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INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．回忆法：对于一些主要考查基本概念和规律的理解和掌握程度的题目，根据熟记的物理知识，直接填出正确答案．
2．观察法：物理意义明显地紧扣物理定理和规律的填空题或一些技巧性的填空题，通过观察思考可以确定正确的答案．
3．计算法：根据物理公式进行计算，然后将计算结果填出．
4．分析法：根据题目所给出的结论和要求，通过分析来确定正确的答案．
5．对比法：通过比较两个现象间的共同点和不同点，找出相应关系得出结论．
6．比例法：根据物理规律，找出物理量之间的关系，采用比例的方法解题．
7．图像法：根据题意作图，利用物理图像找出正确答案．
8．估算法：根据题目要求，选择有关的常量或近似量，然后进行合理的估算．
INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．(2025·四川南充)象群迁移时的情景如图，它们之间是利用________声波交流，这是利用声音传递________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：次　信息
2．(2024·天津)“一滴独流醋，十里运河香”，醋香四溢属于________现象；“日照海河景，水映彩虹桥”，桥在水中的倒影是由于光的________形成的．
答案：扩散　反射
3．(2025·陕西)“笔、墨、纸、砚”合称文房四宝．大诗人李白是这样写砚台的：“一方在手转乾坤，清风紫毫酒一樽”．如图，在研磨的过程中，手用力下压墨条，是通过增大________来增大摩擦力的．当墨条向左运动时，受到向________的摩擦力．空气中弥漫着墨香味，这是扩散现象，其本质原因是分子在永不停息地做______________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：压力　右　无规则运动
4．(2024·云南)我国古代《论衡》有关于用布摩擦过的琥珀能吸引干草屑和司南能指南北的记载．说明用布摩擦过的琥珀带了电荷，其本质是________(选填“电荷的转移”或“创造了电荷”)；司南能指南北是因为地球周围存在________．
答案：电荷的转移　地磁场
5．(2024·江苏盐城)“五一”假期，小红和同学到公园游玩．她看到的花是红色的，是因为红花反射了________光；水鸟离开水面，向空中飞去，在水中像的大小________，像离水面的距离________；小红用相机拍下眼前这美丽的景色，是因为照相机的镜头相当于一个________透镜．
答案：红　不变　变大　凸
6．(2025·新疆)2025年4月24日，神舟二十号飞船与中国空间站核心舱成功完成对接．
(1)神舟二十号飞船和中国空间站核心舱对接成一个整体后，以神舟二十号飞船为参照物，中国空间站核心舱是________(选填“运动”或“静止”)的；空间站绕地球做匀速圆周运动的过程中，空间站________(选填“具有”或“没有”)惯性，地球对空间站的万有引力改变了空间站运行的________(选填“快慢”或“方向”).
(2)航天员在空间站核心舱内面对面交流时，声音通常是通过________(选填“空气”或“电磁波”)传播的．航天员所穿航天服的手掌部分有橡胶颗粒，其目的是________(选填“增大”或“减小”)抓取物体时的摩擦．中国空间站用霍尔发动机来微调飞行姿态，已知每台霍尔发动机产生的推力为0.08 N，空间站运行的速度为7.7 km/s，当霍尔发动机产生的推力方向与空间站运行的方向相同时，每台霍尔发动机推力的功率为________W.
答案：(1)静止　具有　方向　(2)空气　增大　616
7．(2025·安徽)小张同学利用如图所示的实验装置测量煤油的比热容．实验中，在一段时间内电阻丝产生400 J的热量，质量为0.04 kg的煤油温度升高了5 ℃，若电阻丝产生的热量全部被煤油吸收，则煤油的比热容为________J/(kg·℃).
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：2×103
8．(2025·安徽)图甲是自行车的手闸，将其OAB部分简化为如图乙所示的杠杆，忽略杠杆自身的重力，当杠杆平衡时，施加在B点的动力F1＝15 N，测得l1＝12 cm，l2＝4 cm，则阻力F2＝________N.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
答案：45
9．(2025·四川德阳)2024年12月26日，我国首架第六代战斗机试飞成功，若它以2倍声速(v声＝340 m/s)匀速直线飞行10 s，则它通过的路程为________m．我国自主研发生产出了世界上最薄的“手撕钢”，被誉为“钢铁行业皇冠上的明珠”，其厚度只有1.5×10－3 cm，密度为7.9 g/cm3，则面积大小为2×103 cm2的“手撕钢”的质量为________g.
