资源简介

　　Science fiction is a form of fiction that deals principally with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society or individuals.It can arouse readers’ imagination and get readers into a fantasy world.
Part 1　Reading and Thinking,
Learning About Language
阅读单词
1.fiction　　　　n.小说;虚构的事
2.bonus n.意外收获;奖金;红利
3.integrity n.诚实正直;完整;完好
4.dignity n.庄重;庄严;尊严
5.nail n.指甲;趾甲;钉子
vt.(用钉子)钉牢;固定
6.rumour n.谣言;传闻
7.chairwoman n.女主席;女董事长;女委员长
8.gramme n.克(重量单位)
9.flour n.面粉;(谷物磨成的)粉
10.venue n.活动场地(如音乐厅、会场等)
11.alien n.外星人(生物);外国人
adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
核心单词
1.ridiculous adj.愚蠢的;荒谬的;荒唐的
2.salary n.薪水;薪金
3.absurd adj.荒谬的;荒唐的
4.ladder n.梯子;阶梯
运用词汇
1.appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位→appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定→appointed adj. 指定的;约定的
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的→guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过
3.suspend vt.悬;挂;暂停;暂缓→suspension n.暂停;中止
4.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布→declaration n.宣称;声明;公告
5.calculate vt.计算;核算;预测→calculation n.计算;估计→calculator n.计算器
重点词块
1.test out　　　　　　　检验;测试;考验
2.on a business trip 出差
3.more like 更像是;更接近
4.treat sb with... 用……对待某人
5.or rather 更确切地说
6.work on 从事于,忙于
7.fall off 摔落;跌落
8.manage to do sth 设法做某事
9.more than 不只是,不仅仅
10.be aware of 意识到
11.be charged with... 被控告……
12.on a...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
13.as a reward for 作为……的回报
14.take sb in one’s arms 拥抱某人
重点句型
1.克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬,但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
2.她转过身来,却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.
3.托尼还建议克莱尔在他离开前,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
4.尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间,但他还是及时接住了她。
Even though Tony had been in the next room,he managed to catch her in time.
1.主题语境:人与社会——探索人与机器人的关系
2.语篇类型:科幻小说
3.课文内容分析:本文改编自阿西莫夫的短篇科幻小说《包你满意》,讲述的是机器人制造公司员工Larry的妻子Claire与测试版家庭机器人Tony之间发生的故事,呈现了Claire对Tony从排斥、警觉,到接受、信任,再到被深深吸引的情感变化过程。阅读本文,有利于学生学习科幻小说这种文学体裁,并能够结合故事内容,初步探讨未来机器人融入人类生活后可能出现的问题和挑战。
答案:1.tested out　2.alarmed　3.ridiculous　4.more elegant　5.new hairstyle　6.leave
(　　)1.Why did Larry bring a robot home
A.To make his wife happy. B.To test out the robot.
C.To send his wife a gift. D.To free his wife from work.
(　　)2.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.Tony falls in love with Claire. B.Tony will have a rest that night.
C.Tony will stay with Claire forever. D.Tony,the robot,needs to be improved.
(　　)3.What does the passage mainly tell us
A.It mainly tells us that a robot can do everything better than a man can do.
B.It mainly tells us that a robot can take the place of a human being.
C.It mainly tells us about an experiment where a household robot is tested out.
D.It mainly tells us why a robot falls in love with a human being.
答案 1.B　2.A　3.C　
1.It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife,Claire.
它(机器人)将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。
◆test out 检验;测试;考验
The new product had been tested out before it was put on the market.
这种新产品经过测试后才进入了市场。
The students will test out their knowledge in the final exam.
学生们将在期末考试中检验自己的知识。
[备用例句]
①I wanted to test out the television set before I bought it.
在买电视机之前,我要测试一下。
②The scientist tested his new theory on a group of volunteers.
这位科学家在一组志愿者身上试验了他的新理论。
归纳拓展 ·test sb on sth 在……方面测试某人 test...on...在……上做……试验 test (sth) for...检验(某物)以确定(成分等);对(某物)做……检测 ·put sb/sth to the test 使……受考验; 使……受检验 take/do a test 参加测验 pass/fail a test 通过/没有通过测验
(1)一词多义:写出下列句子中test out的含义
①He wished to test out the item before selling it.
　　　　　　　
②The long climb tested out our power of endurance.
　　　　　　　
(2)句子语法填空
③The recent quarrels in the artistic circles will put both sides 　　　　 the test.
④The software has been tested 　　　　 viruses.
答案:(1)①检验　②考验　(2)③to　④for
2.She had an appointment to paint her nails,then she went into an expensive clothes shop.
她按预约去美甲后,走进了一家高档时装店。
★appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位
appoint vt.任命;委派;指定;约定
appointed adj.指定的;约定的
(2024·全国甲卷)“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke.
“人们一大早就开始排队预约,”埃米尔·杜克说道。
I was appointed to take charge of arranging all the activities on that day.
我被委派去负责安排那天所有的活动。
[备用例句]
①He was very pleased with his appointment as the chairman of the organisation.
他对他被任命为这个组织的主席感到十分高兴。
②The appointed time of the ceremony was drawing nearer.
既定的典礼时间就快到了。
归纳拓展 ·have/make an appointment with sb (to do sth) 与某人预约/约定(做某事) keep an/the/one’s appointment 赴约;守约 break an/the appointment 失约 ·appoint sb (as/to be)...任命某人(为)…… appoint sb to do sth 委派某人去做某事 ·at the appointed time 在指定的时间
句子语法填空
①I have an 　　　　 (appoint) with the science fiction writer to meet at the cafe.
②I was appointed 　　　　 chairman of the organisation,which made me happy.
③According to the board’s resolution,he was appointed 　　　　(represent) the company at the meeting next week.
④She has a great respect for everyone’s 　　　　 (appoint) time and always arrives early.
答案:①appointment　②as/to be　③to represent ④appointed
Tom and John made an appointment with the manager.Tom arrived at the appointed time,while John broke the appointment for some reason.Later,Tom was appointed as/to be the sales manager.
汤姆和约翰与经理约好了。汤姆在指定的时间到达,而约翰却因故失约。后来,汤姆被任命为销售部经理。
3.Although it was completely innocent,Claire felt guilty.
虽然完全无辜,但是克莱尔还是感到内疚。
★guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
guilt n.内疚;罪行;罪过
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often.
我因没有常去看望父母而感到内疚。
Tears of guilt streamed down Mary’s cheeks.
玛丽的脸颊上流下了内疚的泪水。
·be/feel guilty for/about/at 对/为……感到内疚/有愧 be guilty of...犯有……罪 ·a sense of guilt 内疚感
翻译句子
①他因为欺骗了朋友而感到内疚。
②她因为不能陪伴她的家人而背负着一种愧疚感。
答案:①He was/felt guilty for/about/at cheating on his friends.
②She carried a sense of guilt for not being able to accompany her family.
4.The guests would be arriving soon,so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night.
因为客人们很快就要到了,所以克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作。
◆dismiss vt.让(某人)离开;解散;解雇;消除;不予考虑
dismissive adj.轻蔑的;鄙视的
It was not easy to dismiss the matter from his mind.
让他不把这件事放在心上很难。
The cook was dismissed for his poor cooking.
那个厨师因厨艺太差被解雇了。
The general manager dismissed Kevin from his post,because he was unqualified to do the job.
总经理免去了凯文的职务,因为凯文无法胜任这项工作。
归纳拓展 dismiss sb for...因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss sth from...将某事/某物从……消除/去除 dismiss sb from one’s post/ position 免去某人的职务
(1)一词多义:写出下列句子中dismiss的含义
①At 12 o’clock the class was dismissed.
　　　　　　　
②Doctor’s explanation cannot dismiss their doubt.　　　　　　　
③Jim just laughed and dismissed my proposal as unrealistic.　　　　　　　
(2)句子语法填空
④Although his colleague’s suggestion was valuable,he reacted to it with a 　　　　 (dismiss) attitude.
⑤She claimed she was unfairly dismissed 　　　　 her post.
答案:(1)①解散　②消除　③不予考虑
(2)④dismissive　 ⑤from
5.She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day,and that he felt more than just the desire to please her.
克莱尔听到托尼明确表示他次日并不想离开她,而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。
★declare vt.表明;宣称;公布
declaration n.宣称;声明;公告
The player declared that she would take part in the next Olympic Games.
这名运动员宣布她将参加下一届奥运会。
John,my best friend,declared for my advice at the class meeting.
我最好的朋友约翰在班会上表示赞成我的建议。
[备用例句]
①The headmaster declared the ceremony open and all of us present cheered.
校长宣布仪式开始,我们在场的所有人都欢呼起来。
②When the teacher declared me to be the winner of the English Speech Contest,I was delighted.
当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时,我很高兴。
declare sb/sth as/to be...宣布某人或某事是…… declare for/against 声明赞成/反对 declare war (on/against...) (向……)宣战 declare sth/that...宣布…… It is/was declared that...据宣布……
declare 通常指正式、明确地向公众“宣布;声明”,侧重“当众”发表,多用于宣战、议和、宣判等,往往带有权威性,后面可跟复合宾语
续　表
announce 指正式地“公开;发表;宣布”,侧重“预告”人们所关心或感兴趣的事情,尤指新闻之类的消息。接间接宾语时,要在间接宾语前加to
Our country has declared against any war between the two countries,which will be announced to the whole nation.
我们将会对全民宣布,我们国家已经公开声明反对两国间的任何战争。
(1)句子语法填空
①The environmental protection organisation has declared 　　　　 the construction of a new factory in this area.
②He made a 　　　　 (declare) announcing his resignation at the press conference.
(2)完成句子
③学生会宣布,今年的文化节主题将为“跨文化交流”。

　　　　　　　　 would be “Cross-cultural Exchange”.
④听到戏剧节宣布开幕,所有的学生都欢呼起来。　 ,
all the students burst into cheers.
答案:(1)①against　②declaration　(2)③The student union declared that the theme of this year’s culture festival　④Hearing the drama festival declared open
6.money paid for work or services,typically on a daily or weekly basis
为工作或服务支付的钱,通常是按日或按周支付的
★on a...basis 根据;以……的方式(基准)
Remember,even world champion athletes practise their skills on a consistent basis.
请记住,即使是得过世界冠军的运动员也会坚持进行技能训练。
She was chosen for the job on the basis of her qualifications.
她因资历适合而被选担任这项工作。
[备用例句]
On the basis of the facts,we can reach these conclusions.=Based on/upon the facts,we can reach these conclusions.
基于事实,我们可以得出这些结论。
归纳拓展 ·on a regular basis 定期地;例行地;有规律地 on a daily/weekly basis 每天/每周 on the basis of...在……的基础上;基于 ·base...on/upon...把……置于……基础之上 be based on/upon...以……为基础/根据
(1)句子语法填空
①Our course schedule 　　　　 (base) on the needs and interests of the students.
②On the basis 　　　　 my interest in history,I joined the school’s history club and actively participated in various club activities.
(2)完成句子
③I have formed the habit of getting up early and exercising 　　　　　　 (每天).
④　　　　　　　　　　 (以一个真实的故事为基础),the film is very popular.
答案:(1)①is based　②of　(2)③on a daily basis
④Based on/upon/On the basis of a true story
I read the English newspaper for half an hour on a daily basis.On the basis of much reading,I have greatly improved my English.Based on/upon my own experience,I call on all of you to read the English newspaper on a regular basis.
我每天读半小时的英文报。在大量阅读的基础上,我极大地提高了我的英语水平。基于我自己的经历,我呼吁你们所有人定期读英文报。
1.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬,但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。
◆“It+be+adj.+that从句”是固定句式,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的
从句。
(2023·全国乙卷)It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining.
最近有报道称,坚持传统饮食的人的数量在慢慢下降。
It is fortunate that our school has a rich collection of books,which is very helpful for our learning and research.
幸运的是,我们学校有丰富的图书资源,这对我们的学习和研究非常有帮助。
　　it作形式主语的常用句式如下所示。
①It+be+形容词(strange、important、vital、obvious、possible...)+that从句
It is obvious that without the help of the whole society,there would be no new school today.
很显然,如果没有全社会的帮助就不会有今天的新学校。
②It+be+过去分词 (said、thought、hoped、believed、reported...)+that从句
(2022·全国乙卷)It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar,putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
人们认为,如今的儿童和青少年摄入的糖分是建议水平的3倍,这使他们患这种疾病的风险更高。
③It+be+名词短语(a pity、a shame、a fact、no wonder...)+that从句
It is a fact that these national parks have obtained financial support from tourist companies.
这些国家公园已经得到旅游公司的资金支持,这是事实。
④It+不及物动词 (seem、occur、happen...)+that从句
It happened that I went out when you came to my house.
