　work　fire　quake　team
where　out　earth　side　man
Last month, an (1) ________ hit our town. It was a normal (正常的) school day. I was in Maths class, listening to the teacher. Suddenly, the classroom started to shake hard. Everyone was scared. Some students shouted, and others tried to find a safe place. My best friend and I helped each other. She sat next to me and held my hand tightly. We hid under the desk together, telling each other not to be afraid.
When the shaking stopped, we left the building quickly, just as the teacher told us.
(2) ________, we saw many buildings were broken. Then, a group of brave (3) ________ came. They were (4) ________, trying to save the people trapped in the buildings. All the teachers and students who were safe and sound also went to help.
In the next four hours, we worked together and rescued (援救) all those who were trapped. The earthquake also taught me about the importance of (5) ________
【知识点】report
— ___________〔可数名词〕记者；通讯员
①〔可数名词〕报道；汇报；传闻
【常用结构】
（1）作报告_______________________
（2）一篇关于……的报告_______________________
e.g.Mr Green will make a report on wild animals for us.
格林先生要为我们作一个关于野生动物的报告。
②〔动词〕报道；汇报；传闻
【常用结构】
（1）向某人报告某事_______________________
（2）据报道……._______________________
e.g.If you see anything strange,report it to me.如果你看到任何奇怪的事情，就向我报告。
e.g.It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.据报道，明天将有一场大雨。
【知识点】hit
—___________（过去式）
①〔动词〕袭击；攻击
e.g.In May a typhoon hit that country. 5月台风袭击了那个国家。
e.g.We hit the enemy when they least expected it.我们在敌人最意想不到的时候发动了进攻。
②〔及物动词〕撞击；(用手或器具)击；打；击中
e.g.The bus hit the bridge.公共汽车撞到了桥上。
e.g.The ball hit the window.那个球击中了窗户。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
I was walking in the street when a stone ________ (hit) me on the head.
An apple ________ (fall) from the tree and hit Newton’s head.
He made a big noise by ________(hit) a pipe.
【知识点】avoid〔及物动词〕避免，防止
后面跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不接动词不定式作宾语。
【常用结构】
避免做某事__________________
e.g.Try to avoid grammar mistakes.尽量避免语法错误。
e.g.You had better avoid making the same mistake.你最好避免犯同样的错误。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
You’d better avoid ________ (talk) to strangers when you are alone in the park.
翻译句子
在电子地图的帮助下，你能够避免迷路。
With the help of digital maps, you can_________ ________ ________.
【知识点】wound
—__________adj.受伤的
①〔可数名词〕伤，伤口
e.g.The nurse cleaned the wound carefully.护士认真地清洗了伤口。
②〔及物动词〕使……受伤The hunter wounded a deer.猎人打伤了一只鹿。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
There were many ________ (wound) soldiers in the war.
2. After the match, Victor went to the local hospital to have the _________ (wound) dealt with.
【知识点】bleed〔不及物动词〕流血，失血
—_________（过去式）
【常用结构】
失血致死__________________
e.g.My hand and knee were bleeding.我的手和膝盖在流血。
【补充】___________〔不可数名词〕血，血液
e.g.She lost a lot of blood in the accident.她在事故中流了很多血。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
For our bodies, ________ (bleed) is a fantastic store of heat.
2. The victim was wounded with a knife and __________(bleed) to ___________ (die) as a result.
【知识点】press
①〔动词〕按，压
e.g.She pressed the keys on the piano gently.她轻轻地按钢琴键。
②〔名词〕挤压；推；按
e.g.He gave the bell another press他又按了一下铃。
【知识点】warn〔动词〕警告，告诫
①警告某人(不要)做某事___________________________
e.g.He warned me to stay away from the deep lake.他告诚我远离深水湖。
e.g.We warned him not to play with fire.我们警告他不要玩火。
②警告某人某事；提醒某人注意某事___________________________
e.g.The police warned the children of/about thedanger.警察提醒孩子们注意危险。
③警告/告诫某人不要做某事___________________________
e.g.The doctor warned my father against smoking.医生告诫我父亲不要吸烟。
【补充】_________〔名词〕警示，警告
e.g. a warning message警告消息
a warning sign警示标志
【练习】
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. We warn students________(not swim)in theriver every summer.It's dangerous.