答案：6 800　23.7
10．(2024·甘肃临夏)科技兴趣小组利用盛有水的烧杯和A、B两根吸管组成如图所示的实验装置，用于证明流体压强和流速的关系．沿着B管水平吹气，观察到A管液面________(选填“上升”或“下降”)，说明了___________________________________________________________________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：上升　流体中，流速越大的位置压强越小
11．(2024·内蒙古赤峰)在课外实践性作业中，某同学探究了一定浓度的盐水凝固时温度的变化规律，根据实验数据画出了盐水的凝固图像(如图所示)，该盐水的凝固点是________℃，凝固过程经历________min，凝固过程中盐水的内能________(选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：－6　5　减小
12．(2024·甘肃临夏)眼睛是人类心灵的窗户，眼球好像一架照相机，晶状体和角膜的共同作用相当于凸透镜．下图是科技兴趣小组的同学利用注射器和水膜模拟眼睛看物体的情境．光屏相当于视网膜，这时光屏上呈现倒立缩小的________(选填“实像”或“虚像”).为了模拟正常人眼看近处物体，注射器应________(选填“推入”或“抽出”)水．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：实像　推入
13．(2024·黑龙江绥化)感冒发烧时可用冷毛巾给头部降温，是利用________的方式改变内能．一台某型号四冲程汽油机飞轮转速是1 800 r/min，该汽油机工作时每秒对外做功________次．
答案：热传递　15
14．(2024·四川遂宁)芳芳用如图所示的装置进行实验探究(不计弹簧测力计的重力)：当水平向左的拉力F＝10 N时，物体B水平向左匀速运动(B足够长)，弹簧测力计示数为4 N且保持不变，此时物体A受到的摩擦力大小为________N，物体B对地面的摩擦力大小为________N.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：4　6
15．(2025·四川乐山)如图所示，在斜面上将一个重10 N的物体匀速拉到高处，沿斜面向上的拉力F＝6 N，斜面长s＝0.6 m、高h＝0.3 m，则拉力所做的功为________J；把重物直接提升h所做的功作为有用功，忽略弹簧测力计的重力和空气阻力，则斜面对物体的摩擦力为________N.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：3.6　1
16．(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)如图所示，甲、乙两个质量、底面积都相等的容器，底面粗糙程度相同，静止在粗糙程度均匀的水平桌面上，装有同种液体，液面相平．甲、乙两容器内液体对容器底的压力分别为F1、F2，则F1________F2；用沿水平方向的力F3、F4分别缓慢推动甲、乙两容器在桌面上做匀速直线运动，且容器未倾斜时，则F3________F4.(两空均选填“<”“＝”或“>”)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：＝　＞
17．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)小叶同学利用如图所示的电能表测量电热水器消耗的电能，将电热水器单独连接在电路中，观察到电能表上的铝盘1 min转了60转，电热水器消耗的电能是________kW·h，如果这些能量由天然气来提供，需要完全燃烧________m3的天然气. (q天然气＝4.0×107J/m3)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
解析：电能表盘中的3 000 r/(kW·h)表示电路中每消耗1 kW·h的电能，电能表的转盘转3 000 r，则转60 r实际消耗的电能W＝＝0.02 kW·h＝0.02×3.6×106J＝7.2×104J；由Q＝qV得，这些能量若由天然气提供，需要完全燃烧的天然气的体积V＝＝＝＝1.8×10－3m3.