你来我家的时候,我碰巧出去了。
翻译句子
①据报道,大约有3万人参加了这次首展。
②我突然想起我把票落在家里了。
③我们对学习要持正确的态度,这是很重要的。
④可惜你不能去参加我的毕业典礼。
答案:①It is reported that about 30,000 people attended the first exhibition.
②It occurred to me that I had left my ticket at home.
③It is important that we should have a right attitude towards study.
④It is a pity that you can’t come to my graduation ceremony.
2.As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.
当她转过身来,却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
◆完全倒装
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A few weeks later,when I almost forgot the contest,there came the news.
几个星期后,当我几乎忘记比赛的时候,消息传来了。
Outside the classroom stood a teacher.
在教室外站着一位老师。
归纳拓展 　　本句中there stood Gladys Claffern是倒装句式,并且是完全倒装。使用完全倒装的几种情况有“方位方向加时间,地点介短表语(提)前”,如下所示: (1)here、there、in、out、off、away、up、down、now、then等表示方位、方向或时间的副词或者表示地点的介词(短语)置于句首,谓语动词是be、come、go、remain、lie、run等,且主语为名词时,用完全倒装。 (2)主系表结构中,作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装。such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。
①在完全倒装句式中,谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。
②完全倒装句式中的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。
翻译句子
①秋天来了,树叶落了。
②出席会议的是一些全国著名的诗人。
③那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘,她正在读书。
答案:①Autumn came and down fell the leaves.
②Present at the meeting are some famous poets from all over the country.
③Under that tree sits a beautiful girl who is reading a book.
He suggested ①that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night ②before he was to leave and Larry was to return.
托尼还建议克莱尔在他离开前,也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上,邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。
分析:句中①为that引导的宾语从句,②为before引导的时间状语从句。
情境写作
①体育老师建议我们在锻炼身体之前先好好热身。
②那位科学家在退休前宣称他发现了一个新的植物物种。
答案:①Our PE teacher suggests that we should warm up well before we take exercise.
②The scientist declared that he had discovered a new species of plant before he was retired.
人物情绪描写(惊慌、尴尬、不安)
一、课文词汇
1.feel alarmed感到惊慌
2.feel embarrassed感到尴尬
3.be disturbing令人不安的
二、补充词汇
4.in panic惊慌失措地;处在恐慌中
5.get into a panic 陷入恐慌
6.shiver with fright吓得发抖
7.a burst of horror holds sb某人感到一阵恐惧
8.shame and embarrassment engulf sb某人充满羞愧和尴尬
9.one’s face reddened with embarrassment某人尴尬得红了脸
10.pace back and forth来回踱步
11.an awkward silence令人尴尬的沉默
12.sink into a sea of upset and worry陷入深深的不安与担忧
一、课本原句
1.She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go.
她感到非常尴尬,立刻让托尼走开。
2.However,when she first saw the robot,she felt alarmed.
然而,第一次看到机器人时,克莱尔还是有点惊慌。
3.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human,and it was disturbing.
现在,她正由一个看起来这么像人类的机器人照料着,这很令人不安。
二、其他表达
4.With butterflies in my stomach,I breathed deeply.
我深深地吸了一口气,心里十分紧张。
5.I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry.
我对自己发那么大的火而深感惭愧。
6.She suddenly blushed in embarrassment and lowered her head.
她突然尴尬得红了脸,低下头。
7.Jane got into a panic,and her heart beat so violently that she felt nearly suffocated.
简陷入恐慌,她的心跳动得如此剧烈以至于她感觉快要窒息了。
1.当她意识到自己在所有人面前犯了个错误时,她尴尬得红了脸。
2.想到儿子的健康问题,她陷入深深的不安与担忧中,以至于她整夜翻来覆去,无法入睡。
答案:1.When she realised she had made a mistake in front of everyone,her face reddened with embarrassment.
2.Thinking of her son’s health problems,she sank into such a deep sea of upset and worry that she tossed and turned all night and couldn’t sleep.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
A household robot named Tony was going to 1.　　　　 (test) out in a family by Claire.Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning,but she agreed to it at last.At her first sight of Tony,Claire felt 2.　　　　 (alarm),for the robot seemed more like a human 3.　　　　 a machine,tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice.When Tony offered 4.　　　　 (help) her dress,Claire felt embarrassed.Claire complained that she wasn’t clever so Tony showed sympathy 5.　　　　 her,which she thought was ridiculous.6.　　　　 (gradual),Tony began to win Claire’s trust.As a favour,Tony helped Claire make herself smarter and her home 7.　　　 (elegant).In an expensive clothes shop,when the saleswoman was rude to Claire,she rang Tony up for help.Tony made the woman change her attitude and Claire thanked Tony,8.　　　　 (say) that he was a “dear”.However,the scene was discovered by Gladys Claffern,so Claire felt 9.　　　　 (guilt).Claire wept after arriving home.And to comfort her,Tony suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house,10.　　　　would have been completely transformed by then.
答案:1.be tested　2.alarmed　3.than　4.to help　5.for　6.Gradually　7.more elegant
8.saying 　9.guilty　10.which
语法专项指导
被动语态
1.It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife,Claire.
2.Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human...
3....she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.
4.How awful to be discovered by her,Claire thought.
观察上面的句子,不难发现这些句子都使用了被动语态。
一、被动语态的概念及基本构成
　　英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。使用被动语态的句子,谓语动词的形式是“be+动词过去分词”,被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在助动词be的变化上,其变化规则与系动词be相同。一般来讲,只有及物动词才有被动语态。有时被动语态中动作的执行者可用by短语表示。下面以do为例列举常用时态的被动语态形式。
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 shall/will be done 或am/is/are going to be done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去将来时 should/would be done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
将来完成时 will have been done
The meeting has been put off for some reason.
会议已因故推迟了。
The new type of robot will be tested out by some restaurants near the company.
这种新型机器人将会由公司附近的一些餐馆测试。
句子语法填空
①The tourists 　　　　 (accompany) by a guide when they travelled in Beijing.
②At this moment,the city 　　　　 (wash) by a heavy rain.
③The novel 　　　　 (consider) a masterpiece of contemporary literature since its publication.
答案:①were accompanied　②is being washed　③has been considered
二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题
1.在主动语态里,跟在动词see、make、hear、watch、notice等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式省略to,但变为被动语态时,to必须还原。
His mother made him do his homework again.
→He was made to do his homework again by his mother.
他妈妈要求他把作业再做一遍。
2.句中含有可接双宾语的动词
主动语态:动词+间接宾语(通常指人)+直接宾语(通常指物)
被动语态:①若间接宾语变为被动句的主语,应保留直接宾语并不对其进行改动;②若直接宾语变为被动句的主语,应在间接宾语前面加介词to或for。
We gave him the letter.
→He was given the letter by us.
→The letter was given to him by us.
我们把那封信给了他。
She bought her mother a new coat.
→Her mother was bought a new coat by her.
→A new coat was bought for her mother by her.
她给她妈妈买了一件新大衣。
3.将含有“动词+介词/副词”类动词短语(如 look after、put on)的主动句变为被动句时,原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留。
The little baby was closely looked after by the nurse.
保育员密切照料着婴儿。
4.有些“be+过去分词”结构是被动形式,但表示主动意义,用来表明主语的状态。如be seated (坐着)、be faced with (面临)等。
We are faced with a serious problem.
我们面临着一个严重问题。
英语中常见的不能用于被动语态的动词或动词短语有have、cost、happen、take place、take part in、come true、belong to等。
将下列各句的语态改为被动语态
①Mr Smith offered me a good job yesterday.
→
→
②I saw Tom cross the street in a hurry.
→
③My grandmother took good care of me when I was young.
→
答案:①A good job was offered to me yesterday by Mr Smith.
I was offered a good job yesterday by Mr Smith.
②Tom was seen to cross the street in a hurry by me.
③I was taken good care of by my grandmother when I was young.
三、非谓语动词的被动形式及用法
1.动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时,动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。动词不定式的被动形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词不定式的被动形式如下表所示。
时态 形式 用法
一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之后或与之同时发生的被动动作
完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之前的被动动作
Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job.(作主语)
有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。
The novel is said to have been translated into many languages.(作宾语补足语)
据说这部小说已被译成多种语言。
2.动词-ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时,要用动词-ing的被动形式,可分为一般式和完成式。动词-ing的被动形式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。动词-ing的被动形式如下表所示。
时态 形式 用法
一般时 being done 表示正在进行或与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的被动动作
完成时 having been done 表示发生在谓语所表示的动作之前的被动动作
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语)
你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。
The museum being repaired will be reopened to visitors next year.(作定语)
正在维修的博物馆明年将再次向游客开放。
She doesn’t remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.(作宾语)
她不记得曾得到过出国的机会。
句子语法填空
①The boy asked 　　　　 (give) an opportunity to try again.
②　　　　 (warn) about typhoon,the fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour.
③The rabbits were so lucky that they just missed 　　　　 (catch).
答案:①to be given　②Having been warned
③being caught
四、主动形式表示被动意义
1.连系动词如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain、seem、appear、prove等后接表语时,一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
The idea sounds great.
这个主意听起来棒极了。
The popcorn they made looked wonderful and tasted delicious.
他们做的爆米花看起来棒极了,吃起来也很美味。
2.有些动词如read、write、clean、wash、cook、keep、cut、open、close、sell等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时,常和副词well、easily、smoothly等连用,通常用主动形式表示被动意义。这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。
The door doesn’t open easily.
这扇门不容易打开。
Bikes of that kind sell well.
那种自行车卖得很好。
3.“need、want、require、deserve等+doing”用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The blackboard needs cleaning.
=The blackboard needs to be cleaned.
黑板需要擦干净。
The broken window wants repairing.
=The broken window wants to be repaired.
那扇破窗户需要修理。
4.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面应跟动词不定式的被动形式。
The book is worth reading again.
=The book is worthy to be read again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
5.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间为动宾关系,且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.
今天下午我有许多事情要做。(to do与things是动宾关系,与主语I是主谓关系)
6.在某些以“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词有nice、easy、fit、hard、difficult、important、impossible、pleasant、interesting等。
This problem is difficult to work out.
这个问题很难解决。
7.在“there be...”句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动形式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物。
There is no time to lose/to be lost.
刻不容缓。(to lose可看成for us to lose,强调人us;to be lost则强调物time)
翻译句子
①那个问题不值得讨论。
②这种布料摸上去很舒服。
③她在找一本容易理解的参考书。
答案:①That issue is not worth discussing./That issue is not worthy to be discussed.
②This kind of cloth feels comfortable.
③She’s looking for a reference book to understand easily.
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I bought a desk and asked for it　　　　(deliver) to my house this Friday.
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)I 　　　 　 (motivate)—and demotivated—by other folks’ achievements all my life.
3.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can 　　　　(enjoy) in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs.
4.(2024·全国甲卷)While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside,I
　　　　 (leave)alone in the kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes.
答案及剖析:
1.to be delivered　考查非谓语动词的语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作宾语补足语,和宾语it构成被动关系,且此处应使用ask for sth to do的被动结构。故填to be delivered。
2.have been motivated　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语I构成被动关系,句中有时间状语 all my life,应用现在完成时。故填have been motivated。
3.be enjoyed　考查语态。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,和主语views构成被动关系,且can 是情态动词,故填 be enjoyed。
4.was left　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处在句中作谓语,和主语I构成被动关系,且表示过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。主语为单数,故填was left。
Ⅰ.语篇填空
My friend Jackie 1.　　　　 (bring) up in a small town,where he 2.　　　　 (educate) before he went to New York.One day he 3.　　　　 (watch) a football match when his father 4.　　　　 (give) him a surprise that his whole family 5.　　　　 (move) to New York.And now he 6.　　　　 (teach) by Miss Brown in a new school.Miss Brown is a very kind and friendly teacher,but she is strict about her work and strict with her students.With the help of Miss Brown,many problems 7.　　　　 (solve) very easily.Jackie finds his study 8.　　　　 (improve) greatly since he 9.　　 　　 (come) to this school three years ago.He is fond of Miss Brown and 10.　　　　 (feel) great at the new school.
答案:1.was brought　2.had been educated　3.was watching　4.gave　5.would move　6.is being taught　7.are solved　8.has been improved　9.came　10.feels
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.The question 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (正在被讨论) now has something to do with nature.
2.He was the last one 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　(被邀请发言) at the meeting.
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (被告诉好几遍了),the naughty boy made the same mistake again.
4.They said 　　　　　　　　 (决定会被做出) at the next meeting.
5.His first book 　　　　　　　　(下个月要出版的) is based on a true story.
答案:1.being discussed　2.to be invited to speak
3.Having been told several times　4.the decision would be made　5.to be published next month
课时作业(一)　UNIT 1　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.She received a 　　　　 (奖金) for completing the project ahead of schedule.