【知识点】run away from从……·逃离；逃避 其后一般接名词。
e.g.My cat ran away from home last night.昨晚我的猫从家里跑了。
e.g.You can't run away from your problems forever.你不能永远逃避问题。
拓展stay/keep away from离开；不接近
e.g.Stay/Keep away from the fire!It's dangerous!别靠近火!很危险!8AUnit8 Safe and sound（教师版）
【Welcome to the unit】
【教材原文】Safe and sound
【知识点】safe adj.“安全的”
e.g.The children are quite safe here.孩子们在这十分安全。
We all wished him a safe journey.我们都祝他一路平安。
—safely adv.“安全地”—safety n.“安全 — unsafe adj.“不安全的”（否定前缀）
—dangerous adj.危险的（反义词）
【常用结构】
①【Unit5】妥善照料in safe hands
②安然无恙safe and sound
【练习】
语法填空
Last weekend, my friends and I went hiking. The guide said it’s dangerous (danger) to climb alone, so we walked safely (safe) together. We found a safe (safe) spot to rest and put our bags in a place with enough safety (safe). Some of us wanted to touch the unsafe (safe) rocks, but the guide stopped us. On the way back, we helped an old man walk safely (safe) down the hill. We learned that dangerous (dangerous) situations can be avoided with care. Now, I always check if the path is safe (safe) before walking. My mom says following rules is important for our safety (safe).
【知识点】sound
①adj.〔形容词〕健康的，无损伤的
e.g.After the accident,the car was not sound anymore.事故之后，这辆车不再完好了。
e.g.We arrived home safe and sound.我们安然无恙地到了家。
②〔连系动词〕听起来好像 其后跟形容词作表语。
e.g.That sounds great.那听起来很棒。
③〔名词〕声音
e.g.The sound of rain helps me sleep.雨声帮助我入睡。
一、所给词的适当形式填空
1. After the earthquake, the old house was still sound (sound) because it was built with strong materials.
2. Your idea sounds (sound) interesting—let’s try it!
3. I love the sound (sound) of birds singing in the morning.
4. We were happy to find our lost dog sound (sound) after the storm.
【知识点】emergency n.紧急情况
—emergencies（复数）
【补充】emergency还可以作形容词，意为“紧急的；应急的”。
e.g.emergency exit紧急出口the emergency room急救室an emergency kit急救包
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
All of us should have first aid classes to prepare for an emergency. (emergent)
Being a vet means working long hours, doing a lot of office work and being on call at night for emergencies. (emergency)
翻译句子
让我们来了解紧急情况和自然灾害，并找出在这些情况下如何保证自身安全。
Let’s learn about emergencies and natural disasters and find out how to stay safe in these situations.
【知识点】situation n. 情况
【常用结构】
①在......情况下in a/an/the...situation
②处理......情况 deal with a/an...situation
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
We should try to survive in difficult situations.（situation）
完成句子
南希最终设法改善了这种处境。
Nancy finally managed to improve the situation.
你可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
You can depend on her to deal with the situation.
—我们应该学会在糟糕的处境中找到好的东西。
—看到事物好的一面总会给我们力量。
—We should learn to find something good in a bad situation.
—I agree. Looking on the bright side will always give us strength.
【教材原文】Coach comes off road and hits tree.长途汽车冲出路面，撞到树上。
【知识点】come off（sth.）与......分离；分开
e.g.When I tried to lift the jug,the handle came off in my hand.
我刚想提起水壶，水壶把子就掉到我手里了。
A button had come off my coat.我的外套掉了一颗纽扣。
【知识点】accident 可数n.事故；意外事件
accident作名词，意为“事故；意外”,主要指交通事故、意外遭遇或不测事件等。
e.g.The accident happened at 3p.m.这起事故发生在下午三点。
【常用结构】
①偶然；无意中 by accident
②车祸car accident
③交通事故traffic accident
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
It isn’t safe here. There are some car accidents (accident) every year.
完成句子
开车的时候，你必须注意交通信号灯，以避免发生事故。
When driving, you must pay attention to the traffic lights to avoid accidents.
【知识点】traffic n.交通；运输
指路上行驶的车辆、人流和货流，常用作不可数名词。常放在名词前作定语。
e.g. traffic lights交通灯
a traffic sign交通标志
heavy traffic交通拥堵
【知识点】terrible adj.“可怕的”
—terribly adv.“很；非常”（表示程度深）
terrible作形容词，意为“可怕的，糟糕的”或“劣质的”,表示某种情况、事物或状态非常糟糕，令人不快。表示物体的质量时，意为“劣质的”。
e.g.terrible accident严重的事故
e.g.terrible weather恶劣的天气
e.g.terrible news骇人听闻的消息
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
I’m terribly sorry for the terrible noise that my son made just now.(terrible)
He was terribly ill, so he couldn’t go to school yesterday.(terrible)
【知识点】more than
当more than后面接具体数字时，意为“超过；多于”,相当于over。
e.g.There are more than 30 teachers in our school.我们学校有30多个老师。
(2)more than后面接名词或动名词时，意为“不仅仅是”,表示超出字面意义的范围。
e.g.He is more than a teacher,he is a writer.他不仅仅是一名老师，还是一名作家。
(3)more than还可以表达程度，意为“非常”,后接形容词或副词，用于加强语气。
e.g.I’m more than happy to help you.我非常高兴帮助你们。
【Reading】
【知识点】shake n.,vi.&vt.摇动
— shook（过去式）— shaking（现在分词/n.摇动；震动）
①可数n.摇动
【教材原文】At first,I felt a slight shake. 起初，我感到轻微的晃动。
【补充】shake作n.还可以表示“奶昔”，指一种饮品。
e.g.I’ll have a chocolate shake.我要一杯巧克力奶昔。
②vt.及物动词“摇动；抖动；与......握手” （表示主动摇动某物）
e.g.The earthquake shook the building.地震摇动建筑物。
【常用结构】
（1）与某人握手 shake hands with sb.