答案：0.02　1.8×10－3
18．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)下图是“探究通电导体产生的热量与________大小关系”的实验装置．通过左侧容器中电阻丝的电流为0.4 A，在1 min内电流通过右侧容器中电阻丝产生的热量为________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：电流　12
19．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)如图所示，是一位同学组装的提升重物的装置．他用400 N的力在30 s内把重1 000 N的物体匀速提升6 m(不计绳重及摩擦)，则动滑轮的重力为________N，滑轮组的机械效率为________(保留一位小数).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：200　83.3%
20．(2025·四川凉山)随着新能源电动汽车销量增长，充电桩的安装率不断提高．据了解，充电桩输出电压的范围是300～600 V，峰值功率高达500 kW.如图所示，充电站内各充电桩是________(选填“串联”或“并联”)的；利用充电桩给汽车电池充电的过程中，汽车电池相当于电路中的________；充电桩外壳常采用铝合金材料，为避免触电，外壳需连接________线；若充电桩起火，________用水灭火．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：并联　用电器　地　不能
21．(2024·四川南充)如图所示电路，若甲、乙两表为图中电流表，闭合开关S1，断开开关S2，两表指针位置相同，则R1∶R2＝________；若甲、乙两表为图中电压表，闭合开关S1、S2，则两表示数之比是________(电表每次测量均未超过量程).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT 　 INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT 　 INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：4∶1　5∶4
22．(2024·黑龙江绥化)下图是家庭电路的电能表，该电能表允许接入用电器的最大总功率是________W；表盘上的某个参数模糊不清，为测得这个参数，仅将额定功率为1 200 W的空调接入电路，正常工作1 min电能表转盘转了60转，计算可知该参数为________r/(kW·h).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：8 800　3 000
23．(2024·内蒙古赤峰)电饭煲是常用的家用电器，它是利用电流的________效应工作的．某品牌电饭煲有“加热”和“保温”两挡功能，简化电路如图所示，R1＝242 Ω，R2＝60.5 Ω.当该电饭煲处于“加热”挡工作10 min，其消耗的电能是________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：热　6×105
24．(2024·江苏扬州)图甲是家庭电路示意图，插座与灯泡的连接方式是________联．闭合开关后，灯泡不亮，测电笔分别插入插座的三个孔中都不发光，则电路故障是________断路．家用电能表如图乙所示，能接入电路中用电器的最大总功率为________W．若家中仅有电饭锅工作，5 min内电能表指示灯闪烁了300次，电饭锅在这段时间内产生的热量是________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
答案：并　火线　8 800　3.6×105
25．(2024·黑龙江绥化)如图所示，一长方体物块漂浮在水面上时，物块露出水面的体积是总体积的，当它漂浮在另一液面上时，浸入液体的体积是总体积的.水和液体对物块下表面的压强分别为p1和p2，则p1________p2(选填“>”“＝”或“<”).杯中液体的密度是________kg/m3.(物块质量分布均匀，且不吸水和另一液体)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
答案：＝　1.2×103
26．(2025·江苏苏州)下图是控制车辆进出的电动闸门设计图，抬杆AB质量分布均匀，长度为3 m，重为20 N，在最右端B点处悬挂一重为25 N的铁柱，B点到支点O的距离为0.6 m．开关S闭合后，调节滑动变阻器使抬杆AB处于水平静止状态．(忽略支点O处的摩擦)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)电磁铁上端为________(选填“N”或“S”)极；
(2)此时电磁铁对铁柱的吸引力为________N；
(3)要使抬杆A端从图示位置向上抬起，滑动变阻器的滑片P应向________端移动．
答案：(1)S　(2)5　(3)上INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "第二编S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "专题一S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "方法指导S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．回忆法：对于一些主要考查基本概念和规律的理解和掌握程度的题目，根据熟记的物理知识，直接填出正确答案．
2．观察法：物理意义明显地紧扣物理定理和规律的填空题或一些技巧性的填空题，通过观察思考可以确定正确的答案．
3．计算法：根据物理公式进行计算，然后将计算结果填出．
4．分析法：根据题目所给出的结论和要求，通过分析来确定正确的答案．
5．对比法：通过比较两个现象间的共同点和不同点，找出相应关系得出结论．
6．比例法：根据物理规律，找出物理量之间的关系，采用比例的方法解题．
7．图像法：根据题意作图，利用物理图像找出正确答案．
8．估算法：根据题目要求，选择有关的常量或近似量，然后进行合理的估算．
INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "针对训练S.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
1．(2025·四川南充)象群迁移时的情景如图，它们之间是利用________声波交流，这是利用声音传递________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-160.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
2．(2024·天津)“一滴独流醋，十里运河香”，醋香四溢属于________现象；“日照海河景，水映彩虹桥”，桥在水中的倒影是由于光的________形成的．
3．(2025·陕西)“笔、墨、纸、砚”合称文房四宝．大诗人李白是这样写砚台的：“一方在手转乾坤，清风紫毫酒一樽”．如图，在研磨的过程中，手用力下压墨条，是通过增大________来增大摩擦力的．当墨条向左运动时，受到向________的摩擦力．空气中弥漫着墨香味，这是扩散现象，其本质原因是分子在永不停息地做______________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-161.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
4．(2024·云南)我国古代《论衡》有关于用布摩擦过的琥珀能吸引干草屑和司南能指南北的记载．说明用布摩擦过的琥珀带了电荷，其本质是________(选填“电荷的转移”或“创造了电荷”)；司南能指南北是因为地球周围存在________．
5．(2024·江苏盐城)“五一”假期，小红和同学到公园游玩．她看到的花是红色的，是因为红花反射了________光；水鸟离开水面，向空中飞去，在水中像的大小________，像离水面的距离________；小红用相机拍下眼前这美丽的景色，是因为照相机的镜头相当于一个________透镜．
6．(2025·新疆)2025年4月24日，神舟二十号飞船与中国空间站核心舱成功完成对接．
(1)神舟二十号飞船和中国空间站核心舱对接成一个整体后，以神舟二十号飞船为参照物，中国空间站核心舱是________(选填“运动”或“静止”)的；空间站绕地球做匀速圆周运动的过程中，空间站________(选填“具有”或“没有”)惯性，地球对空间站的万有引力改变了空间站运行的________(选填“快慢”或“方向”).