2.Jim is a person with 　　　　 (诚实正直) who deserves respect.
3.Mary’s story was so 　　　　 (荒谬的) that it was beyond belief.
4.Please 　　　　 (让……离开) the children from the room so we can continue our discussions.
5.Modesty helps one go forward,　　　　 (然而) pride works the opposite.
6.If the science 　　　　 (小说) is translated into English,it will be popular around the world.
7.Gina was given a promotion and an increase in 　　　　 (薪水) for her good performance.
8.Before buying a new car,I need to 　　　　 (计算) the fuel efficiency to see if it fits my budget.
9.Andrew understood the importance of building a close relationship with customers as a 　　　　 (推销员).
答案:1.bonus　2.integrity　3.absurd　4.dismiss 5.whereas　6.fiction　7.salary　8.calculate 9.salesman
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.Due to maintenance,the school library’s opening will 　　　　 (suspend) for one day next Saturday.
2.It is 　　　 　 (ridiculous) absurd to predict that the sun will not rise tomorrow.
3.She sounded upset when I said you couldn’t give her an 　　　　 (appoint).
4.Although she didn’t mean to break the vase,she still felt 　　　　 (guilt).
5.His work is to test 　　　　 new designs of cars before they are put on the market.
6.The worker was dismissed 　　　　 his post for unprofessional conduct.
7.On the top of the mountain there 　　　　 (stand) a temple.
8.　　　　 the basis of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.
答案:1.be suspended　2.ridiculously　3.appointment
4.guilty　5.out　6.from　7.stands　8.On
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.我的母亲是一位老师,比起母亲,她对我而言更像是一位朋友。(more like)
2.我们应该每周评估我们的进度,以保持在正确的轨道上。(on a...basis)
3.这位父亲因为没办法花很多时间陪伴他的孩子们而感到内疚。(feel guilty about)
4.下周我们将进行一次化学实验,我建议先做个小测试,看看反应是否如我们所预期。(test out)
5.很抱歉不能和你一起去书店了,因为我在这周六下午约了牙医。(have an appointment with...)
答案:1.My mother,who is a teacher,is more like a friend than a parent to me.
2.We should evaluate our progress on a weekly basis to stay on track.
3.This father felt guilty about not being able to spend much time with his kids.
4.We’re going to conduct a chemistry experiment next week,I suggest we test it out first to see if the reaction is as expected.
5.I am sorry that I can’t go to the bookstore with you because I have an appointment with my dentist this Saturday afternoon.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
When Tina Sorg first saw the robot rolling through her supermarket,she thought,“That thing is a little weird.” Programmed to detect spills and rubbish in the passages,the robot looked like a printer with a long neck.“It needs personality,” said Ms Sorg,who manages the store’s beer and wine department.
So,during one overnight shift,she went out to a nearby arts and crafts store,brought back a large pair of googly eyes (塑料眼睛) and,when no one was looking,fixed them on the top of the robot.
The eyes were a hit with managers at her grocery company.They are now a standard feature on the company’s nearly 500 robots across the United States.
How this supermarket robot got its funny eyes touches on a serious question:Will robots with friendly faces and cute names help people feel good about devices that are taking over an increasing amount of human work
Robots are now working everywhere from factories to living rooms.But the introduction of robots to public settings like the grocery store is increasing new fears that humans are being pushed out of jobs.A famous consulting firm says the grocers could immediately reduce “the pool of labour hours” by as much as 65% if they adopted all the automation technology currently available.
Still,most of the retail (零售的) robots have just enough human qualities to make them appear friendly but not too many to suggest they are replacing humans completely.
“There is never going to be this great disaster of job loss,” said Peter Hancock,a professor at the University of Central Florida who has studied the history of automation.Throughout history,Hancock added,workers have attacked technologies when they feel threatened.“If you push too hard,too far,people transfer their anger to the technology,and they protest,” he noted.
(　　)1.What was Tina Sorg’s attitude towards the robot that “looked like a printer with a long neck”
A.Positive. B.Indifferent.
C.Favourable. D.Disapproving.
(　　)2.What happened to the googly eyes Tina Sorg put on the robot
A.They were banned by her supermarket.
B.They were well-received by her bosses.
C.They went unnoticed by her colleagues.
D.They were hit by some customers.
(　　)3.Why is the famous consulting firm mentioned
A.To point out the exact amount of labour to be done by robots.
B.To celebrate the prospect of robots replacing human workers.
C.To emphasise the risk of job loss due to technological advances.
D.To stress the power of automation technology in public settings.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了Tina Sorg为了让机器人看起来更像人类,给机器人增添了一双塑料眼睛,这一举动也给了设计者启示。设计者认为机器人应有足够的人类特质,以带给客户更好的体验。但机器人的普及也引发了大家针对机器人是否会导致人类失业这一问题的讨论。
答案及剖析:
1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段的最后一句可推测,Sorg对目前的机器人不满意,觉得它需要增添个性。所以D项符合题意。故选D。
2.B　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知,这双眼睛很受食品杂货公司经理们的欢迎。现在该公司遍布美国的近500个机器人都安上了眼睛。由此可知,杂货公司的经理们都很喜欢机器人新添加的眼睛。故选B。
3.C　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知,机器人进入食品杂货店等公共场所,加重了人们对人类将被挤出工作岗位的担忧。but后的内容为强调部分,所以后文提及这家咨询公司是为了进一步强调机器人的出现可能会增加人类失业的风险。故选C。
B
When we long live together,we quickly learn to foresee the near-term behaviours of our co-workers or family members.Our ability to predict the actions of others makes it easier to successfully live and work together.In contrast,even the most intelligent and advanced robots have remained inept at this sort of communication.
This may be about to change.
The study,conducted by Mechanical Engineering Professor Hod Lipson,is part of a broader effort to provide robots with the ability to understand and predict what others want.The researchers first built a subject robot and placed it in a playpen.They programmed the robot to seek and move towards any green circle it could see.But there was a hidden difficulty.Sometimes the robot could see a green circle in its camera and move directly towards it.But other times,the green circle would be blocked by a tall red cardboard box,in which case the robot would move towards a different green circle,or not at all.
After “researching” its partner on screen long,the new robot was eventually able to get its partner’s goal and path 98 out of 100 times,across varying situations.When starting the experiment,the researchers expected the robot might learn to make predictions about the subject robot’s near-term actions.What the researchers didn’t expect,however,was how accurately it could foresee the moves with only a few seconds of video.
“Our initial results are very exciting,showing how robots can see the world from another robot’s view,” says Lipson.“The understanding ability of the new robot is perhaps a primitive form of sensing others’ feelings,which we all can do.”
Meanwhile,he acknowledges there’re many moral questions.The technology will make robots more adaptable and useful and no longer passive instruction-following machines,but when robots can predict how humans think,they may also learn to control or influence those thoughts.
(　　)4.What does “inept” underlined in the first paragraph mean
A.Cautious. B.Smart.
C.Active. D.Poor.
(　　)5.What is the experiment designed to find
A.How a robot moves toward the targeted object.
B.Whether a robot can predict other robots’ goals.
C.Whether robots can work together like humans.
D.How precisely a robot foresees its partner’s moves.
(　　)6.How does the robot gain the understanding ability
A.By communication.
B.By following its camera.
C.By visual observation.
D.By experiencing various tests.
(　　)7.What does Lipson think of the new robot
A.It bears human characteristics.
B.It has some kind of moral values.
C.It might replace human beings.
D.It is an instruction-following machine.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章讲述了当人类长时间生活在一起时,他们很快就能预测身边人的行动;现下有一种新型的机器人学会了这一技能。
答案及剖析:
4.D　猜测词义题。画线词前提到人在一起生活的时间久了,就能知晓对方下一步的动作和意图。结合上文的In contrast及下文的“This may be about to change.”和有关机器人的新能力的研究可知,画线词所在句与前面的内容为对比关系。故选D。
5.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句及第三段第二句可知,实验的目的是要看看机器人是否能够预测其他机器人的行动。故选B。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知,机器人通过视觉观察获得了理解和预测其他机器人的行动的能力。故选C。
7.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,在Lipson看来,这种新型的机器人的理解能力可能是人类感知他人感受的一种原始形式。故选A。
C
Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds.The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science.So it’s important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation.For example,if you’re writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity,then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body.
Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds.And you have to follow them.If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1,your characters can’t drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3.The issue here is maintaining your readers’ trust.That means readers are willing to pretend along with you.If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter,you will pull the readers out of their imagination.The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway.
Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its world in great detail.You should decide the following issues:the history of the world,the geography,what possibilities it offers,how everything works in this new reality,and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think,feel,and react to things.You don’t have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter.But you have to let readers know enough to understand what’s going on.This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions before you start writing.
When you are writing,remember to make it feel real.You are inviting readers to visit a new world.They will want to be able to see,hear,feel,smell,and even taste what it’s like.Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet,help your readers feel like they’re actually there.
(　　)8.What’s the relationship between actual science and science fiction
A.Science fiction promotes the development of actual science.
B.Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science.
C.Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction.
D.Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction.
(　　)9.What does the third paragraph focus on
A.Part of the preparation work for science fiction writing.
B.The different types of novels.
C.The detail in the first chapter of science fiction.
D.The reality of science fiction.
(　　)10.Which of the following statements is TRUE
A.It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction.
B.Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writer’s rules are true.
C.The target readers of the passage are young scientists.
D.It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction.
(　　)11.What’s the best title of the passage
A.How to Do Scientific Research
B.How to Write Science Fiction
C.What to Expect from Science Fiction
D.How to Raise Interest in Science
语篇导读:本文是说明文。科学是科幻小说的基本原理,文章提出了写科幻小说时要注意的
事项。
答案及剖析:
8.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的前两句可知,科学是科幻小说的基本原理。故选C。
9.A　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知,第三段的主旨是科幻小说写作的部分准备工作。故选A。
10.B　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,科幻小说的读者实际上会假设作者小说世界里的规则是真实的。故选B。
11.B　标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了如何写科幻小说,故B项适合用作文章的标题。故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五
Whenever humans consider the future of artificial intelligence (AI),they have one big question in mind:Will robots take my job 1.　　　,new ones that involve working specifically with AI will arise.The biggest change may be in what we get from work.Many jobs will become more rewarding as people perform their work alongside AI,solving problems in new and exciting ways.AI has already changed almost every industry,but the future of AI promises to revolutionise even more businesses.
2.　　
With AI,doctors will be able to better diagnose illnesses.This will make early life-saving treatment more likely.They might use AI to create new ways to treat illnesses like dementia and cancer.They could use it to predict future illnesses,
combining a patient’s health history and genetic data to create a preventative care plan.
Service Industry
In the future,robots and machines run by AI could replace customer service representatives and cashiers.We can also have AI-equipped robot cooks.3.　　　.
Law Enforcement
Some day soon,intelligent robots could even replace police officers to catch potential criminals.4.　　　.As for online security,AI is already in development to intelligently protect consumers online.The AI will be able to detect changes in spending and credit activity and then automatically contact the police.
Transportation
5.　　　.In the future,cars will be able to drive themselves (some already do).We may also see automated trains and airplanes.
Marketing
AI already targets you with customised ads on social media sites,but soon it may even be able to create the ads you see or articles you read.
A.Health Care
B.Find Your Way
C.Say goodbye to taxis and drivers
D.While it’s true that some jobs will disappear
E.Robots are already used at some fast-food restaurants
F.AI-run robots are already used as security officers in some businesses
G.There are already articles that are almost as good as what a human creates
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了人工智能已经或即将被应用的领域。
答案及剖析:
1.D　根据空前的“Will robots take my job ”和空后的“new ones that involve working specifically with AI will arise”可知,上文提出问题,下文指出会有新的工作出现。由此可推知,空处应对前文的问题进行回答,并指出人工智能会导致一些工作消失。D项承上启下,符合语境。故选D。
2.A　空处概括本段内容,为本段小标题,且应与下文小标题的句式保持一致,即应是名词短语。根据本段描述“With AI,doctors will be able to better diagnose illnesses.”可知,本段主要介绍医疗保健方面的内容。A项概括本段内容。故选A。
3.E　根据空前一句可知,空处应承接上文,继续陈述人工智能在餐饮或服务行业的应用。E项承接上文。故选E。
4.F　根据空前一句“Some day soon,intelligent robots...potential criminals.”可知,空处应进一步说明智能机器人在安全领域的使用。F项承接上文,符合题意。故选F。
5.C　根据后文可知,空处应说明未来人工智能给运输行业带来的变化。C项符合题意,且符合本段主旨。故选C。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The home of the future won’t be 1.　　　　(complete) different and we will be living in houses and flats just as we do today.2.　　　　(build) in different shapes,no two homes will look the same.People will be able to buy “house kits” containing a basic house structure,with adjustable walls,doors and windows.They will put together the different parts 3.　　　　 (create) the home they want.
