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专题一 填空题突破 INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础巩固]
1．(2025·萍乡二模)口琴因其小巧的体积被称为“口袋里的钢琴”，吹奏时，它是由内部的金属簧片________发声的，我们能区分口琴与其他乐器的声音是根据声音的________不同．
答案：振动　音色
2．(2025·景德镇二模)如图所示，是春晚节目《只此青绿》临水起舞，用舞蹈语言复活了国宝级文物《千里江山图》．舞台上的“白气”是________(选填“小水珠”或“水蒸气”)，舞者弯腰靠近舞台，倒影身形大小________(选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”).
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：小水珠　不变
3．(2025·南昌县城区一模)2024年11月4日，神舟十八号返回舱进入大气层，与大气摩擦产生高温，并形成“火球”进入黑障区，如图所示．形成“火球”时，通过________的方式改变了返回舱的内能，该过程中的能量转化情况与四冲程汽油机的________冲程相同．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：做功　压缩
4．成语“以卵击石”比喻不自量力，自取灭亡．在“卵”和“石”撞击时，“卵”对“石”的作用力________(选填“大于”“等于”或“小于”)“石”对“卵”的作用力，其中，“石”对“卵”的作用力中施力物体是________．
答案：等于　石
5．小章同学想设计一款地板钢琴，当有人在上面蹦跳时，对应琴键会发出声音并伴有彩光，琴键内部结构如图所示．踩踏琴键，固定在琴键下方的磁铁做往复运动，使弹簧线圈做________运动，从而产生________，用电器工作．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：切割磁感线　感应电流
6．如图所示，表示的是两个不同种类的物质在摩擦时，原子之间电荷转移情况的示意图，这是由于B物体原子核束缚核外电子的本领比A强导致的，则________(选填“A”或“B”)物体带正电，此过程________(选填“得到”或“失去”)电子．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：A　失去
7．如图所示电路，开关闭合后，灯不发光；用测电笔(试电笔)接触a、b两处，氖管发光；接触c、d两处，氖管不发光．则家庭电路故障可能是________(选填“ab”“bc”或“cd”)间断路．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：bc
8．拔火罐是以罐为工具，利用燃烧、抽吸等方式产生负压吸附于皮肤表面的一种中医治疗性操作，这说明了________的存在．如图所示，某次拔罐中，某罐内外气压差为1×104Pa，罐底面积为10 cm2，则人体皮肤对该罐的支持力为________N．(不计罐的质量和厚度，将罐看作一个圆柱体)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：大气压　10
9．如图所示，一滑轮下端悬吊一个重50 N的物体，在拉力F的作用下使物体在2 s内上升了2 m，若不计滑轮、绳的重力和摩擦，动滑轮上升的速度是v＝________m/s，拉力F所做的功W＝________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：0.5　100
10．(2025·景德镇二模)某校庆五一举行了“劳动使我快乐”的主题活动，很多同学在“下厨房”的过程中体会到了劳动的乐趣．如图所示，使用碗夹提蒸笼中的碗时，碗夹是一个________杠杆，闻到玉米排骨汤的香味，是因为_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：费力　分子在不停地做无规则运动