（2）摇头 shake one’s head
③vi.不及物动词 （表示自身抖动或震动）
【教材原文】The earth started to shake.大地开始摇晃。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空。
When Linda was performing on the stage, I noticed her hands shaking (shake).
He was so thankful to me that he shook (shake) my hands without saying a word.
The dog always shakes (shake)its tail when the guests(客人)come to my home.
【知识点】shout vi.&n.呼喊；喊叫
①vi.不及物动词 呼喊；喊叫
【常用结构】
大声呼救shout for help
朝某人叫骂(多指因生气等非善意地对某人吼叫)shout at sb
朝某人叫喊(多指因距离远而不得不叫喊，不带生气等情感因素)shout to sb
②n.〔可数名词〕呼喊，喊叫声
e.g.I can hear the shouts from the crowd.我能听见人群中的叫喊声。
【练习】
单项选择
（ A ）1. It was so noisy that I had to shout ________ you.
A．to B．for C．at
（ D ）2. Don’t shout ________ him. He is just a child.
A．for B．on C．in D．at
填空
The students on the grass bank shouted（shout） noisily (noise)when their team won.
After the game,the fans gave out excited shouts（shout）to celebrate their team’s victory.
【知识点】fear 不可数n.恐惧；害怕
【常用结构】
害怕地；恐惧地 in fear
①“in+名词”表示处于某种状态中。
e.g.in danger处于危险中in trouble处于麻烦中in surprise惊奇地
②“out of+名词”表示脱离某种状态。
e.g.out of danger脱离危险out of trouble摆脱麻烦
【补充知识点】fear可以作动词“害怕;恐惧;担忧”基本用法
①vt.及物动词 fear+n.（名词）/pron.（代词）表示害怕某人或某事
e.g. She fears spiders.她害怕蜘蛛。
②fear+动名词（doing）表示害怕发生某事
e.g. He fears losing his job.他害怕丢工作。
③fear+that从句 表示害怕某个情况会发生
e.g.I fear that we may be late.我担心我们可能会迟到。
【练习】
翻译句子
1.我们唯一需要害怕的东西就是恐惧本身。
The only things we have to fear is fear itself.
2. 然而，而不是畏惧危险，他一直保持积极的态度。
However, instead of fearing the danger, he kept a positive attitude.
填空
Her eyes shows no fear（fear). She is such a brave girl.
The little girl is looking at the lion in_fear (fearful).
The girl is so shy that she fears (fear) speaking in front of people.
【教材原文】I tried my best to run out too. 我也竭尽全力想要跑出去。
Some run out of the building. 有些人跑出大楼。
【知识点】run out 跑出 （不及物动词短语）
【知识点】run out of 从......跑出去
【补充】
①run out还有“用完；耗尽；到期”（不及物动词短语）
主语通常是“时间、金钱、食物、电量、耐心”等可消耗的东西。
e.g. The water has run out.水用完了。（某物被用完）
Your contract runs out next month.你的合同下个月到期了。（时间到期、截止）
My patience is running out.我的耐心快没了。（某物消耗殆尽）
②run out of还有“用完了某物（主语是人或物）”（及物动词短语）
考点 人作主语：某人用完某物
物做主语：某无敌供应被耗尽
e.g. We have run out of milk.我们的牛奶喝完了。
He ran out of the money.他上周把钱花光了。
The car is running out of gas.车快没油了。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
Hurry up! The time will run/is running (run) out soon.
单项选择
（ B ）1. We should ______ coal,because the underground coal will _______ some day.
A．save；run out of B．save；run out C．produce；run out of D．produce；run out
（ B ）2. He ______ all the money, so he had to go back home.
A．run out of B．ran out of C． runs out D．runs out of
（ C ）3. —His money ________. He asked his mother for some.
—He’s just a teenager. He shouldn’t ________ money to buy something useless.
A．ran out of; run out B．run out; run out of C．ran out; run out of
（ D ）4. His money ________ this morning.
A．run out of B．ran out of C．run out D．ran out
完成句子
The oil on the earth will run out one day.（改为同义句）
People will run out of the oil on the earth one day.
If you run out of your money, you can’t buy the book.(改为同义句）
If your money runs out, you can’t buy the book.
