资源简介

(共14张PPT)
概要写作指导
How to write a summary writing
概要的定义和特征
02
定义：A summary is a short statement that gives only the main points of something，not the details
您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。
您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。
添加标题
您的内容打在这里，或者通过复制您的文本后，在此框中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。
添加标题
1) 概要写作是原版的简写
2) 概要写作必须使用读者自己的语言
3) 概要写作必须忠实于原版的意思;
4) 概要写作要能体现原版的主旨大意。中选择粘贴，并选择只保留文字。
添加标题
考纲要求
1、字数要求：60字。
如字数超6个（一行）以内（包括6个），在得分基础上扣1分；
如字数超6个以上，得分基础上扣2分。
2、如果有一处或一处以上连续5个单词与原文相同，在得分基础上扣1分。
各档次给分要求：
内容部分
A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。
B. 能准确概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏个别主要信息。
C. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。
D. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。
E. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息
语言部分
A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
B. 能用自己的语言较连贯、正确地表述，但有个别语言错误。
C. 基本能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。
D. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。
E. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
Step 1. 确定体裁，明确主题（审读标题、找首尾主题句）
Step 2. 明确文章结构 （总-分，总-分-总等）
Step 3. 梳理逻辑结构，圈划关键词
Step 4. 用自己的语言写纲要，打草稿
Step 5. 润色成文
写作步骤
明确文章结构
1. 热点评论：
problem
causes and effects
solutions or suggestions
2. 现象说明、事理阐释：
① 物品/事件
writing object
features and functions
comments or attitudes
prospects
② 现象
a phenomenon
reasons
comments or suggestions
提炼
要点
整合
保留关键句要点，按体裁和内容
删除细节，避免重复（删除具体例子，或归纳总结例子的过程、作用和结果）
词汇转换: 同义替换；词性转换；单词替换词块；正话反说/反话正说
语言 概括性的词汇/句子代替具体例子
句型转换: 语态转换（主动变被动）； 从句转介词短语、名词短语、非谓语
逻辑：衔接（照应、替代、省略、连接词衔接 ）
写作技巧
This perception makes it possible for scientists to modify memories in creative ways, which may help treat some diseases.
词汇转换
understanding → perception
（同近义替换）
innovative → creative
（同近义替换）
erase and replace → modify
（单词替换词块）
treatments of disorders → treat some diseases
（词性转换）
语态互换
Research shows that rivers collectively dump anywhere from a half to 3 million tons of plastic into the seas every year.
Tons of plastic is dumped into the seas annually.
Why is music a useful therapy Music is soothing and relaxing, but it also stimulates our brains. Emotionally and physically, we respond to the sounds of music.
Our brain can be stimulated by responding to music.
从句改短语
Although they made great progress in their research, there still existed a wide range of challenges.
It is impossible for the writer to elaborate the tales for his new novel because there are few related materials at hand.
According to the statistics, the cattle which are raised in this way are more likely to develop some diseases.
They had to face more challenges despite the breakthroughs they made.
The absence of the available material makes it impossible for the write to further develop his new novel.
Statistics show that cattle raised in this way are more likely to get sick.
Becoming an attractive employee
The 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it is especially important for those new to the workforce. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.
For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise in technology, marketing, and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask. Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant’s resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports or social club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning, along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments. Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around. In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: “What would be expected of me as an employee ” In today’s tough job market. young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.
2018年秋考真题
A 在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点
B 在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意一点的具体内容：
(1) They need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology.
(2) They should include in their résumés the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented.
(3) They need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.
C 必须包含主题句及涵盖三个要点（可以不展开）主题句需表达的意思：How can young people attract their future employers 或 How do young job seekers strategize the approach to job application 三个要点：information technology skills, experience, attitude
D 1. 只提到三个要点，但没有主题句 2. 有主题句，但三个要点中只提到两个
E 1. 只提到一个或两个要点，但没有主题句 2. 有主题句，但三个要点中只提到一个
内容评分标准——主旨大意+主要信息
语言评分标准——是否达意正确+是否用自己的语言
1. 61-66个词，扣1分；超过66词，扣2分
2. 连续5个单词抄自原文，扣1分，不重复扣分。
3. 有语法错误，扣1分，不重复扣分。
4. 语言以准确为标准，不要求句式复杂，词汇丰富。若语言出色，有轻微语法错误不扣分。
参考答案:
How can young people attract their future employers First, they need to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in information technology. Second, they should include in their resume the experiences that reflect they are cooperative and goal-oriented. Finally they need to adopt a proper attitude, that is, taking future employers’ expectations into consideration.
Benefits of curiosity
Conclusion
Threats towards curiosity
Topic sentence ①
①
②
Topic sentence ②
①
②
③
① decide student’s academic performance
② can lead to new scientific discoveries
Technology is threating curiosity.
① discourage deep thinking
② prevent people knowing each other further
③ expose us to too much similarity rather than varieties
rely less on technology
Curiosity determines students’ academic performance and can lead to new scientific discoveries. However, technology seriously endangers curiosity. It prevents people from thinking deeply and engaging with each other further. Worst of all, it keeps feeding us what it thinks we like instead of exposing us to new ideas. Therefore, to develop curiosity, we need to be more dependent of technology. (61 words)
记叙文
篇章文体
评分标准 我的概要达标了吗？
Yes No
包含全部要点
包含重要细节
避免自我观点
恰当运用连词
词数限定60次左右
1. Does the summary include the main points
2. Are words or sentences copied or your own words
3. Are there any ideas outside the passage
4. Are transitional words used to make writing coherent
5. Are all the sentences, spelling, and punctuation marks correct
Checklist

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