(2)航天员在空间站核心舱内面对面交流时，声音通常是通过________(选填“空气”或“电磁波”)传播的．航天员所穿航天服的手掌部分有橡胶颗粒，其目的是________(选填“增大”或“减小”)抓取物体时的摩擦．中国空间站用霍尔发动机来微调飞行姿态，已知每台霍尔发动机产生的推力为0.08 N，空间站运行的速度为7.7 km/s，当霍尔发动机产生的推力方向与空间站运行的方向相同时，每台霍尔发动机推力的功率为________W.
7．(2025·安徽)小张同学利用如图所示的实验装置测量煤油的比热容．实验中，在一段时间内电阻丝产生400 J的热量，质量为0.04 kg的煤油温度升高了5 ℃，若电阻丝产生的热量全部被煤油吸收，则煤油的比热容为________J/(kg·℃).
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-162.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
8．(2025·安徽)图甲是自行车的手闸，将其OAB部分简化为如图乙所示的杠杆，忽略杠杆自身的重力，当杠杆平衡时，施加在B点的动力F1＝15 N，测得l1＝12 cm，l2＝4 cm，则阻力F2＝________N.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-163A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
9．(2025·四川德阳)2024年12月26日，我国首架第六代战斗机试飞成功，若它以2倍声速(v声＝340 m/s)匀速直线飞行10 s，则它通过的路程为________m．我国自主研发生产出了世界上最薄的“手撕钢”，被誉为“钢铁行业皇冠上的明珠”，其厚度只有1.5×10－3 cm，密度为7.9 g/cm3，则面积大小为2×103 cm2的“手撕钢”的质量为________g.
10．(2024·甘肃临夏)科技兴趣小组利用盛有水的烧杯和A、B两根吸管组成如图所示的实验装置，用于证明流体压强和流速的关系．沿着B管水平吹气，观察到A管液面________(选填“上升”或“下降”)，说明了___________________________________________________________________．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-804.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
11．(2024·内蒙古赤峰)在课外实践性作业中，某同学探究了一定浓度的盐水凝固时温度的变化规律，根据实验数据画出了盐水的凝固图像(如图所示)，该盐水的凝固点是________℃，凝固过程经历________min，凝固过程中盐水的内能________(选填“增大”“减小”或“不变”).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-797.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
12．(2024·甘肃临夏)眼睛是人类心灵的窗户，眼球好像一架照相机，晶状体和角膜的共同作用相当于凸透镜．下图是科技兴趣小组的同学利用注射器和水膜模拟眼睛看物体的情境．光屏相当于视网膜，这时光屏上呈现倒立缩小的________(选填“实像”或“虚像”).为了模拟正常人眼看近处物体，注射器应________(选填“推入”或“抽出”)水．
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-795.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
13．(2024·黑龙江绥化)感冒发烧时可用冷毛巾给头部降温，是利用________的方式改变内能．一台某型号四冲程汽油机飞轮转速是1 800 r/min，该汽油机工作时每秒对外做功________次．
14．(2024·四川遂宁)芳芳用如图所示的装置进行实验探究(不计弹簧测力计的重力)：当水平向左的拉力F＝10 N时，物体B水平向左匀速运动(B足够长)，弹簧测力计示数为4 N且保持不变，此时物体A受到的摩擦力大小为________N，物体B对地面的摩擦力大小为________N.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-803.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
15．(2025·四川乐山)如图所示，在斜面上将一个重10 N的物体匀速拉到高处，沿斜面向上的拉力F＝6 N，斜面长s＝0.6 m、高h＝0.3 m，则拉力所做的功为________J；把重物直接提升h所做的功作为有用功，忽略弹簧测力计的重力和空气阻力，则斜面对物体的摩擦力为________N.