翻译句子
那个穿着蓝色外套的男士跑出了大楼
The man in a blue coat runs out of the building.
如果我们的房子着火了，我们要尽快跑出去。
We should run out as soon as possible if our house is on fire.
【知识点】try one’s best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事
相当于：do one’s best to do sth.
【练习】
翻译句子
1.我可以采取措施克服恐惧，尽我最大努力实现梦想。
I can take action to overcome my fear and try/do my best to realize my dream.
二、填空
The police are trying their best to find（find）out causes (原因) of the accident.
【知识点】direction n.方向
【常用结构】
四处；到处in all directions
朝着......方向 in the direction of...
方向感 sense of direction
【补充】 v.“执导(电影等)；指示”—director n.“导演”
direct
adj.“直接的”—directly adv.“直接地”
【练习】
填空
Hearing a loud noise, the birds flew away in different directions (direct).
As a director (direct), Jerry always tries his best to tell（tell）the actors how to act.
Remember to use sunglasses to stop the sun from shining directly (direct) in your eyes.
翻译句子
起初，我看见树叶在风中向四面八方飞舞。
In the beginning,I saw leaves fly in all directions in the wind.
【知识点】silent adj.“安静的；沉默的”
— silence n.“安静；沉默”
【常用结构】
静静地；默不作声地 in silence
保持安静 keep silent
【练习】
填空
To break the silence (silent), the lady told a joke and all of us laughed right away.
When the host was about to announce the first prize of the competition, all the students became strangely silent （silent）.
完成句子
Please sit there and keep silent. (改为同义句)
Please sit there in silence .
【教材原文】I couldn't see anything at all,and I didn't know if anyone else was around me.
我什么也看不见，也不知道周围是否有别人。
【知识点】not...at all根本不……,一点儿也不……
not常与连系动词be、助动词或情态动词连用，at all常位于句末。
e.g. I didn't enjoy the film at all.我一点儿也不喜欢那部电影。
拓展Not at all.别客气/不用谢。可单独使用，是回答道谢的客套话。
—Thank you for repairing my bike.谢谢你为我修自行车。—Not at all.不客气。
【知识点】if〔连词〕
①是否 引导宾语从句。
e.g. I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天是否会下雨。
②如果引导条件状语从句。
当主句用一般将来时或主句为祈使句或主句中含有情态动词时，if从句常用一般现在时表将来。
e.g. If it is fine tomorrow,we'll have a picnic.如果明天天气好，我们将去野餐。
【练习】
单项选择
（ C ）1. I wonder if he ________ abroad next year. If he ________, please tell me.
A．will go, do B．go, will do C．will go, does D．goes, will do
（ B ）2. —Let’s go hiking if it ________ fine tomorrow.
—But nobody knows if it ________.
A．is; rains B．is; will rain C．will be; rains D．will be; will rain
【教材原文】I felt nervous and my heart was beating really fast.
我感到很惶恐，心跳得很快。
【知识点】nervous adj.〔形容词〕焦虑的；胆怯的；惶恐的
【常用结构】
对……感到紧张be nervous about...
e.g. They are nervous about public speaking.他们对公开演讲感到紧张。
【练习】
翻译句子
他太紧张了以至于一句话都说不出来
He was too nervous to say a word.
【知识点】beat
— beat （过去式）
①v.〔动词〕(使)规律作响或运动一般指心脏、脉搏等的跳动。
e.g. After running,your heart usually beats faster.跑步过后，你的心脏通常跳得更快。
②〔动词〕用力敲打
e.g. Rain was beating against the window all night.雨整夜拍打着窗户。
e.g. My little brother likes beating the drum.我弟弟喜欢击鼓。
③〔及物动词〕打败，战胜 其宾语一般是竞争对手。
e.g. Yang Ming beat Li Lin in the table tennis match.杨明在乒乓球比赛中战胜了李林。
【练习】
填空
The drummer beat (beat) the drums loudly and created an exciting rhythm.
【教材原文】"I'm trapped,"I said to myself.“我被困住了，”我心里想。
【知识点】trap
①使陷入困境；困住
e.g. They were trapped in the burning building.他们被困在燃烧着的楼房里。
②n.“陷阱；困境”
e.g. The stranger’s kind offer turned out to be a trap.那个陌生人的善意的提议原来是个圈套。
【常用结构】
被困在...... be trapped in...
【练习】
填空
Try to find your way out when you are _______ (trap) in the fire.
翻译句子
我建议立刻让他振作起来，不然他将陷入两难的境地。
I suggest cheering him up at once, or he will be trapped in a dilemma.