11．如图甲所示的是电阻R和灯泡L的两端电压随电流变化的U－I图像，现将电阻R与灯泡L按照如图乙所示的方式连接，则当通过灯泡的电流为0.4 A时，电源电压U为________V，此时电路的总功率为________W.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
答案：3　1.2
12．养生壶是一种用于煮水煮茶的小型家电．小章在壶中装入质量为1 kg的水，将其接入家庭电路中并且断掉其余所有用电器，通电加热3 min，观察到该过程中水温从20 ℃上升到70 ℃，电能表表盘转动了60圈，已知水的比热容为4.2×103J/(kg·℃)，则水吸收的热量为________J，该养生壶的加热效率为________(结果保留一位小数).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：2.1×105　58.3%
[全国视野]
1．(2025·云南)骨哨是世界上最古老的乐器之一．古人用它能模仿鹿的声音，表明它的声音与鹿发出声音的________相似．图中骨哨的长度为________cm.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：音色　6.40
2．(2024·天津)在“航天日”主题活动中，小明用塑料瓶自制了“水火箭”(如图所示).发射时，“水火箭”向下喷水从而获得升空的动力，利用了物体间力的作用是________的；“水火箭”飞出后，瓶内气体温度降低，内能________(选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：相互　减小
3．(2024·甘肃临夏)北京时间2024年5月10日23时起发生地磁暴，最大级别达到超大地磁暴(Kp＝9)水平．受超强地磁暴影响，全球多地在5月10日至12日出现绚烂的极光．极光的产生与地球的________有密切关系．地磁暴活动还会对电子设备(如手机、电视)等产生影响，这些电子设备是依靠________来传递信息的．
答案：磁场　电磁波
4．(2024·江苏扬州)如图所示，夜晚，小华通过可左右推拉的竖直窗户玻璃观察发光吊灯的像和自己的像．增大吊灯的亮度，观察到吊灯的像更________．小华靠近玻璃窗观察，她像的大小________，她与像之间的距离________．向右推动玻璃窗，吊灯像的位置________．(本题后3空填变化情况)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：清晰　不变　变小　不变
5．(2025·江苏扬州)某款人形机器人参加半程马拉松比赛，安装在腹部的摄像头相当于一个________透镜，远处的物体成倒立、________的实像．该机器人跑步由电动机驱动，电动机的工作原理是磁场对________有力的作用．以并肩运动的陪跑员为参照物，机器人是________的．机器人跑完21 km路程用时约为2 h 40 min，平均速度约为________km/h.(计算结果保留整数)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：凸　缩小　通电导体　静止　8
6．(2024·江苏扬州)拖拉机轮胎表面刻有花纹，是通过增大________________来增大摩擦．选用水来冷却拖拉机的发动机，是因为水的比热容________(选填“大”或“小”)，如果水箱装有质量为20 kg的水，水温从20 ℃上升到70 ℃，水吸收了________J的热量．[c水＝4.2×103J/(kg·℃)]
答案：接触面粗糙程度　大　4.2×106
7．(2024·湖北武汉)如图所示的是一种温度自动控制装置的原理图．制作水银温度计时在玻璃管中封入一段金属丝，“电源1”的两极分别与水银和金属丝相连．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)闭合开关S后，当温度达到________℃时，发热电阻就停止加热．
(2)当电磁铁中有电流通过时，若它的左端为N极，则“电源1”的________端为正极．
(3)为增强电磁铁的磁性，下列措施一定可行的是________(填序号).
①增大“电源1”的电压
②减小“电源2”的电压
③减少电磁铁线圈匝数