Space holidays will develop in the future,but these holidays won’t be for everyone because they are 4.　　　　 (expensive) than holidays on Earth.Short space trips will develop first,and then the space hotels will go around Earth 5.　　　　it will be possible to have a longer vacation.By 6.　　　　end of the 22nd century,there will be holiday centres on the moon with leisure facilities for families.
According to the laws of physics,Earth is going to 7.　　　　(appear) some time in the future.This isn’t going to happen tomorrow but scientists predict that it will happen in five billion years when our sun 8.　　　　(explode).9.　　　　 a result,we will have to explore the universe and find another home.At some point in the distant future,either we stay on Earth and die with it,or we leave and move to another planet.There won’t be any other 10.　　　　(choose).
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章介绍了将来的房子及生活。
答案及剖析:
1.completely　考查副词。修饰形容词 different要用副词。故填completely。
2.Built　考查非谓语动词。空格处是状语,build与主语no two homes之间是被动关系,要用过去分词,且位于句首,单词首字母大写。故填Built。
3.to create　考查非谓语动词。空格处表目的,要用动词不定式。故填to create。
4.more expensive　考查形容词。根据 than holidays on Earth可知,此处要用比较级。故填more expensive。
5.where　考查定语从句。空格处引导定语从句,先行词是Earth,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where。故填where。
6.the　考查冠词。根据 by the end of(在……末)是固定搭配可知,空格处填the。 故填the。
7.disappear　考查动词。根据 be going to do可知,空格处填动词原形,结合句意可知,此处表示“消失”。故填disappear。
8.explodes　考查动词时态。主句为一般将来时,when引导的时间状语从句,要用一般现在时表将来,主语为our sun,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填explodes。
9.As　考查固定短语。根据固定短语as a result可知,空格处填as,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填As。
10.choice　考查名词。根据any other可知,空格处填名词。故填choice。Part 2　Using Language,Assessing
Your Progress,Video Time
阅读单词
1.blurred　　　　adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的
2.inaction n.无行动;不采取措施
3.leather n.皮革;[pl.] 皮衣;皮外套
4.lever n.操纵杆;杠杆
5.panel n.控制板;仪表盘;专家咨询组
6.inch n.英寸(长度单位,等于2.54厘米)
7.backwards adv.向后;倒着;往回
8.grip vt.& vi.紧握;抓紧
9.niece n.侄女;外甥女
10.handkerchief n.手帕;纸巾
11.lamp n.灯;台灯
12.puff n.(烟、气等的)一缕;少量;喘息
13.jolt n.震动;摇晃;颠簸
vt.& vi.(使)震动;摇晃
14.stun vt.使震惊;使昏迷
15.overstatement n.夸大;夸张
核心单词
1.superior　　adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的
2.labour n.劳动(者);体力劳动
vi.奋斗;努力工作
3.hazy adj.模糊的;朦胧的;困惑的
4.fetch vt.(去)拿来;(去)请来
5.pace n.速度;步伐;节奏
vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏
6.maximum adj.最大极限的
n.最大量;最大限度
7.flip vt.& vi.(使)快速翻转;(用手指)轻抛
运用词汇
1.division n.分开;分隔;差异;除(法)→divide vt.(使)分开;分散;分配
2.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动 vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐→urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
3.random adj.随机的;不可思议的→randomly adv.随机地
4.explode vi.& vt.爆炸;爆破→explosion n.爆炸;爆发
5.mud n.泥;泥浆→muddy adj.泥泞的
重点词块
1.pros and cons　　　事物的利与弊;支持与反对
2.superior to 比……更好;更胜一筹
3.take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
4.beside the point 离题
5.remind sb of... 使某人想起……
6.conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
7.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
8.fall away (逐渐)减少;消失
9.have an urge to 有强烈的欲望做某事
10.so long as 只要……就……
11.due to 因为,由于
12.switch off 关掉;切断
重点句型
1.今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台开始了其运转之旅。
It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
2.夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
1.主题语境:人与社会——写一则短篇科幻故事
2.语篇类型:科幻小说
3.课文内容分析:本文改编自英国科幻作家赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯所著的《时间机器》。第一段讲述“我”第一次尝试启动时间机器;第二段介绍时间机器的正式启动;第三段介绍在机器加速后,“我”乘坐时间机器的各种感受;第四段重点介绍“我”在停止时间机器前的心理活动;最后一段交代“我”终于停止了机器的运行,结果跨越千年,到达未来。阅读本文,有利于学生拓宽视野,了解“时间旅行”主题在科幻作品中的意义,培养创新思维意识。
答案:1.invisible　2.fell away　3.thrown　4.the future
(　　)1.How does the Time Traveller first know he has travelled through time
A.The laboratory remains exactly as before.
B.His niece tells him.
C.He realises the time from the clock on the wall.
D.The time machine tells him.
(　　)2.Why does the Time Traveller feel strange and unpleasant during the time travel
A.The time machine has been poorly designed.
B.He is travelling through time at such a high speed.
C.He suffers from the time lag.
D.He feels the time travel sick.
(　　)3.Why is the Time Traveller worried about stopping the machine
A.Because he will lose control of the machine.
B.Because the machine will be flashed before his eyes.
C.Because the machine will become so fast that he can’t stop it.
D.Because the same space will be possessed by other things.
答案:1.C　2.B　3.D　
1.In sci-fi stories,robots often become superior and take over.
在科幻小说中,机器人通常(比人类)更胜一筹,(在各方面)占上风。
★superior adj.更好的;占优势的;(在级别或重要性上)更高的
n.上级;上司
He works well with those superior to him in the firm.
他在公司和上司合作得很好。
This kind of car is superior in quality to that.
这种汽车的质量比那一种更好。
He is a capable worker,and his superiors think highly of him.
他工作能力强,上级对他评价很高。
[备用例句]
①I am three years senior to him while you are three years junior to him.
我比他大三岁,而你比他小三岁。
②Team 1 was superior in number to Team 2.
第一队在数量上超过了第二队。
归纳拓展 be superior to 比……更好,更胜一筹;(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的 be superior in...在……方面优越 be inferior to 比……差/级别低 be senior to 比……年长/职位高 be junior to 比……年龄小/职位低
　　superior用作形容词时,本身含有“较”的意思,故不再用比较级或最高级形式。
(1)句子语法填空
①The design of this new car is superior 　　　　 that of its competitors on the market.
②This new model of robot is superior 　　 　　 task execution to other models,offering high accuracy and efficiency.
(2)完成句子
③在英语口语方面,我的发音和语调相较于其他同学来说可能有些不足。
In terms of spoken English,my pronunciation and intonation may be
　　　　　　　　　.
答案:(1)①to　②in　(2)③inferior to those of other classmates
★take over 占上风;取而代之;接管;接手
She decided that I was the ideal person to take over the job.
她认定我是接手这份工作的最佳人选。
After a long and tense negotiation,the other party finally took over in the decision-making process.
经过长时间而紧张的谈判后,对方终于在决策过程中占了上风。
归纳拓展 take off起飞;匆匆离去;脱下;迅速流行 take on呈现;雇用;承担 take up拿起;开始从事;占据(时间、空间等) take in包括;吸收;理解;欺骗;收留 take down记下;拆除
用take 的相关短语填空
①Shortly after suffering from an earthquake,the city 　　　　 　　　　 a new look.
②The house where I lived when I was a child has been 　　　　　　　　 and replaced by an office building.
③His innovative business model 　　　　　　　　 in the internet industry last year,attracting the attention of many investors.
④It was several minutes before I could 　　　　　　　　 what he had said.
⑤Although both sides were evenly matched,he successfully 　　　　　　　　 the initiative in the game with his excellent performance at the crucial moment.
答案:①took on　②taken down　③took off
④take in　⑤took over
2.A ROBOT MUST OBEY THE ORDERS GIVEN IT BY HUMAN BEINGS EXCEPT WHERE SUCH ORDERS WOULD CONFLICT WITH THE FIRST LAW.
机器人必须服从人类给它的命令,除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。
★conflict with 与……冲突或抵触
He held firm to his opinions which usually conflicted with mine.
他坚持自己的观点,而这些观点通常和我的相冲突。
The company’s goals are in conflict with the interests of its employees.
公司的目标与员工的利益相冲突。
归纳拓展 in conflict with...与……有冲突/矛盾 come into conflict with...与……产生冲突/矛盾
一句多译
马克很有礼貌,从来不与他的同学发生冲突。
①
(conflict with)
②
(come into conflict with)
③
(in conflict with)
答案:①Mark is very polite and he never conflicts with his classmates.
②Mark is very polite and he never comes into conflict with his classmates.
③Mark is very polite and he is never to be in conflict with his classmates.
3.Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
★turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
After months of hard work,my term paper turned out to be my best work yet.
经过几个月的辛勤工作,我的学期论文最终成了我目前为止最好的作品。
The teacher asked us to turn out the lights when we left the classroom.
老师要求我们离开教室时关灯。
turn up 调高(音量等);出现 turn down 调低(音量等);拒绝 turn on 打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn off 关闭(水、煤气、电灯等) turn to 求助于;致力于;翻到(书的某页);查阅;转向 turn in 上交;交还,退还
用 turn 的相关短语填空
①Mary 　　　　　　　　 the wallet that she picked up on the way home.
②When I was stuck on a writing assignment,I 　　　　　　　　 my classmates for ideas and inspiration.
③She promised to 　　　　　　　　 at the library after school,but she never did.
④Remember to 　　　　　　　　 the lights before you go to bed.
答案:①turned in　②turned to　③turn up　
④turn out/off
4.As my pace grew faster,the walls of the laboratory fell away,and I was left in the open air.
我的速度越来越快,实验室的墙壁随之坍塌,我置身野外。
◆fall away (逐渐)减少;消失
After joining a new club,her initial enthusiasm for the activities seemed to fall away quite quickly.
加入新社团后,她起初对活动的热情似乎很快就消退了。
All our doubts fell away.
我们的一切疑虑都烟消云散。
归纳拓展 fall off从……摔下(其后直接接宾语) fall apart破碎;破裂;崩溃 fall behind落后;跟不上 fall over倒下,摔倒;被……绊倒
完成句子
①Yesterday,my bike 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在去学校的路上坏了),leaving me walking in the rain.
②The athlete 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (在比赛中落后了),but he didn’t give up and kept pushing himself to catch up.
③My supporters 　　　　　　　　(逐渐减少) and I felt as if I were sitting on pins and needles.
④I dashed out of the dormitory,slipped on a banana skin and 　　　　　　　　(摔倒).
答案:①fell apart on the way to school　②fell behind in the race　③fell away　④fell over
5.I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!
我有一种强烈的欲望,想看看眼前那些随机闪现的东西!
★urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动
vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
I have a sudden urge to eat something spicy.
我突然很想吃点辣的东西。
Your progress will urge us to study hard.
你的进步会敦促我们努力学习。
Students urged that the library (should) be opened on weekends.
学生们极力主张周末图书馆应该开放。
归纳拓展 ·urge sb to do sth 敦促/催促/力劝某人做某事 urge/It is urged that...(should) do sth 极力主张……做某事(从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气) ·have an urge to有强烈的欲望做某事
完成句子
①Parents should actively

(敦促孩子利用这个机会参加户外活动).
②With the examination drawing near,our teacher urges that
(我们要更加努力学习).
③I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(有强烈的欲望) to travel to Hangzhou,a beautiful place in China.
答案:①urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to participate in outdoor activities　②we should study harder　③have a strong urge　
Although I had an urge to buy a bike,my sense of responsibility urged me to hurry home/urged that I (should) hurry home to hand in my hard-earned money to my parents.
尽管我很想买一辆自行车,但是我的责任感敦促我快点回家把我辛苦挣的钱交给父母。
1.It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台开始了其运转之旅。
◆强调句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)It’s you who make me fall in love with writing,my social studies teacher.
是你让我爱上了写作,我的社会学老师。
It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.
就是因为下大雨他才来晚了。
归纳拓展 ·强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分 ·强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was+it+that+句子其他部分 ·“not...until...” 结构的强调句型: It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+句子其他部分。
翻译句子
①正是约翰的快速反应和急救知识挽救了她的生命。
②是什么使得安迪如此成功
③直到昨天下午,他才终于完成了他的新小说。
答案:①It was John’s quick reaction and knowledge of first aid that saved her life.
②What was it that made Andy so successful
③It was not until yesterday afternoon that he finally finished his new novel.
2.Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
◆as if (=as though) 引导状语从句或表语从句
(2023·全国乙卷)Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much,but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.