【教材原文】A moment of fear went through my mind,but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.我的脑海中掠过一阵恐惧，但我告诉自己要镇定下来，因为我还活着。
【知识点】calm down (使)平静
此时calm作动词，意为“(使)平静，(使)镇静”
e.g.Listening to music can make you calm down.听音乐能让你平静下来。
【补充】calm还可作形容词，意为“镇定的；平静的”。
e.g.keep calm保持镇定
【练习】
翻译句子
地震发生时，我们应该冷静下来，而不是慌忙地跑向四面八方。
When an earthquake happens, we should calm down instead of running in all directions in a hurry.
起初她很紧张，但我们很快使她平静了下来。
She was nervous at first but soon we calmed her down.
【教材原文】I cried out in a weak voice.我用微弱的声音喊道。
【知识点】weak adj.〔形容词〕
①虚弱的可在句中作定语或表语。反义词：strong(强壮的)
e.g.My grandfather has a weak heart.我的祖父心脏不好。
e.g.He looked very weak.他看上去非常虚弱。
②不擅长，(能力)弱的
【常用结构】在……方面弱；不擅长……be weak in(反：be good at擅长……)
e.g.Jack is weak in maths.杰克不擅长数学。
【补充】the weak弱者
相当于the weak people。英语中“the+形容词”表示“某一类人”。
e.g.We should help the weak.我们应该帮助弱者。
【练习】
翻译句子
吉米的语法比较弱。他的老师建议他多做一些语法练习。
Jimmy was weak in grammar. His teacher advised him to do grammar exercises a lot.
【知识点】辨析voice,sound与noise
voice 嗓音 指人说话、唱歌或笑的声音，也可以指鸟叫声
sound 声音 泛指人能听到的任何声音
noise 噪声 指不悦耳、吵闹的声音
e.g.Her voice sounds very sweet.她的嗓音听起来很甜美。
e.g.The sound of music is wonderful.音乐声很美妙。
e.g.Don't make any noise.Father is sleeping.不要吵闹，爸爸在睡觉。
【练习】用sound、voice和noise填空。
1. Don’t make any noise, children.
2. Sound travels slower than light.
3. The little girl has a very beautiful and sweet voice.
4. I can hear the sound of the bells outside.
【教材原文】It was silent around me at first except the sounds of nature.
起初，除了大自然的声音，我周围很安静。
【知识点】except prep.〔介词〕除……之外
表示“从整体中除去……"”,有“减”的意思。相当于except for。
e.g.We work every day except Monday.我们除了周一外每天都工作。
注意：except介词 除......之外和 expect动词 期待；盼望不要混淆。
【补充】besides prep.〔介词〕除……之外，还有……有“加”的意思。
e.g.Besides Chinese,I can speak French.除了日语之外，我还会讲法语。(汉语、法语都会讲)
【练习】
一、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。
1. After a long journey,they all felt tired except (除了)me.
They all came except Matt.除马特外他们都来了。
二、选词填空：besides与except
1. Everyone went to the zoo except Tom because he was ill in hospital.
2. Besides singing, Lucy can play the piano and dance.
【知识点】burn
—burned/burnt（过去式）—burning adj.着火的；燃烧的
①〔不及物动词〕着火
e.g.Dry wood burns easily.干木头很容易着火。
②〔动词〕(使)烧毁，烧伤；烫伤；燃烧
e.g.The soup is hot.Don't burn your mouth.汤很热，别烫着你的嘴。
③〔可数名词〕烧伤，烫伤，灼伤
e.g.She got a painful burn from the hot oil.她被热油严重烫伤了。
【练习】
一、填空
People cut down and burned/burnt lots of trees to make energy in the past.（burn）
Don’t go close to the burning (burn) house. It’s very dangerous.
二、翻译句子
我们已经用完煤了，不得不烧木头。
We ran out of coal, and we had to burn wood.
【Grammar】
Past continuous tense过去进行时
一、概念
过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
结构
由“was/were+动词-ing形式”构成。
肯定句：主语+was/were+动词-ing+其他
e.g.I was having breakfast at six yesterday morning昨天早上六点我在吃早饭。
否定句：主语+was/were+not（wasn’t/weren’t）+动词-ing+其他
e.g.I wasn’t having breakfast at six yesterday morning昨天早上六点我没在吃早饭。
一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语++动词-ing+其他？
肯定回答为“Yes,主语+was/were.”; 否定回答为“No,主语+wasn't/weren't.”
e.g.Were you having breakfast at six yesterday morning 昨天早上六点你在吃早饭吗？
肯定回答为Yes, I was. 否定回答为No, I wasn't
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语++动词-ing+其他
e.g.What were you doing at 8 last night 你昨天晚上八点正在做什么？
三、时间标志词
（1）明确的过去时间点：at that time/moment、at nine o’clock last night、at this time yesterday
e.g.I first met Lisa three years ago.She was working at a TV shop at that time.