④改变电磁铁中电流方向
答案：(1)90　(2)右　(3)①
8．(2024·甘肃白银)用如图所示的扳手拧螺丝时，一只手稳住扳手的十字交叉部位，另一只手用同样大小和方向的力在________(选填“A”“B”或“C”)点更容易拧动螺丝，原因是______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：C　在阻力和阻力臂一定时，动力臂越长越省力
9．(2024·四川遂宁)芳芳学习了密度知识后，在实验室对一块从涪江边捡回的鹅卵石进行密度测量，他先用天平测量鹅卵石的质量，当天平平衡时，游码位置及右盘中的砝码如图甲所示，鹅卵石的质量为________g，然后用量筒测鹅卵石的体积如图乙所示，鹅卵石的体积为________cm3，则鹅卵石的密度为________g/cm3.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
答案：44　20　2.2
10．(2024·江苏扬州)扬州中国大运河博物馆展示了各种古代船只模型．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)资料显示：“丝网船”最大载重为5 t．若船和货物总质量为6×103kg，船静止在水中时所受浮力为__________N，排开水的体积为__________m3.(g取10 N/kg)
(2)资料显示：“沙飞船”航速迅捷．同向并排行驶的两条“沙飞船”要保持安全距离，是因为两船较近时，中间流速大，流体压强________．
(3)如图所示，游客站在静止的仿制“沙飞船”的船头，能从各个方向观看到投影画面，这是因为光在投影幕上发生了________．投影画面向后移动，游客会产生船向前行的感觉，是由于运动具有________．
答案：(1)6×104　6　(2)较小　(3)漫反射　相对性
11．(2025·新疆)在绿色照明、智慧照明理念的倡导下，LED灯具正在快速普及．
(1)LED主要是由________(选填“导体”或“半导体”)材料制成的．与白炽灯相比，LED灯工作时消耗的电能绝大部分转化为光能，极少部分转化为内能，所以LED光源又称为________(选填“冷”或“热”)光源．当人体靠近楼道内的智能LED体感灯时，人体辐射的________(选填“紫外线”或“红外线”)会被体感灯感应到，从而灯会变亮；当人远离灯到一定距离时，灯又会熄灭．
(2)某型号吸顶灯经过灯内调制电路将家庭电路的电压变为60 V的直流电压，吸顶灯内有4个灯条贴片，每个灯条贴片由20个相同的LED灯珠串联组成，4个灯条贴片并联在60 V的电压两端．开关闭合后，所有LED灯珠均能正常发光，则每个LED灯珠的额定电压为________V．已知每个LED灯珠的额定电流为0.15 A，则该吸顶灯的总电流为________A．吸顶灯正常工作时，若突然有一个LED灯珠发生了断路故障，则吸顶灯的功率变为________W.
答案：(1)半导体　冷　红外线
(2)3　0.6　27
12．(2024·四川广安)如图所示，电源电压恒定不变，甲、乙为两只相同的电表．当开关S1闭合、S2断开时，甲、乙两电表示数之比为5∶3，则两电表均为________(选填“电压表”或“电流表”).一段时间后，电阻R1产生的热量为Q1；现同时更换两电表种类，并调整开关状态，使两电表均有正常示数，经过相同的时间，电阻R1产生的热量为Q2，则Q1∶Q2为________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：电流表　25∶9专题一 填空题突破 INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础巩固]
1．(2025·萍乡二模)口琴因其小巧的体积被称为“口袋里的钢琴”，吹奏时，它是由内部的金属簧片________发声的，我们能区分口琴与其他乐器的声音是根据声音的________不同．
2．(2025·景德镇二模)如图所示，是春晚节目《只此青绿》临水起舞，用舞蹈语言复活了国宝级文物《千里江山图》．舞台上的“白气”是________(选填“小水珠”或“水蒸气”)，舞者弯腰靠近舞台，倒影身形大小________(选填“变大”“变小”或“不变”).