室内植物看上去好像只是待在那里没有什么作用,但在很多方面它们是家里的无名英雄。
I suggest that you should stay here as if nothing had happened.
我建议你应该待在这儿,好像什么事也没有发生过。
①as if/though意为“仿佛;好像”,所引导的从句中的语气及时态如下所示。
I can remember our wedding as if it were yesterday.
我对我们的婚礼记忆犹新,就像昨天刚举办的一样。
He behaved as if nothing had happened.
他表现得若无其事。
②as if/though引导状语从句时,可进行省略。
He opened his mouth as if to say something.
他张开嘴好像要说什么。
He arrived at that very moment,as if in answer to her wish.
他就在那一刻到了,好像是在实现她的愿望。
完成句子
①There is much cloud in the sky.It 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (看起来好像要下雨).
②Don’t handle the vase 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (好像它是用钢做成的).
③Jim talked a lot about America as if he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (以前去过那里似的).
答案:①looks as if it’s going to rain
②as if it were made of steel
③had been there before
人物动作描写(手部、腿部及头部动作)
一、课文词汇
1.give...a last check最后检查一遍……
2.sit oneself in the leather seat坐在皮椅上
3.push...forwards/backwards把……往前/后推
4.look around环顾四周
5.grip sth抓紧某物
二、补充词汇
6.rub one’s eyes揉眼睛
7.tap one’s fingers on the table用手指轻轻敲着桌子
8.clap one’s hands in delight 高兴地拍起手来
9.bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
10.creep into...爬进……
11.rise to one’s feet 站起来
12.slow one’s stride 放慢脚步
13.stroll/wander in the street 在街上散步
14.scratch one’s head挠了挠头
15.rest one’s head on...把头靠在……上面
16.drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head 低下头
17.nod one’s head点头
18.wave one’s arms挥舞双臂
19.trembling legs颤抖的腿
一、课本原句
1.I gave it a last check,and sat myself in the leather seat.
我最后检查了一遍机器,然后坐在皮椅上。
2.Looking around,I saw my laboratory exactly as before.
环顾四周,我看到实验室与以前一模一样。
3.I drew a breath,gripped the lever and pushed it forwards.
我吸了一口气,一把抓住操纵杆,往前推了一下。
4.I pushed the starting lever on the main panel forwards an inch then immediately backwards again.
我把主面板上的启动杆往前推了一英寸,然后又立刻向后拉。
二、其他表达
5.Though Mike was in a bad mood,he dropped his head to hide and managed a smile.
虽然迈克心情不好,但他还是低下头来掩饰,勉强笑了笑。
6.He put the envelope in his pocket,shouldered his suit coat,and headed out across the runway.
他把信封放进口袋,西装外套搭在肩头,穿过跑道。
7.Steven ran to the door,waving his arms.However,Alice stood there,with her arms crossed,looking very angry.
史蒂文向门口跑去,挥舞着双臂。然而,艾丽丝站在那里,双臂交叉,看起来很生气。
1.看到他双手掩面哭泣,他的妈妈把手搭在他的肩膀上,试图使他平静下来。
2.突然,他摔倒了,平躺在地上。他用颤抖的双腿站了起来,拖着疲惫的双腿冲过终点线。
答案:1.Seeing him burying his face in his hands,crying,his mother placed her hand on his shoulder and tried to calm him down.
2.All of a sudden,he fell over,flat on his back.He rose to his feet on trembling legs and crossed the finishing line on tired legs.
写作专项指导
A sci-fi short story
1.文体类型:科幻故事,属于记叙文范畴,通常在丰富想象的基础上融入科学技术的发展和对人类未来的展望。
2.要点内容:(1)时光旅行者第一次乘坐时光机旅行的所见、所想、所感。(2)时光旅行者是如何停止时光机的运行来结束旅行的。
短篇科幻故事常用句式。
I often dream about time travelling.
Perhaps we will be able to...
Travel will be easier for us because...
As time goes by/With time going by,there’re going to be great changes in...
The spaceship/time machine is mainly controlled by...
Cars and buses are all computer-programmed.
Looking around,I find myself surrounded by many smart devices.
Imagine a future where time travelling is possible.We are free to travel through time to any point in history.
假设你是李华,你校校报的《英语角》栏目正在举办科幻故事征文比赛,请你用英语写一个关于飞碟的故事参加比赛。内容包括:
1.时间、地点;
2.主要情节;
3.你的感受。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
The Flying Saucer
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　adj.荒谬的;荒唐的
2.　　　　 n.梯子;阶梯
3.　　　　 n.外星人(生物);外国人
adj.陌生的;外星的;外国的
4.　　　　 adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的
5.　　　　 vt.& vi.紧握;抓紧
6.　　　　 adj.模糊的;朦胧的;困惑的
7.　　　　 n.灯;台灯
8.　　　　 n.速度;步伐;节奏
vt.& vi.确定速度;调整节奏
9.　　　　 n.强烈的欲望;冲动
vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
答案:1.absurd　2.ladder　3.alien　4.blurred　5.grip　6.hazy　7.lamp　8.pace　9.urge
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.昨晚天气很热,我无法入睡,于是我爬出帐篷,四处走动,想凉爽下来。
It was hot last night and I couldn’t 　　　　　　　　,so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to 　　　　　　　　　.
2.天空朦朦胧胧,星星也模糊不清。
The sky was 　　　　　　　　　 and the stars were 　　　　　　　　.
3.突然,一道亮光掠过天空,然后一个飞碟出现在我的帐篷附近。
Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then a flying saucer 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
4.它看起来就像我白天在书里读到的那个。
It looked just like the one in the book 　　　　　　　　 during the day.
5.我赶紧躲在一块石头后面,然后看到一个外星人从梯子上下来。
I quickly hid behind a stone and then saw an alien get down 　　　　　　　　.
6.他踱步进入我的帐篷。他出来的时候,手里握着东西。
He 　　　　　　　　　　 and walked into my tent.When he came out,something 　　
　　　　　　　　 in his hand.
7.然后那个飞碟向后飞去,飞向了天空。我立刻跑进我的帐篷,发现我的灯没了。
The flying saucer then 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.I immediately ran into my tent and found 　　　　　　　　　　　　.
8.这看起来太荒谬了。我简直不敢相信我所看到的一切。
　　　　　　　　　　　　.I couldn’t believe what I had seen.
9.我迫切想要在下一次外星人来的时候和他谈谈。
And I had an urge that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the next time the alien came.
答案:1.fall asleep; cool down　2.hazy; blurred
3.appeared near my tent　4.I had read　5.from a ladder　6.paced himself; was gripped　7.flew backwards into the sky;my lamp gone　8.It seemed so absurd　9.I should talk to him
1.用倒装句改写升级句3并用定语从句合并句3和句4。
2.用with复合结构改写升级句6,使其表达更地道。
3.用“so...that...”句式将句8的两个句子合并为一个句子。
答案:1.Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer,which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day.
2.He paced himself and walked into my tent and came out with something gripped in his hand.
3.It seemed so absurd that I couldn’t believe what I had seen.
The Flying Saucer
It was hot last night and I couldn’t fall asleep,so I crawled out of the tent and walked around to cool down.The sky was hazy and the stars were blurred.
Suddenly a bright light flashed across the sky and then near my tent appeared a flying saucer,which looked just like the one in the book I had read during the day.I quickly hid behind a stone and then saw an alien get down from a ladder.He paced himself and walked into my tent and came out with something gripped in his hand.The flying saucer then flew backwards into the sky.I immediately ran into my tent and found my lamp gone.
It seemed so absurd that I couldn’t believe what I had seen.And I had an urge that I should talk to him the next time the alien came.
　　你校英语俱乐部将举办主题为“我的时光机”的英语故事分享活动。请根据以下要点,发挥自己的想象力,用英语写一个小故事。要点如下:
1.时光机的样子与功能;
2.你乘时光机去的地方,看到的东西;
3.你的感受。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
　　One possible version:
My time machine has two buttons.One can lead to the prehistoric period and the other one can lead to the future.
One day,after I pressed the button to the future,the time machine carried me into the time tunnel.When I opened my eyes,I arrived in a brand-new floating city.In the city,many strange carriage-like small planes were floating above the ground.In this city where robots were easy to see everywhere,people were working busily at a rapid pace and AI,of course,became helpful assistants.After hanging around the city for several hours,the time machine transported me back to reality.
It sounds a little fancy but in my view,with high technology developing,our society will become more and more intelligent.
Ⅰ.重点讲义回顾
1. appointment n.预约;约会;委任;任命;职位
vt.任命;委派;指定;约定 appoint
①与某人预约/约定(做某事) have/make an appointment with sb (to do sth)
②守约 keep an/the/one’s appointment
③失约 break an/the appointment
④委派某人做某事 appoint sb to do sth
⑤导师任命她为野外旅行的组长。(应用文)
The tutor appointed her as/to be the group leader for the field trip.
2.guilty adj.内疚的;有罪的;有过失的
n.内疚;罪行;罪过 guilt
①犯有……罪 be guilty of...
②内疚感 a sense of guilt
③安迪为很长时间没去看望她的母亲而感到内疚。(读后续写)
Andy felt/was guilty about/at not visiting her mother for a long time.
3.declare vt.表明;宣称;公布
n.宣称;声明;公告 declaration
①(向……)宣战 declare war (on/against...)
②声明赞成/反对 declare for/against
③裁判宣布大卫为越野赛的获胜者。(读后续写)
The judges declared David to be/as the winner of the Cross-Country Race.
4.urge n.强烈的欲望;冲动
vt.催促;力劝;大力推荐
adj.紧急的;急迫的 urgent
①敦促/催促/力劝某人做某事 urge sb to do sth
②有强烈的欲望做某事 have an urge to
③坚决主张我们学生应该经常锻炼,以保持身体健康和精力充沛。(应用文)
It is urged that we students should take regular exercise to keep fit and energetic.
5.turn out 关掉;熄灭;在场;使朝外;结果是
①调高(音量等);出现 turn up
②打开(水、煤气、电灯等) turn on
③上交;交还,退还 turn in
④结果证明,小小的善举能产生很大的影响。(读后续写)
It turned out that a small kind act could make a great difference.
Ⅱ.重点句型回顾
1.他看着不太像机器,而更像一个真人。
He seemed more like a human than a machine.
句式仿写
当朱迪的女儿对她说谎时,与其说她生气倒不如说她伤心。
Judy was more sad than angry when her daughter lied to her.
2.克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬,但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直,并且开始信任他。
Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot,but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him.
句式仿写
很显然,我们在人工智能方面取得了长足的进步。
It is obvious that we have made great progress in artificial intelligence.
3.她转过身来,却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。
As she turned around,there stood Gladys Claffern.
句式仿写
在教室的前面有一棵硕果累累的大树。
There stands a big tree full of fruit in front of the classroom.
4.今天上午十点,所有时间机器中的第一台开始了其运转之旅。
It was at ten o’clock today that the first of all Time Machines began its career.
句式仿写
正是这次摘果子的经历我才认识到了劳动的重要性。
It was through this fruit-picking experience that I realised the importance of labour.
5.夜幕降临了,仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭,转眼间,白昼就来临了。
Night came as if a lamp was being turned out,and in another moment came the day.
句式仿写
他们在校园节日音乐会上演奏,就好像这是他们最后的演出一样,全身心投入每一个音符。
They played at the school festival concert as if it were their last performance,putting their heart and soul into every note.
Ⅲ.重点语法回顾
1.掌握常用时态的被动语态形式
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 shall/will be done或am/is/are going to be done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
过去将来时 should/would be done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
将来完成时 will have been done
2.在“need、want、require、deserve等+doing”的结构中,用主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
3.动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间为动宾关系,且和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
4.在某些以“形容词+不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,常用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
课时作业(二)　UNIT 1　Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Put a 　　　　 (手帕) over your mouth when you sneeze.
2.We encourage the students to work at their own 　　　　 (节奏).
3.　　　　 (随机的) factors may affect the outcome of the experiment.
4.The job will require you to use all your skills to the 　　　　 (最大限度).
5.The balloon 　　　　 (爆炸) because the internal air pressure was too high.
6.Sadly,his 　　　　 (无行动;不采取措施) led to the failure of the project.
7.Although 　　　　 (劳动) can be tiring,seeing the fruits of one’s efforts makes everything worthwhile.
答案:1.handkerchief　2.pace　3.Random
4.maximum　5.exploded　6.inaction　7.labour
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.When he grows up,he will take 　　　　 the company from his father.
2.I was prevented from going to the concert by 　　　　 (urge) business.
3.There is much 　　　　 on the 　　　　 path after the heavy rain.(mud)
4.There is not a sharp 　　　　 (divide) between these two activities.