e.g.I was drawing a horse when the teacher came in.当老师进来时，我正在画一匹马
（2）过去的时间段：yesterday morning/afternoon/evening、the whole morning、all day yesterday、from...to...yesterday
e.g.She was playing the guitar from two to four yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午两点到四点她在弹吉他。
（3）过去时的时间状语从句：由while、when等引导
e.g.There were many people in the meeting room when he arrived. 他到场时会议室有很多人。
e.g.While Millie was watching TV, her mother was sleeping. 米莉在看电视时她妈妈在睡觉。
注意 有些动词通常不用于进行时，主要有： ①表示心理状态、情感的动词，如love、hate、like、know等。 ②部分连系动词，如seem、appear等。 ③感官动词，如see、hear、smell、sound、taste等。 ④表示存在、拥有，如be（表示状态时）、have（拥有）、belong、own ⑤短暂性动词，如decide、stop等。
【练习】
一、单项选择
【24-25南京秦淮区期末】（ D ）1 . The students ________ morning exercises on the playground when a sudden storm hit at 9 a. m. last Friday.
A．do B．did C．are doing D．were doing
【24-25南外10月月考】（ B ）2. I didn’t notice the old man ________ in. I ________ my book.
A．walk; was reading B．walking; was reading C．walk; read D．walking, read
【23-24南京联合体期末】（ D ）3.—Why didn’t you watch the final of the football match last night, John
—Well, I ________ the history project with my friends at that time.
A．discuss B．discussed C．am discussing D．was discussing
【23-24南京鼓楼区期末】（ D ）4 . —I called you yesterday afternoon but you didn’t answer.
—Sorry. I ________ a report about animal protection.
A．work on B．worked on C．am working on D．was working on
【21-22南京建邺区期末】（ C ）5 . —You look tired. What’s wrong with you
—I stayed up late last night. I ________ for the exam from eight o’clock till midnight.
A．prepare B．am preparing C．was preparing D．prepared
【21-22南京钟英期末】（ C ）6. —Alice, I didn’t see you the whole morning.
—I ________ the whole morning to prepare for the singing competition.
A．practice B．will practice C．was practicing D．am practicing
【18-19南外10月月考】（ C ）7 . — Did you hear someone shouting
— No, I didn‘t because I ________the music with headphones .
A．listened to B．have listened to
C．was listening to D．was listened to
二、所给词的适当形式填空
【23年南外三模】1 . China’s Shenzhou-16 spaceship entered the country’s space station last Tuesday. I was watching (watch) that exciting moment on TV all the time.
【23年秦淮区二模】2 . Kitty and her classmates were studying (study) carefully in the classroom at three o’clock yesterday afternoon.
3 . —Didn’t you go to Jenny’s birthday party last Thursday night
—No. I was preparing (prepare) for the speech that I would give the next day.
【22南京玄武区一模】4 . —Why didn’t you answer my phone just now
Sorry, I was searching(search)for some good TV shows that are worth watching（watch） online.
【25-26南京求真月考】5. The soldiers attacked (attack) the enemy’s camp under the cover of night the other day.
【22南京金陵中学一模】6. —Someone broke into Granny Wang’s home yesterday.
—Luckily, she was walking (walk) her dog outside at that time.
【25-26南京求真月考】7. DeepSeeker developed (研发) the AI chatbot which was one of the fastest-growing consumer apps last year.
【24-25南外期中】8. Having waited for a whole night on top of the mountain, all the people cheered when the sun slowly rose from the east.
【18-19南外月考】9.The terrorist attack happened (happen)at 9 o’clock in the morning when Tom was preparing (prepare)his speech. He didn’t even realize this was a terrible attack after hearing (hear)the loud noise.
10 . The little girl fell down and hit (hit) her head which made her cry（cry） loudly.
11. Lily was cooking (cook)dinner when a dog came into the house. She put the dishes on the desk and offered (offer)the dog some meat.
12 . The poor polar bear died (死) of hunger in the snow in the end.
完成句子
【24-25南京联合体期末】1 . Daniel sat on the grass to relax himself yesterday. (用 at this time yesterday 改写)
Daniel was sitting on the grass to relax himself at this time yesterday.
【22-23南京鼓楼区期末】2 . The baby birds were waiting for their mother then.（对画线部分提问）
What were the baby birds doing then
【22-23南京鼓楼区期末】3 . I was watching the birds when the rain started.（改一般疑问句）
Were you watching the birds when the rain started
When，While与as的用法
when、while与as这三个词用作时间连词，均有“当……的时候”的意思。
e.g.I was working when the earthquake started.
地震发生时，我正在工作。
e.g.People were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were raining down.
人们在四处奔逃，与此同时玻璃碎片和砖块如雨点般落下。
e.g.As I was trying to find my way out,I suddenly heard some noise above me.
当我正试图找到出路时，我突然听到上方有响声。
①When a shorter action happened at the same time as a longer action,we use the past continuous tense for the longer action and the simple past tense for the shorter action.When there are two long actions,we often use while.