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-279.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
3．(2025·南昌县城区一模)2024年11月4日，神舟十八号返回舱进入大气层，与大气摩擦产生高温，并形成“火球”进入黑障区，如图所示．形成“火球”时，通过________的方式改变了返回舱的内能，该过程中的能量转化情况与四冲程汽油机的________冲程相同．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-280.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
4．成语“以卵击石”比喻不自量力，自取灭亡．在“卵”和“石”撞击时，“卵”对“石”的作用力________(选填“大于”“等于”或“小于”)“石”对“卵”的作用力，其中，“石”对“卵”的作用力中施力物体是________．
5．小章同学想设计一款地板钢琴，当有人在上面蹦跳时，对应琴键会发出声音并伴有彩光，琴键内部结构如图所示．踩踏琴键，固定在琴键下方的磁铁做往复运动，使弹簧线圈做________运动，从而产生________，用电器工作．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-497.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
6．如图所示，表示的是两个不同种类的物质在摩擦时，原子之间电荷转移情况的示意图，这是由于B物体原子核束缚核外电子的本领比A强导致的，则________(选填“A”或“B”)物体带正电，此过程________(选填“得到”或“失去”)电子．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-491.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
7．如图所示电路，开关闭合后，灯不发光；用测电笔(试电笔)接触a、b两处，氖管发光；接触c、d两处，氖管不发光．则家庭电路故障可能是________(选填“ab”“bc”或“cd”)间断路．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-496.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
8．拔火罐是以罐为工具，利用燃烧、抽吸等方式产生负压吸附于皮肤表面的一种中医治疗性操作，这说明了________的存在．如图所示，某次拔罐中，某罐内外气压差为1×104Pa，罐底面积为10 cm2，则人体皮肤对该罐的支持力为________N．(不计罐的质量和厚度，将罐看作一个圆柱体)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-488.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
9．如图所示，一滑轮下端悬吊一个重50 N的物体，在拉力F的作用下使物体在2 s内上升了2 m，若不计滑轮、绳的重力和摩擦，动滑轮上升的速度是v＝________m/s，拉力F所做的功W＝________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-489.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
10．(2025·景德镇二模)某校庆五一举行了“劳动使我快乐”的主题活动，很多同学在“下厨房”的过程中体会到了劳动的乐趣．如图所示，使用碗夹提蒸笼中的碗时，碗夹是一个________杠杆，闻到玉米排骨汤的香味，是因为_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-281.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
11．如图甲所示的是电阻R和灯泡L的两端电压随电流变化的U－I图像，现将电阻R与灯泡L按照如图乙所示的方式连接，则当通过灯泡的电流为0.4 A时，电源电压U为________V，此时电路的总功率为________W.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-492.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-493.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
12．养生壶是一种用于煮水煮茶的小型家电．小章在壶中装入质量为1 kg的水，将其接入家庭电路中并且断掉其余所有用电器，通电加热3 min，观察到该过程中水温从20 ℃上升到70 ℃，电能表表盘转动了60圈，已知水的比热容为4.2×103J/(kg·℃)，则水吸收的热量为________J，该养生壶的加热效率为________(结果保留一位小数).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-495.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[全国视野]
1．(2025·云南)骨哨是世界上最古老的乐器之一．古人用它能模仿鹿的声音，表明它的声音与鹿发出声音的________相似．图中骨哨的长度为________cm.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-282.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
2．(2024·天津)在“航天日”主题活动中，小明用塑料瓶自制了“水火箭”(如图所示).发射时，“水火箭”向下喷水从而获得升空的动力，利用了物体间力的作用是________的；“水火箭”飞出后，瓶内气体温度降低，内能________(选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-501.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
3．(2024·甘肃临夏)北京时间2024年5月10日23时起发生地磁暴，最大级别达到超大地磁暴(Kp＝9)水平．受超强地磁暴影响，全球多地在5月10日至12日出现绚烂的极光．极光的产生与地球的________有密切关系．地磁暴活动还会对电子设备(如手机、电视)等产生影响，这些电子设备是依靠________来传递信息的．
4．(2024·江苏扬州)如图所示，夜晚，小华通过可左右推拉的竖直窗户玻璃观察发光吊灯的像和自己的像．增大吊灯的亮度，观察到吊灯的像更________．小华靠近玻璃窗观察，她像的大小________，她与像之间的距离________．向右推动玻璃窗，吊灯像的位置________．(本题后3空填变化情况)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-498.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
5．(2025·江苏扬州)某款人形机器人参加半程马拉松比赛，安装在腹部的摄像头相当于一个________透镜，远处的物体成倒立、________的实像．该机器人跑步由电动机驱动，电动机的工作原理是磁场对________有力的作用．以并肩运动的陪跑员为参照物，机器人是________的．机器人跑完21 km路程用时约为2 h 40 min，平均速度约为________km/h.(计算结果保留整数)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-283.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
6．(2024·江苏扬州)拖拉机轮胎表面刻有花纹，是通过增大________________来增大摩擦．选用水来冷却拖拉机的发动机，是因为水的比热容________(选填“大”或“小”)，如果水箱装有质量为20 kg的水，水温从20 ℃上升到70 ℃，水吸收了________J的热量．[c水＝4.2×103J/(kg·℃)]
7．(2024·湖北武汉)如图所示的是一种温度自动控制装置的原理图．制作水银温度计时在玻璃管中封入一段金属丝，“电源1”的两极分别与水银和金属丝相连．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-513.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)闭合开关S后，当温度达到________℃时，发热电阻就停止加热．
(2)当电磁铁中有电流通过时，若它的左端为N极，则“电源1”的________端为正极．
(3)为增强电磁铁的磁性，下列措施一定可行的是________(填序号).