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-164.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
16．(2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔)如图所示，甲、乙两个质量、底面积都相等的容器，底面粗糙程度相同，静止在粗糙程度均匀的水平桌面上，装有同种液体，液面相平．甲、乙两容器内液体对容器底的压力分别为F1、F2，则F1________F2；用沿水平方向的力F3、F4分别缓慢推动甲、乙两容器在桌面上做匀速直线运动，且容器未倾斜时，则F3________F4.(两空均选填“<”“＝”或“>”)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-805.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
17．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)小叶同学利用如图所示的电能表测量电热水器消耗的电能，将电热水器单独连接在电路中，观察到电能表上的铝盘1 min转了60转，电热水器消耗的电能是________kW·h，如果这些能量由天然气来提供，需要完全燃烧________m3的天然气. (q天然气＝4.0×107J/m3)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-798.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
18．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)下图是“探究通电导体产生的热量与________大小关系”的实验装置．通过左侧容器中电阻丝的电流为0.4 A，在1 min内电流通过右侧容器中电阻丝产生的热量为________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-814.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
19．(2024·黑龙江鸡西)如图所示，是一位同学组装的提升重物的装置．他用400 N的力在30 s内把重1 000 N的物体匀速提升6 m(不计绳重及摩擦)，则动滑轮的重力为________N，滑轮组的机械效率为________(保留一位小数).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-810.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
20．(2025·四川凉山)随着新能源电动汽车销量增长，充电桩的安装率不断提高．据了解，充电桩输出电压的范围是300～600 V，峰值功率高达500 kW.如图所示，充电站内各充电桩是________(选填“串联”或“并联”)的；利用充电桩给汽车电池充电的过程中，汽车电池相当于电路中的________；充电桩外壳常采用铝合金材料，为避免触电，外壳需连接________线；若充电桩起火，________用水灭火．
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-165.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
21．(2024·四川南充)如图所示电路，若甲、乙两表为图中电流表，闭合开关S1，断开开关S2，两表指针位置相同，则R1∶R2＝________；若甲、乙两表为图中电压表，闭合开关S1、S2，则两表示数之比是________(电表每次测量均未超过量程).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-811.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT 　 INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-812.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT 　 INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-813.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
22．(2024·黑龙江绥化)下图是家庭电路的电能表，该电能表允许接入用电器的最大总功率是________W；表盘上的某个参数模糊不清，为测得这个参数，仅将额定功率为1 200 W的空调接入电路，正常工作1 min电能表转盘转了60转，计算可知该参数为________r/(kW·h).
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-816.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
23．(2024·内蒙古赤峰)电饭煲是常用的家用电器，它是利用电流的________效应工作的．某品牌电饭煲有“加热”和“保温”两挡功能，简化电路如图所示，R1＝242 Ω，R2＝60.5 Ω.当该电饭煲处于“加热”挡工作10 min，其消耗的电能是________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-815.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
24．(2024·江苏扬州)图甲是家庭电路示意图，插座与灯泡的连接方式是________联．闭合开关后，灯泡不亮，测电笔分别插入插座的三个孔中都不发光，则电路故障是________断路．家用电能表如图乙所示，能接入电路中用电器的最大总功率为________W．若家中仅有电饭锅工作，5 min内电能表指示灯闪烁了300次，电饭锅在这段时间内产生的热量是________J.
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-817.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-818.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
25．(2024·黑龙江绥化)如图所示，一长方体物块漂浮在水面上时，物块露出水面的体积是总体积的，当它漂浮在另一液面上时，浸入液体的体积是总体积的.水和液体对物块下表面的压强分别为p1和p2，则p1________p2(选填“>”“＝”或“<”).杯中液体的密度是________kg/m3.(物块质量分布均匀，且不吸水和另一液体)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-806.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
26．(2025·江苏苏州)下图是控制车辆进出的电动闸门设计图，抬杆AB质量分布均匀，长度为3 m，重为20 N，在最右端B点处悬挂一重为25 N的铁柱，B点到支点O的距离为0.6 m．开关S闭合后，调节滑动变阻器使抬杆AB处于水平静止状态．(忽略支点O处的摩擦)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-166.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
(1)电磁铁上端为________(选填“N”或“S”)极；
(2)此时电磁铁对铁柱的吸引力为________N；
(3)要使抬杆A端从图示位置向上抬起，滑动变阻器的滑片P应向________端移动．

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