当一个较短的动作和一个较长的动作同时发生时，较长的动作我们用过去进行时，较短的动作我们用一般过去时。当有两个长的动作时，我们常用while(连接)。
e.g.We were watching in fear while the firemen were putting out the fire.
我们惊恐地看着，与此同时消防员正在灭火。
②If the shorter action is in the main clause,we can use when,while or as to join the clauses.
如果较短的动作在主句中，我们可以用when、while或as来连接从句。
e.g.When/While/As Millie was watching TV,the lightning hit her building.
米莉正在看电视时，闪电击中了她所在的大楼。
【具体用法】
(1)when和as既可以指某一点时间，也可以指某一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词表示的动作既可以是瞬间性的，也可以是延续性的；while指一段时间，其引导的从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的。指一段时间时，when、while和as都可用；指一点时间时，只能用when或as,不能用while。
e.g.My pen dropped on the ground when/while/as I was walking in the park.
我在公园散步的时候，我的钢笔掉在了地上。(√)
(译)我醒来时，已经八点了。
e.g.When/As I woke up,it was eight o'clock.(√)
e.g.While I woke up,it was eight o'clock.(x)
当某个动作正在进行，又发生了另一动作时，我们常用过去进行时表示正在进行的长动作，用一般过去时表示短动作，此时when、while、as都可以连接主从句，构成“一般过去时+when/whle/as+过去进行时”结构，过去进行时动作成为一般过去时动作发生的“背景”。这种情况下，连词when、while、as既可位于句中，也可位于句首。
e.g.It began to rain heavily when/while/as wewere watching TV.
我们在看电视时，开始下起大雨。(watch TV为长动作)
谈论两个同时进行的长动作(事件、情况)时，常用“过去进行时+while+过去进行时”结构。while也可位于句首。
e.g.While the dog was sleeping,the cat was playing with a ball.狗在睡觉时，猫在玩球。
强调某个动作正在进行，另一个动作突然发生时，常用“过去进行时+when+一般过去时”结构。
e.g.I was writing the last sentence when the bell rang.
铃声响起时，我正在写最后一句话。
当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。此时as有“随着……”“一边……,一边……”的意思。
e.g.As years go by,China is geting richer andstronger.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
e.g.The students took notes as they listened.
学生们边听课边记笔记。
【练习】
单项选择
【24-25南京鼓楼期末】（ B ）1 . The wind ________ hard outside when the old man got up and closed the windows.
A．blows B．was blowing C．is blowing D．will blow
【23-24南京秦淮区期末】（ D ）2 . When it suddenly rained, I ________ the ball with my friends in the park.
A．kick B．kicked C．am kicking D．was kicking
【22-23南京鼓楼区期末】（ D ）3 . At noon, I took a photo of some swans while they ________ on the lake.
A．dance B．are dancing C．have danced D．were dancing
二、所给词的适当形式填空。
【24-25南京金陵中学期末】1 . All the team members were training (train) hard when I passed by the room.
【24-25南京玄武区期末】2. While we were mopping (mop) the floor, the telephone suddenly rang.
【23-24南京汇文月考】3. When the car crashed into the coffee shop, Jack was interviewing (interview) the CEO of the company there.
【23-24南外月考】4. Susan had quit her well-paid job and was working (work) as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
【Word power】
Creating new words创造新单词
我们可以将两个单词组合在一起创造新单词，它们被称为复合词。我们可以通过多种方式构成复合名词
①noun+noun→thunderstorm,teamwork,snowball
②noun+verb→earthquake,rainfall,sunrise
③verb+noun→passport,playground,driveway
④adjective+noun→whiteboard,software,gentleman
提示：有时我们需要添加连字符(-):
north(北)+east(东)→north-east(东北)part(部分)+time(时间)→part-time(兼职的)
man → policeman
police
woman → policewoman
head → headache
ache
tooth →toothache
man → postman
post
card→ postcard
air → airport
port
pass → passport
【练习】
【练习】
将A行和B行的单词组合成复合词，并写在横线上
A：police　wild　head　air　bed　sun　post　snow
B：card　shine　woman　life　ache　port　time　storm
policewoman 2. wildlife 3. headache 4. airport
5. bedtime 6. sunshine 7. postcard 8. snowstorm
二、找出以下每个句子中的复合词，并写出该复合词（原形）及组成它的两个小词
1. Mary and I are sleeping in her backyard.
1. backyard = back + yard
2. Mooncakes are my favourite food.
2. mooncake = moon + cake
3. John takes the underground to work every morning.
3. underground = under + ground
4. They went to Ireland by airplane.
4. airplane = air + plane
5. During the winter holiday, the children always make snowmen together.
5. snowman = snow + man
三、将方框中的词组成复合词，并以正确形式填入以下短文中
every　work　fire　quake　team
where　out　earth　side　man
Last month, an(1) earthquake hit our town. It was a normal (正常的) school day. I was in Maths class, listening to the teacher. Suddenly, the classroom started to shake hard. Everyone was scared. Some students shouted, and others tried to find a safe place. My best friend and I helped each other. She sat next to me and held my hand tightly. We hid under the desk together, telling each other not to be afraid.