5.His second book turned out 　　　　 (be) a runaway best-seller.
6.Not knowing which book is suitable for him,the boy took one　　　　 random.
7.His point of view came 　　　　 conflict with mine.
8.It cannot be questioned that the new method is superior 　　　　 every respect to the old one.
9.We were watching a horror movie,and suddenly a loud 　　　　 (explode) frightened all of us.
10.It was when I got back to my apartment 　　　　 I first came across my new neighbours.
答案:1.over　2.urgent　3.mud;muddy　4.division
5.to be　6.at　7.into　8.in　9.explosion　10.that
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.在你做这个决定之前,你最好分析一下利弊。(pros and cons)
2.他打电话给他的助手丽莎,让她在他出差期间接管他的工作。(take over)
3.看到我的朋友们都在学习新技能,我也很想尝试学习一些新东西。(have an urge to)
4.昨晚的聚会非常成功,大家都玩得很开心。(turn out)
5.在准备期末考试时,我的学习计划和社团活动的时间产生了冲突。(conflict with)
答案:1.You’d better think about the pros and cons before you make the decision.
2.He called his assistant Lisa and asked her to take over his job during his business trip.
3.Seeing my friends learning new skills,I also have an urge to try learning something new.
4.The party last night turned out to be a great success,and everyone had a wonderful time.
5.While preparing for the final exams,my study plan conflicted with the time for club activities.
Ⅳ.句子语法填空
1.Through constant practice,his English speaking ability 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (improve) greatly recently.
2.A Chinese Painting Exhibition 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (hold) in this local city next Saturday.
3.The exam 　　　　　　　　 (take) by all the students yesterday.
4.By the end of the term,all the textbooks 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　 (distribute) to the students.
5.The seats in the lecture hall 　　　　　　　　　　　　 (book) before we arrived.
答案:1.has been improved　2.will be held　3.was taken　4.will have been distributed　5.had been booked
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are,we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to.At a certain point,we will build machines that are smarter than we are.Once we have machines that are smarter than we are,they will begin to improve themselves.The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are.And the slightest divergence (分歧) between their goals and our own could destroy us.
Just think about how we relate to ants.We don’t hate them.We don’t go out of our way to harm them.In fact,sometimes we take pains not to harm them.We step over them on the sidewalk.But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals,we will kill them without hesitation.The concern is that we will one day build machines that,whether they’re conscious or not,could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines.We have problems that we desperately need to solve.So we will do this if we can.The train is already out of the station,and there’s no brake to pull.If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are,they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine,and transcend us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of super-intelligent AI that has no safety concerns.This machine would be the perfect labour-saving device.It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight,more or less for the cost of raw materials.So we’re talking about the end of human labour.We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work.So what would apes like ourselves do in these circumstances
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence,we have to admit that we are in the process of building a being of transcendent power.Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a being of supernatural force we can live with.
(　　)1.Why does the author mention ants in Paragraph 2
A.To compare intelligent machines to ants.
B.To show improved machines will get away from us.
C.To stress the presence of machines does conflict with our goals.
D.To explain future intelligent machines could treat us without mercy.
(　　)2.What does the underlined word “transcend” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Disable. B.Inspire.
C.Disappoint. D.Outpace.
(　　)3.How is the passage mainly developed
A.By making comparisons.
B.By giving assumptions.
C.By showing valid evidence.
D.By analysing statistics.
(　　)4.Which of the following statements can best summarise the author’s viewpoint towards AI
A.Human beings will no doubt be destroyed by AI in the future.
B.Super-intelligent AI will put an end to human labour eventually.
C.We should keep the development of AI within humans’ control.
D.Human beings should stop the development of super-intelligent AI.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了人类应该把人工智能的发展控制在人类的可控范围之内。
答案及剖析:
1.D　推理判断题。第二段内容提到我们平时对待蚂蚁的态度是尽量不伤害它们,而当蚂蚁的存在和我们的目标严重冲突时,我们会毫不犹豫地杀死它们。作者拿我们与蚂蚁之间的关系类比我们未来制造的智能机器与我们之间的关系,可推知是为了解释未来的智能机器对待我们也会毫不留情。故选D。
2.D　猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句的前半部分“If we build...in ways that we can’t imagine”可知,当机器人比我们更聪明时,它们很可能会以我们无法想象的方式进化,and表示递进,所以画线词所在句的后半部分应是指“以我们无法想象的方式超越我们”。故选D。
3.B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句、第三段最后一句以及第四段第一句可知,本文主要是通过给出假设来展开叙述的。故选B。
4.C　推理判断题。根据第三段前三句以及最后一段最后一句可推知,人类还是会继续研发在人类可控范围内的人工智能机器。故选C。
B
If there is one thing we can conclusively say about Isaac Asimov,it’s that he could write.His body of work extends to over 500 books.To add to that,he was never bound to a specific field.Although he was very famous as a science fiction writer,he also published on many more topics.
Part of this related to his gifted mind,but a bigger part was that he was well-educated.Many tend to think of being educated as the degrees we earn.Asimov did have a good degree,but his real education was broader than that.It was deeper than what he learnt from instruction.It was his curiosity and his drive to push himself that took him from a young immigrant to maybe one of the most beloved US authors.As a young kid,he spent his days lost in his mind asking questions and creating imaginary worlds.He read books,and he loved knowledge.
In his autobiography It’s Been a Good Life,Asimov tells a story about an encounter he had as a child when his father asked him a question:“How did you learn all this,Isaac ” “From you,Pappa,” Asimov said.“From me I don’t know any of this.” “You didn’t have to,Pappa,” he said.“You valued learning and you taught me to value it.Once I learnt to value it,the rest came without trouble.” The mark of educated minds has nothing to do with how much they know.It has everything to do with the way they know and the way they go about knowing.
Also,one thing that many people don’t know about Isaac Asimov is that he actually wasn’t a full-time writer for most of his life.By personal choice,his day-job was as a chemist.One of the things that many polymaths (博学者) naturally do is to explore a broad range of non-fiction topics.But something they tend to overlook is the knowledge they can obtain from fiction.Before Asimov fell in love with science,he was already attracted by fiction.It was his love of Greek myth and his reading of 18th and 19th-century classics that led him to become a great writer.
(　　)5.What is Isaac Asimov according to the passage
A.A beloved US chemist.
B.A full-time fiction author.
C.A productive sci-fi writer.
D.A knowledgeable educator.
(　　)6.What can we learn from Asimov’s father from the childhood encounter
A.He loved teaching Asimov knowledge.
B.He explored unknown fields with Asimov.
C.He rescued Asimov from trouble.
D.He taught Asimov to value learning.
(　　)7.Which of the following might the author agree with
A.A good degree reflects one’s real education level.
B.Polymaths tend to dislike Greek myth.
C.The way to learn is more important than knowledge itself.
D.Non-fiction is not worth reading if one is to become a writer.
(　　)8.What is the purpose of this passage
A.To analyse the reasons behind Asimov’s success as a writer.
B.To introduce Asimov’s childhood and his achievements.
C.To emphasise the contributions Asimov has made.
D.To call on the readers to buy Asimov’s books.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了艾萨克·阿西莫夫能成为一名著名的科幻作家的原因。
答案及剖析:
5.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,艾萨克·阿西莫夫有超过500部作品。由此可知,艾萨克·阿西莫夫是一位多产的科幻作家。故选C。
6.D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可推断出,他的爸爸教会了他重视学习。故选D。
7.C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后两句可知,受过教育的人的标志与其所掌握的知识的多少无关,而与他们获取知识的方式和过程有关。由此可知,作者认为学习方法比知识本身更重要。故选C。
8.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第二、第三、第四段分别介绍了艾萨克·阿西莫夫成功的三个原因。由此可知,本文主要分析的是艾萨克·阿西莫夫能够成为一名成功的科幻作家的原因。故选A。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Talk to a robot About my anxious feelings Okay,I’ll give it a go.
Nowadays,more and more people are 　1　 artificial intelligence(AI)to help them solve problems and ask questions.But what about health 　2　,it’s very important to trust in a robot.
My mother has a serious 　3　 and I have a full-time job.Often the 　4　 about my mother’s coming death kept me awake at night.I felt 　5　 but could not fall asleep.
However,because I work in the mental health field,I’ve heard about a tool
　6　 by a team of scientists—Woebot.I loved the idea of texting my feelings at 9 pm—a time that was 　7　 for me.I didn’t have to schedule anything at 9 pm.
Woebot learns from your 　8　.It uses Cognitive Behavioral Therapy(CBT认知行为疗法)to monitor your moods and learn strategies to 　9　 you when you are in trouble.It asks you how you’re feeling and 　10　 therapy for you.
Surprisingly,Woebot sent me a 　11　 every day.It used a variety of CBT techniques but most frequently we looked at three 　12　 thoughts I was having and helped me reframe (重构) them.Woebot also used emojis,pictures,videos and links to
　13　 a point.
I do feel 　14　 for having got some of these thoughts out.Although I don’t need to use Woebot every day anymore,it’s a healthy mechanism (机制) for me to
　15　 when I need it.
(　　)1.A.refusing B.accepting
C.forcing D.teaching
(　　)2.A.Obviously B.Fortunately
C.Surprisingly D.Interestingly
(　　)3.A.mind B.attitude
C.illness D.shortcoming
(　　)4.A.opinion B.doubt
C.knowledge D.anxiety
(　　)5.A.relaxed B.shocked
C.unsatisfied D.tired
(　　)6.A.created B.found
C.copied D.borrowed
(　　)7.A.busy B.exciting
C.convenient D.valuable
(　　)8.A.voices B.moves
C.responses D.actions
(　　)9.A.help B.persuade
C.inform D.remind
(　　)10.A.checks B.collects
C.tests D.provides
(　　)11.A.record B.message
C.picture D.letter
(　　)12.A.negative B.useful
C.positive D.useless
(　　)13.A.replace B.explain
C.review D.deny
(　　)14.A.sadder B.better
C.worse D.weaker
(　　)15.A.have a head for B.keep an eye on
C.lend a hand to D.fall back on
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者使用机器人Woebot的体验。
答案及剖析:
1.B　根据语境及句意可知,此处表达的是,现在越来越多的人正接受(accepting)人工智能来帮助他们解决难题和提出问题。故选B。
2.A　根据下文叙述的机器人Woebot对作者在健康方面的帮助可知,此处强调显而易见的是(Obviously)人工智能在帮助人类解决健康问题方面的重要性。故选A。
3.C　由下文中的my mother’s coming death可推断出,作者的母亲生了重病(illness)。故选C。
4.D　由空后的my mother’s coming death及常识可知,作者的母亲生了重病且即将离世,这给作者带来的应是焦虑(anxiety)。故选D。
5.D　由上文中的kept me awake at night可知,作者应是感到疲倦(tired),但在晚上却无法入睡。故选D。
6.A　由上下文语境可知,这里的工具是指机器人Woebot,而它应是由科学家“创造(created)”的。故选A。
7.C　由上文中的at 9 pm及下文中的“I didn’t have to schedule anything at 9 pm.”可以推断出,晚上九点对于作者来说应是方便的(convenient)。故选C。
8.C　由下文的“It asks you how you’re feeling...”可以推断出,Woebot会向作者提出心情方面的问题,并会根据作者的回答(responses)帮助作者解决问题。故选C。
9.A　由上文的“...to help them solve problems and ask questions”以及下文中的“when you are in trouble”可知,这里表达的是,Woebot用认知行为疗法监控情绪并学习策略,以便在你身陷困境时帮助(help)你。故选A。
10.D　由空后的therapy可知,空处应用provide表示“提供疗法”。provide sth for sb意为“为某人提供某物”。故选D。
11.B　由第四段中的“I loved the idea of texting my feelings at 9 pm.”可以推断出,Woebot是通过发送信息(message)与作者互动交流的。故选B。
12.A　由上文对作者心理状态的描述以及本句中的helped me reframe (重构) them可以推断出,Woebot和作者一起审视三个消极的(negative)想法,并帮助作者重构这些想法。故选A。
13.B　由上下文语境可知,本句表达的是,Woebot还使用表情符号、图片、视频和链接来“解释(explain)”某个要点。故选B。
14.B　由空后的for having got some of these thoughts out可以推断出,作者把一些想法说出来后应是确实感觉好多了。B项符合此处的语境。故选B。
15.D　由上文可知,作者通过和Woebot互动来解决自己的问题。所以此处表达的是,“虽然我不再需要每天使用Woebot,但它是一种健康的机制,可以让我在需要它时寻求(fall back on)帮助”。故选D。
Ⅲ.写作训练
假设英文报社正在举行科幻小说大赛,请你以“My time train trip to the year 2065”为话题,用英语写一篇短文参赛。要点如下:
1.乘时光火车旅行的过程;
2.旅行中所见的景象。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
[写作指导]
　　One possible version:
“Ladies and gentlemen,the time train has arrived at the terminal!”Hearing the announcement,I got off the train.I turned around,only to find a robot waving to me.He offered to show me around the city in 2065.