①增大“电源1”的电压
②减小“电源2”的电压
③减少电磁铁线圈匝数
④改变电磁铁中电流方向
8．(2024·甘肃白银)用如图所示的扳手拧螺丝时，一只手稳住扳手的十字交叉部位，另一只手用同样大小和方向的力在________(选填“A”“B”或“C”)点更容易拧动螺丝，原因是______________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-508.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
9．(2024·四川遂宁)芳芳学习了密度知识后，在实验室对一块从涪江边捡回的鹅卵石进行密度测量，他先用天平测量鹅卵石的质量，当天平平衡时，游码位置及右盘中的砝码如图甲所示，鹅卵石的质量为________g，然后用量筒测鹅卵石的体积如图乙所示，鹅卵石的体积为________cm3，则鹅卵石的密度为________g/cm3.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-503.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-504.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
10．(2024·江苏扬州)扬州中国大运河博物馆展示了各种古代船只模型．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-502.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)资料显示：“丝网船”最大载重为5 t．若船和货物总质量为6×103kg，船静止在水中时所受浮力为__________N，排开水的体积为__________m3.(g取10 N/kg)
(2)资料显示：“沙飞船”航速迅捷．同向并排行驶的两条“沙飞船”要保持安全距离，是因为两船较近时，中间流速大，流体压强________．
(3)如图所示，游客站在静止的仿制“沙飞船”的船头，能从各个方向观看到投影画面，这是因为光在投影幕上发生了________．投影画面向后移动，游客会产生船向前行的感觉，是由于运动具有________．
11．(2025·新疆)在绿色照明、智慧照明理念的倡导下，LED灯具正在快速普及．
(1)LED主要是由________(选填“导体”或“半导体”)材料制成的．与白炽灯相比，LED灯工作时消耗的电能绝大部分转化为光能，极少部分转化为内能，所以LED光源又称为________(选填“冷”或“热”)光源．当人体靠近楼道内的智能LED体感灯时，人体辐射的________(选填“紫外线”或“红外线”)会被体感灯感应到，从而灯会变亮；当人远离灯到一定距离时，灯又会熄灭．
(2)某型号吸顶灯经过灯内调制电路将家庭电路的电压变为60 V的直流电压，吸顶灯内有4个灯条贴片，每个灯条贴片由20个相同的LED灯珠串联组成，4个灯条贴片并联在60 V的电压两端．开关闭合后，所有LED灯珠均能正常发光，则每个LED灯珠的额定电压为________V．已知每个LED灯珠的额定电流为0.15 A，则该吸顶灯的总电流为________A．吸顶灯正常工作时，若突然有一个LED灯珠发生了断路故障，则吸顶灯的功率变为________W.
12．(2024·四川广安)如图所示，电源电压恒定不变，甲、乙为两只相同的电表．当开关S1闭合、S2断开时，甲、乙两电表示数之比为5∶3，则两电表均为________(选填“电压表”或“电流表”).一段时间后，电阻R1产生的热量为Q1；现同时更换两电表种类，并调整开关状态，使两电表均有正常示数，经过相同的时间，电阻R1产生的热量为Q2，则Q1∶Q2为________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-512.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT

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