When the shaking stopped, we left the building quickly, just as the teacher told us.
(2) Everywhere, we saw many buildings were broken. Then, a group of brave (3) firemen came. They were (4) hardworking, trying to save the people trapped in the buildings. All the teachers and students who were safe and sound also went to help.
In the next four hours, we worked together and rescued (援救) all those who were trapped. The earthquake also taught me about the importance of (5) teamwork
【Integration】
【知识点】report
— reporter〔可数名词〕记者；通讯员
①〔可数名词〕报道；汇报；传闻
【常用结构】
（1）作报告make a report
（2）一篇关于……的报告a report on/about...
e.g.Mr Green will make a report on wild animals for us.
格林先生要为我们作一个关于野生动物的报告。
②〔动词〕报道；汇报；传闻
【常用结构】
（1）向某人报告某事report sth to sb
（2）据报道…….It is reported that...
e.g.If you see anything strange,report it to me.如果你看到任何奇怪的事情，就向我报告。
e.g.It is reported that there will be a heavy rain tomorrow.据报道，明天将有一场大雨。
【知识点】hit
— hit（过去式）
①〔动词〕袭击；攻击
e.g.In May a typhoon hit that country. 5月台风袭击了那个国家。
e.g.We hit the enemy when they least expected it.我们在敌人最意想不到的时候发动了进攻。
②〔及物动词〕撞击；(用手或器具)击；打；击中
e.g.The bus hit the bridge.公共汽车撞到了桥上。
e.g.The ball hit the window.那个球击中了窗户。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
I was walking in the street when a stone hit (hit) me on the head.
An apple fell (fall) from the tree and hit Newton’s head.
He made a big noise by hitting (hit) a pipe.
【知识点】avoid〔及物动词〕避免，防止
后面跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，不接动词不定式作宾语。
【常用结构】
避免做某事avoid doing sth
e.g.Try to avoid grammar mistakes.尽量避免语法错误。
e.g.You had better avoid making the same mistake.你最好避免犯同样的错误。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
You’d better avoid talking (talk) to strangers when you are alone in the park.
翻译句子
在电子地图的帮助下，你能够避免迷路。
With the help of digital maps, you can avoid getting lost.
【知识点】wound
— wounded adj.受伤的
①〔可数名词〕伤，伤口
e.g.The nurse cleaned the wound carefully.护士认真地清洗了伤口。
②〔及物动词〕使……受伤The hunter wounded a deer.猎人打伤了一只鹿。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
There were many wounded (wound) soldiers in the war.
2. After the match, Victor went to the local hospital to have the wound（s） (wound) dealt with.
【知识点】bleed〔不及物动词〕流血，失血
— bled （过去式）
【常用结构】
失血致死bleed to death
e.g.My hand and knee were bleeding.我的手和膝盖在流血。
拓展blood〔不可数名词〕血，血液
e.g.She lost a lot of blood in the accident.她在事故中流了很多血。
【练习】
所给词的适当形式填空
For our bodies, blood (bleed) is a fantastic store of heat.
2. The victim was wounded with a knife and bled (bleed) to death (die) as a result.
【知识点】press
①〔动词〕按，压
e.g.She pressed the keys on the piano gently.她轻轻地按钢琴键。
②〔名词〕挤压；推；按
e.g.He gave the bell another press他又按了一下铃。
【知识点】warn〔动词〕警告，告诫
①警告某人(不要)做某事warn sb(not)to do sth
e.g.He warned me to stay away from the deep lake.他告诚我远离深水湖。
e.g.We warned him not to play with fire.我们警告他不要玩火。
②警告某人某事；提醒某人注意某事warn sb of/about sth
e.g.The police warned the children of/about thedanger.警察提醒孩子们注意危险。
③警告/告诫某人不要做某事warn sb against doing sth
e.g.The doctor warned my father against smoking.医生告诫我父亲不要吸烟。
【补充】warning〔名词〕警示，警告
e.g. a warning message警告消息
a warning sign警示标志
【练习】
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. We warn students not to swim(not swim)in theriver every summer.It's dangerous.
【知识点】run away from从……·逃离；逃避 其后一般接名词。
e.g.My cat ran away from home last night.昨晚我的猫从家里跑了。
e.g.You can't run away from your problems forever.你不能永远逃避问题。
拓展stay/keep away from离开；不接近
e.g.Stay/Keep away from the fire!It's dangerous!别靠近火!很危险!

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