After I stepped out of the train station,many crossed air lanes came into view.The new traffic system was put into place by using advanced technology.
Then we went to a restaurant.The robot came to scan my body to provide me with food that suited me most.How fantastic!
After that,I visited some factories and supermarkets.Eventually I took the time train to come back to reality.
核心素养提升(UNIT 1)
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第一部分　听力 (共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(　　)1.What is the weather probably like this weekend
A.Sunny. B.Snowy.
C.Rainy.
(　　)2.What did Jim do
A.He went to buy something.
B.He went out for a walk.
C.He went to the market.
(　　)3.What does Maggie think of her job
A.Quite dangerous.
B.A bit boring.
C.Very interesting.
(　　)4.Why will the man go to New York City
A.To see an exhibition.
B.To learn about art.
C.To go on business.
(　　)5.What are the speakers talking about
A.Borrowing some books.
B.Signing up for a library card.
C.Finding some materials at the library.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
(　　)6.Where probably are the two speakers
A.In a hotel. B.In a shop.
C.In a bank.
(　　)7.How does the woman feel at last
A.Angry.
B.Satisfied.
C.Sorry.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
(　　)8.What did the woman have
A.Fried fish and cheesecake.
B.Fried fish and salad.
C.Steak and salad.
(　　)9.What did the woman think of the price of her meal
A.High.
B.Reasonable.
C.Low.
听第8段材料,回答第10～12题。
(　　)10.What’s the possible relationship between the speakers
A.Classmates. B.Friends.
C.Neighbours.
(　　)11.How long has the woman lived in America
A.For about six months.
B.For about six years.
C.For about sixteen years.
(　　)12.Where does the man work
A.In a company.
B.At a college.
C.In a bank.
听第9段材料,回答第13～16题。
(　　)13.Which day is the busiest for Marcus
A.Saturday. B.Sunday.
C.Monday.
(　　)14.Why does Marcus work 39 hours a week
A.To help his parents.
B.To pay for his tuition fees.
C.To pay for his own living expenses.
(　　)15.What does Marcus want to be
A.A teacher. B.A physicist.
C.A scientist.
(　　)16.What will the speakers do
A.Have dinner.
B.Have some coffee.
C.Study in the library.
听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。
(　　)17.What is MSG sometimes called
A.The Square. B.The Garden.
C.The Madison.
(　　)18.When was the second MSG built
A.In 1890. B.In 1925.
C.In 1968.
(　　)19.Why was the third MSG torn down
A.It had no roof.
B.It didn’t make any money.
C.It was only suitable for one sport.
(　　)20.What famous event took place in 1972 in MSG
A.A speech. B.A concert.
C.A boxing match.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
W:Did you check the weather for this week,Robert
M:Yes,I did,Laura.Everything will be fine tomorrow.But it looks like it will rain this weekend.
(Text 2)
M:Hello,Sally.This is Dave Johnson.Could I speak to Jim,please
W:I am afraid he’s not in at the moment.He went to the shop an hour ago and he has not come back yet.
(Text 3)
M:I just can’t believe you’re a police officer,Maggie.Isn’t it a dangerous job
W:No,it isn’t.Right now all I do is writing traffic tickets.It is anything but interesting.
(Text 4)
W:Will you get any time to visit New York City while you’re there
M:I’m going to be in meetings on both days and I’ll only be free on Saturday morning before the flight leaves.
W:Well,if you have a couple of hours you really should see the new exhibition at the Museum of Art.
(Text 5)
M:I’m sorry,but I forgot my library card.Can I give you my name and phone number instead
W:Yes,that’s fine.I can look up your information on the computer.But you can only borrow three books at a time,I’m afraid.You’ll have to put two back.
第二节
(Text 6)
W:Could I see the manager,please I have a complaint to make.
M:Yes,I’m the manager here.What can I do for you,Madam
W:Did you have the room checked before I moved in
M:Which room are you in
W:1808.The TV set doesn’t work properly and the water doesn’t run in the shower.
M:I’m really sorry to hear that.We’ll change your room to 2002.
W:That’s not bad.Thanks for your help.
M:It’s my pleasure,Madam.
(Text 7)
M:Well,that meal was OK.I can’t manage a dessert cheesecake.How was your fried fish,Anna
W:It was quite nice though it could have been hotter.I’m not sure that salad went with it,either.I’d have preferred some cooked vegetables.Yours looked really good,with your steak.
M:Yeah—they would’ve been a much better combination with your meal.Maybe we should have exchanged—I like salad with steak.Anyway,it was a pretty reasonable price.
W:Yours was—mine was a bit much,I think.
(Text 8)
M:Hello!
W:Oh,hi!
M:Please allow me to introduce myself.My name is Tom.
W:Pleased to meet you.My name is Alice.Did you just move in next door
M:Yes,I did.Have you lived here long
W:Me I guess so.I’ve lived here for about six years.Have you lived in America very long
M:No,not really.After I came to America I lived with a cousin in Dallas for two years.Where do you work,Alice
W:I teach mathematics at a college.What do you do
M:I am an accountant at a company.
W:Well,Tom.It’s good to meet you.I have to go now.
M:It’s nice meeting you too,Alice.
(Text 9)
W:Marcus,you look exhausted.Are you still doing part-time jobs
M:Yes.I work 39 hours a week at Sainsbury’s.I work from 8 am until 10 pm on Saturdays and Sundays.But Monday is the most occupied day for me.
W:No wonder you look tired.Why not change to a more relaxing job
M:I can earn over 100 pounds a day just by putting the goods on the shelves.And you know I have to make my ends meet.
W:I know.What’s your plan for the future
M:My dream is to do an MA in physics next year and then get a job in a school.
W:But right now,you should just be focused on trying to get the best grades as possible as you can.
M:You’re right.Would you like to go to the cafe near the library with me
W:Of course.I think you have to force yourself to stay awake.
(Text 10)
There are over ten professional sports teams in the state of New York,and many of them play in famous stadiums.The most famous is Madison Square Garden.The building is sometimes referred to as “MSG” or “The Garden”,and it is home to the New York Knicks basketball team.Interestingly,MSG has been rebuilt on three separate occasions.The first was built in 1879,but it was eventually torn down because it had no roof,making it inconvenient to use in bad weather.Eleven years later,a second MSG was built,costing about three million dollars,but it never made enough money to keep going.In 1925,yet another MSG was built for around five million dollars.It was primarily built to host boxing events,so the seating was not suitable for other sports.Eventually,that too was torn down.And in 1968,the current Madison Square Garden was built,which has cost at least one billion dollars over the years.Many memorable moments have played out at “The Garden” in its amazing history.American rock-and-roll legend Elvis Presley gave performances in 1972.Boxer Muhammad Ali fought Joe Frazier in “The Fight of the Century”.And it was even visited by Pope John Paul Ⅱ in 1979.
答案:1～5　CABCA　6～10　ABBAC
11～15　BACCA　16～20　BBACB
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Robots are known as the future of technology.Robotics technology has just landed in the workplace and there is a lot of work to do.Below we’ll discuss some of the best and most advanced robots ever made by humans.
Asimo
The primary focus of the robot is to help people.Asimo travels all around the world,making people aware how robots can make life easier and help humans.It can dance,run and even kick a soccer ball.The robot can communicate with people in three different languages including Japanese,Chinese and English.
Created in Japan.
Sophia
It is a realistic example of a perfect robot because it has more than 60 different facial expressions just like humans.Sophia is primarily designed for education,research and entertainment.It travels throughout the world explaining to people the importance of robots in human life.
Created in China.
Atlas
Its body shape is so dynamic that it can use its all body skills to move quickly and balance itself on diverse terrains (地形).The robot is capable of performing many different tasks but some favourite tasks are running,jumping and turnover movements.Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers and negotiating through diverse terrains.
Created in the United States.
Spot
Spot is an animal robot,or say a dog robot,because it looks very similar to a dog.Spot can search around your office,home,playground etc.as a normal dog usually does.Spot has some outstanding functions like it can map your environment,sense barriers,lift packages and more.
Created in the United States.
(　　)21.Which of the following characterises Asimo
A.Its high speed.
B.Its facial expressions.
C.Its language ability.
D.Its communication skills.
(　　)22.Which robot is created in China
A.Asimo. B.Sophia.
C.Atlas. D.Spot.
(　　)23.What do Atlas and Spot have in common
A.They can change their body shapes.
B.They can carry small packages.
C.They can help do some housework.
D.They can detect barriers around.
语篇导读:本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了目前人类发明的一些最先进的机器人。
答案及剖析:
21.C　细节理解题。根据Asimo部分中的“The robot can communicate...and English.”可知,Asimo与其他机器人的不同之处在于它的语言能力。故选C。
22.B　细节理解题。根据Sophia部分中的“Created in China.”可知,Sophia由中国发明。故选B。
23.D　细节理解题。根据Atlas部分中的“Its advanced AI systems make it capable of seeing barriers”和Spot部分中的“Spot has some outstanding functions...lift packages and more.”可知,Atlas和Spot的相同之处在于都能探测周围的障碍物。故选D。
B
Science fiction pioneer and writer Wu Yan won the National Outstanding
Children’s Literature Award for his work China Orbit.The book focuses on the development of the Chinese aerospace (航空航天) industry,and it was inspired by the planning and preparation for China’s first but cancelled manned spacecraft,“Shuguang 1”,also known as Project 714,during the late 1960s and the early 1970s.
“I collected many historical documents and stories and started writing decades ago,” Wu remembered.Partly based on Wu’s own experiences in the 1970s,the book is a combination of reality and fiction,and in some ways his own memoir (回忆录) was added into the science fiction.This innovative and unique writing method makes the book stand out and has even stirred up a debate on how to categorise it.Is it science fiction,popular science,children’s literature,or aerospace literature
His fellow science fiction writer Liu Cixin,author of The Three-Body Problem,sees it more deeply,and believes China Orbit is not really children’s science fiction or popular science.He thinks it is too complicated to be classed under a single category.He speaks highly of China Orbit as a unique science fiction that vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military camp of a specific era.
In Wu’s opinion,China is a big market for children’s science fiction,but it still lacks extraordinary works.He warned people not to try to earn quick money from it after The Three-Body Problem frenzy and movie blockbuster The Wandering Earth because Chinese science fiction still has a long way to go.“We need to build Chinese science fiction step by step,with an accumulation (积累) of really great works.We need to innovate,and treat it as part of building China’s new culture,” Wu said.
(　　)24.What is the book China Orbit mainly about
A.The space industry in China.
B.The introduction to Project 714.
C.Stories about Chinese outstanding astronauts.
D.Preparations for China’s first manned spacecraft.
(　　)25.What is Wu’s approach to writing China Orbit
A.He organises the writing by time.
B.He tells the story in the form of debate.
C.He focuses on creating the role of children.
D.He combines his personal experiences with fiction.
(　　)26.What is Liu Cixin’s attitude to China Orbit
A.Doubtful. B.Unclear.
C.Favourable. D.Tolerant.
(　　)27.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.China Orbit has great commercial value.
B.Chinese science movies are of poor quality.
C.Innovation is crucial to Chinese science fiction.
D.Wu Yan is disappointed at the Chinese film market.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了作家吴岩凭借《中国轨道号》获得了全国优秀儿童文学奖,文章围绕这部儿童科幻作品,说明中国儿童科幻小说存在的问题和努力的方向。
答案及剖析:
24.A　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知,《中国轨道号》这本书聚焦中国航空航天事业的发展。故选A。
25.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二、第三句可知,吴岩将自己的回忆录写进科幻小说中。故选D。
26.C　推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句可知,刘慈欣认为《中国轨道号》是一部独特的科幻小说,对其大加赞许。故选C。
27.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,吴岩认为,我们需要一步一步地建设中国科幻小说,将不断创新视为建设中国新文化的一部分。故选C。
C
Movie fans would be familiar with the good relationship between humans and droids (机器人) in the movies.In a movie,a man risked his life to rescue his copilot,a female droid.In real life,a humanoid robot,Sophia,has recently been granted (给予) citizenship in Saudi Arabia.Increasingly,people are ready to see robots are more like humans.Given this phenomenon,I believe it is necessary to consider giving robots certain rights humans enjoy.
Experts have argued that since robots have now acquired human-like qualities,it is appropriate to consider if they should have rights just as humans.Sophia has a human-like face and utilises artificial intelligence to respond to speech and express emotions.For such a lifelike being that is potentially capable of expressing emotions,does it not deserve the right to be loved and respected
Robots should also be given legal and moral protection as harming a robot may be similar to harming a human.Since people tend to form attachments to social robots,it becomes possible for companies to control the hardware and software to exploit this emotional attachment.There is a danger that data that is stored in the robot could be uploaded to the cloud.There would then possibly be situations in which the government or private sector retrieves(检索)the information stored in a robotic toy or social robot.With these uncertainties,it is clear why robots should be protected,just as humans.
An even more irresistible reason to grant human rights to the robots is the protection of societal values.We should stop a young child from kicking or tearing a toy robot apart because it resembles a real person.Giving robots certain rights will ensure that societal standards are set.
Still,many have roundly argued that no matter how sophisticated(老练的)they may be,robots are still machines.It is therefore quite ridiculous to treat them as living beings and grant them rights.However,with the advancement in technology,it is a matter of time before robots are fully anthropomorphised(赋予人性),and we would have to consider granting them rights.
In conclusion,deciding whether robots deserve human rights is by no means an easy task,but now is the time to start the conversation on this and seriously consider the possibility.
(　　)28.Why does the author mention the two examples in the first paragraph
A.To remind readers of the importance of robots.
B.To discuss the necessity of rescuing robots.
C.To set readers thinking about an issue about robots.
D.To describe the relationship between humans and robots.
(　　)29.What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A.Robots should be legally and morally protected.
B.There is possible information risk.
C.Humans are doing harm to robots.
D.Robots should be given more emotional attachment.
(　　)30.What’s the author’s attitude towards granting robots human rights
A.Doubtful. B.Favourable.
C.Negative. D.Uncaring.
(　　)31.What’s the structure of the passage
A.①—②③④⑤—⑥
B.①②—③④⑤—⑥
C.①—②③—④⑤⑥
D.①—②③④—⑤⑥
语篇导读:本文是议论文。文章论述了我们应该给予机器人人权的观点。
答案及剖析:
28.C　推理判断题。第一段最后两句谈到,人们越来越愿意看到机器人更像人类。鉴于这种现象,作者认为有必要考虑给予机器人人类享有的某些权利。结合下文列举的应该给予机器人人权的原因可推知,第一段提到的两个例子是为了引起读者对机器人问题的思考。故选C。
29.A　段落大意题。第三段第一句谈到,机器人也应该得到法律和道德上的保护,因为伤害机器人可能相当于伤害人类。并且第三段后面几句说明了原因,由此可知,本段主要表达了机器人应该受到法律和道德上的保护。故选A。
30.B　推理判断题。倒数第二段最后一句提到,随着技术的进步,机器人完全被赋予人性只是时间问题,我们必须考虑赋予它们权利。最后一段提到,决定机器人是否应该享有人权绝不是一件容易的事,但现在到了开始谈论这个问题并认真考虑该可能性的时候了。由此可推知,作者对给予机器人人权持支持态度。故选B。
31.A　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章第一段提出本文论点——有必要考虑赋予机器人人权;第二到第五段为给予机器人人权的理由;最后一段总结全文。因此文章是“①—②③④⑤—⑥”的“总分总”结构。故选A。
D
There is a profound relationship between science fiction and science.It is often said that stories change the world,and what is less often heard is that stories change science,and therefore the future.
The use of science fiction to explore our world is similar to scenario (可能发生的事) planning in future’s studies,which shapes our ideas about the future,and goes beyond predicting artifacts that once seemed impossible for us like
Verne’s submarine or the satellites of 2001:A Space Odyssey.
In the words of Dutch researcher Sofia Kaloterakis,“Science fiction narratives structure our imaginative models about techno-scientific projects such as robotics or space exploration.”Have you ever wondered how science fiction novels have impacted the idea we have about artificial intelligence or how Snow Crash,Neal Stephenson’s novel,has impacted what we now call the metaverse(元宇宙)
Science fiction helps us define possible futures.It provides us with an understanding of the rules behind fictional worlds.It also allows us to put technological prototypes (原型) in the context of their use by humans.But most importantly,it determines the way we structure scientific thoughts and intervene (干预) in the future.
Alex McDowell,creator of Minority Report,and Peter von Stackelberg explain what fictional narratives can bring to the table:
The richness of “storyworlds”—the “universes” within which stories take place—provides us with detailed rules of the context in which a larger reality unfolds that extends beyond a single story,and has the potential to provide us with deeper learning about the underlying systems that regulate those worlds.
Lastly,the relationship between future narratives and theories such as social constructivism has been highlighted by several scholars.A central idea of this sociological theory is that whenever we use words or other symbols to refer to objects in our world,we are constructing them.And,therefore,prediction is also a social construction. In narration,we intervene in the world.In narrating the world,we construct it.In writing science fiction,we intervene in the science of the future.
(　　)32.What is the text mainly about
A.The storyworlds created by science fiction.
B.Artifacts and technologies in science fiction.
C.Science fiction narratives affect future’s studies.
D.The relation between science and science fiction.
(　　 )33.What is the most important role of science fiction according to Paragraph 4
A.It provides us with technologies and tools.
B.It allows us to establish a reasonable future.
C.It helps us learn the rules of fictional worlds.
D.It decides our thinking and affects the future.
(　　)34.What do we know about “storyworlds”
A.There are general rules for a single story.
B.They have a potential context within a story.
C.There are no regulations or guiding systems.
D.They are the “universes” where stories happen.
(　　)35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Scholars care little about narratives about the future.
B.The science of the future intervenes in today’s science.
C.Science fiction narratives can construct the future world.
D.Objects are hard to be constructed by words or symbols.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章讲述了科幻故事会影响未来。
答案及剖析:
32.C　主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句、第二段内容、第四段第一句以及最后一段最后一句可知,文章主要阐述了科幻故事会影响未来。故选C。
33.D　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,最重要的是,它决定了我们构建科学思想和干预未来的方式。即科幻小说最重要的作用是它决定我们的思维并影响未来。故选D。
34.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The richness of...stories take place—provides us with...”可知,“故事世界”是故事发生的“宇宙”。故选D。
35.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In narration,we intervene...of the future.”可知,在叙述时,我们介入了世界。在叙述世界时,我们构建了世界。在写科幻小说时,我们介入了未来的科学。由此可推知,科幻叙事可以构建未来世界。故选C。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面的短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Man Who Could See the Future
The ability to predict the future is a rare talent.American author Isaac Asimov(19201992),one of the greatest science fiction writers of his age,had such a talent.36.　　　 Now that we’re here,let’s see what he got right.
37.　　　 Asimov presumed computers would cause a revolution comparable to the Industrial Revolution.Specifically,he said that“mobile computerised objects” would be an important part of everyday life.Here,he clearly predicted our world of smartphones,tablets and other devices.He also had a great deal to say about space exploration.38.　　　
How did Asimov develop his special sense of future developments 39.　　　 He read the newspapers and magazines sold in his parents’ candy store.His scientific interest gained sharper focus at Columbia University in the City of New York.Asimov went to study chemistry,but became bored with the pure laboratory science.Instead,he thought hard about the social implications (影响) of science.He wanted to communicate his ideas to the public.
40.　　　 Asimov had his finger on the pulse of both scientific and social change.He had a clear vision of what was around the corner for humanity in his works like the Galactic Empire series.
A.As a smart boy,Asimov taught himself to read at the age of five.
B.Space exploration can really make our lives more convenient and comfortable.
C.Back in 1983,he was asked to predict what the world would look like in 2019.
D.On the role that computers would play in the future,his prediction was amazingly accurate.
E.Asimov had developed a great interest in computer programming since childhood.
F.As an author,his books would feature the theme of social change caused by technology.
G.The International Space Station proves his prediction that we would not simply visit space but seek to stay there.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章讲述了科幻大师阿西莫夫预言的准确性。
答案及剖析:
36.C　由空前句可知,美国作家艾萨克·阿西莫夫是他所处的时代中最伟大的科幻作家之一,他有预测未来的天赋;再根据空后句可推知,空处在本段中起到承上启下的作用。C项符合语境。故选C。
37.D　由该空所在位置判断此处应填入本段的主旨句。由空后句可知,阿西莫夫推测计算机将引发一场可与工业革命相比的革命。根据第一段可知,第二段叙述阿西莫夫预测的事情,D项与本段内容相符,符合语境。故选D。
38.G　由空前句可知,阿西莫夫也对太空探索进行了很多预测,所以空处要继续谈论他预言的结果。G项与太空探索话题相关,而且是预测的事情,符合语境。故选G。
39.A　由空后句可知,阿西莫夫读了在他父母的糖果店出售的报纸和杂志。A项与空后句都在讲阅读,衔接紧密,符合语境。故选A。
40.F　由该空所在位置判断此处应填入本段的主旨句。由下文可知,阿西莫夫能把握科学和社会变革的脉搏。他在《银河帝国》等作品中清楚地预见了人类即将面临的事情。F项作为本段主旨句最为合适。故选F。
第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面的短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
　　I was an obsessive (痴迷的) lover of books who would read at two am and polish off chapter books in kindergarten.In grammar school,I 　41　 my way through the huge amount of books in the library,gradually getting less picky (挑剔的) as the options 　42　.However,what I wanted to read was science fiction.It was 　43　 to find.A sixth-grade teacher lent me a copy of Watership Down,which was a(n)
　44　 experience.
Unluckily,I was sick.My symptoms (症状) were odd,and no one really knew what my 　45　 was.I grew weaker and more isolated,but I got a ride to the library once a week and 　46　 all the novels I could carry.I kept reading 　47　 my disability.
Later,I met a technical nonfiction writer,who explained to me how to make a living by 　48　 for magazines.At last,there was something I could 　49　!I subscribed to a famous magazine but wrote a 　50　 novel instead.
After 　51　 that first novel,I made friends with writers online.I thought my life 　52　 at last.Here was a career path where all my reading would 　53　 and where my disability wouldn’t shut me out.I wrote two science fiction novels,which later got published.
It turns out that in writing science fiction being unique can be a
　54　,practice eventually works,and persistence is what really matters.Without science fiction,I wouldn’t have had anything to desire,and I would never have
　55　 something I could share with the world.
(　　)41.A.found B.worked
C.inched D.felt
(　　)42.A.increased B.remained
C.appeared D.thinned
(　　)43.A.quick B.good
C.hard D.popular
(　　)44.A.transformative B.disappointing
C.imaginative D.embarrassing
(　　)45.A.possibility B.occupation
C.operation D.disability
(　　)46.A.kept back B.gave away
C.checked out D.turned down
(　　)47.A.without B.beyond
C.besides D.despite
(　　)48.A.writing B.drawing
C.editing D.recording
(　　)49.A.change B.do
C.possess D.read
(　　)50.A.detective B.fantasy
C.comic D.romantic
(　　)51.A.finishing B.adapting
C.translating D.declaring
(　　)52.A.settled down B.fell apart
C.moved on D.made sense
(　　)53.A.pay off B.come back
C.run out D.take off
(　　)54.A.nature B.challenge
C.benefit D.restriction
(　　)55.A.expressed B.presumed
C.created D.accepted
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章讲述了作者热爱阅读科幻小说并从写科幻小说中找到生活的意义的故事。
答案及剖析:
41.B　根据语境可知,此处表示在小学,作者阅读了图书馆的大量图书。work one’s way through sth表示“自始至终做某事(尤指耗费时间或力量的事)”。故选B。
42.D　由空前的“gradually getting less picky(挑剔的)”以及空后的“However,what I wanted to read was science fiction.”可知,因为可选择的读物变少了(thinned),所以作者逐渐对书没那么挑剔了。故选D。
43.C　由上文中的“However,what I wanted to read was science fiction.”以及空后的“A sixth-grade teacher lent me...”可知,科幻小说很难(hard)找到。故选C。
44.A　由上文讲到作者很难找到科幻小说来读以及空前讲一位六年级老师借给作者一本科幻小说可推知,这对于作者来说是一次带来改变的(transformative)经历。故选A。
45.D　由下文中的“I kept reading 　47　 my disability.”及“where my disability wouldn’t shut me out”可知,本题考查原词复现。故选D。
46.C　根据语境可知,作者变得更虚弱了,但作者依然坚持每周去一次图书馆,把自己能拿的小说都借出来(checked out)。故选C。
47.D　结合语境可知,尽管(despite)身患残疾,但是作者依然坚持阅读。故选D。
48.A　由下文中的“but wrote a 　50　 novel instead”可知,作者遇到一位专业的纪实文学作家,这位作家向作者讲述了如何通过为杂志社写作(writing)来谋生。故选A。
49.B　由下文中的“but wrote a 　50　 novel instead”可知,此处是说这是作者能做(do)的事情。故选B。
50.B　根据上文中的“what I wanted to read was science fiction”和下文中的“I wrote two science fiction novels”可知,作者写了一部奇幻小说。a f

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