资源简介

Mankind desires to explore the universe in the hope of knowing more about it.As a result,many satellites have been launched,orbiting around Earth.Astronauts have been sent into space by spacecraft and carried on spacewalks.They do experiments on board,collecting sufficient data.Meanwhile,some data can be transmitted to Earth.However,as a result of limited resources,there are still many mysteries in the universe.In closing,people should attach importance to the exploration of space to figure out unknown problems.
Part 1　Listening and Speaking—
Discovering Useful Structures
阅读单词
1.astronaut　　n.宇航员;太空人
2.rocket n.火箭;火箭弹
3.gravity n.重力;引力
4.frontier n.边境;国界;边远地区
5.vehicle n.交通工具;车辆
6.satellite n.人造卫星;卫星
7.orbit n. (环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围
vt.& vi.沿轨道运行;环绕……运行
8.leap n.跳跃;剧增;剧变
vi.& vt.跳过;跃过
9.mankind n.人类
10.agency n.(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处
11.data n.[pl.] 资料;数据
12.spacecraft n.航天器;宇宙飞船
13.spacewalk n.太空行走;太空行走的时间
14.jade n.玉;翡翠;玉器
15.module n.舱;组件;模块
16.muscle n.肌肉;实力;影响力
17.solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的
核心单词
1.procedure　　n.程序;步骤;手续
2.cm abbr.厘米
3.launch vt.& n.发射;发起;上市
4.giant adj.巨大的;伟大的
n.巨人;巨兽;伟人
5.desire n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
6.signal vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号
n.信号;标志
7.recycle vt.回收利用;再利用
8.float vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮
vt.使浮动;使漂流
9.otherwise adv.否则;要不然
10.beyond prep.在更远处;超出
运用词汇
1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→mentally adv.精神上;智力上;思想上
2.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→intelligence n.智力;才智;智慧→intelligently adv.聪明地;明智地
3.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→determine vt.查明;确定;决定→ determination n.决心;决定;确定
4.transmit vt.& vi.传输;发送→transmission n.(无线电、电视等信号的)播送,发送
5.disappointment n.失望;沮丧→disappoint vt.使失望;使沮丧→disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
6.universe n.宇宙;天地万物→universal adj.普遍的;全世界的;共同的→universally adv.普遍地;到处
7.independently adv.独立地;自立地→independent adj.独立的;自立的→independence n.独立;自主→depend vi.依靠
8.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏→lacking adj.短缺的;不足的
9.current adj.当前的;现在的 n.水流;电流;思潮→currently adv.现时;当前→currency n.通货;货币;流行
10.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→sufficiently adv.充分地;足够地→sufficiency n.足量;充足→insufficient adj.不充分的;不够重要的
重点词块
1.look up　　　　　　　　仰望;查阅
2.determine/be determined to do sth决定/决心做某事
3.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
4.focus on 集中注意力于
5.on board 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
6.make sure 确保;确信;查明;弄清楚
7.go wrong 出故障
8.believe in 相信;信任
9.carry on 继续做;坚持干
10.make great progress 取得很大的进步
11.in the hope of doing sth 抱着……的希望
12.so as to (do sth) 为了;以便
13.figure out 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
重点句型
1.之后,苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
2.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
3.尽管困难重重,科学家们希望能有更多有价值的发现,使得人类延续生存,直到未来。
Despite the difficulties,scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries that will enable the human race to survive well into the future.
1.主题语境:人与社会——了解太空探索的发展历程
2.语篇类型:科普
3.课文内容分析:本文主要介绍了太空探索事业的发展,以及中国对太空探索做出的贡献和成就。本文一方面帮助学生了解人类为探索浩瀚的宇宙付出的努力(包括宇航员在探索过程中付出的生命代价,但是失败和挫折未能阻止人类探索太空的脚步);另一方面帮助学生了解我国在太空探索领域取得的辉煌成就以及对人类太空探索事业的贡献,从而坚定文化自信,增强爱国情怀和民族自豪感。阅读本文,有利于引导学生树立远大志向,刻苦学习,为中国未来的航天事业贡献自己的力量。
答案:1.vehicles　2.achievements　3.determination　4.progress　5.future
(　　)1.What can be inferred from Neil Armstrong’s words
A.Neil Armstrong has made unbelievable achievements.
B.It is easy for him to step onto the surface of the moon.
C.Human beings have made a great breakthrough in history.
D.In exploring space,the US achieved more than the USSR.
(　　)2.How is Paragraph 2 organised
A.By giving examples. B.By comparison.
C.By listing numbers. D.By telling a story.
(　　)3.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The history and future of space exploration.
B.The accidents in space exploration.
C.The importance of space exploration.
D.The vehicles used in space exploration.
答案:1.C　2.A　3.A
1.However,scientists were determined to realise that dream.
然而,科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。
★determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
determine vt.查明;确定;决定
determination n.决心;决定;确定
Determined to study hard,he dug a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbour to read at night.
他决心努力学习,在墙上挖了一个洞,从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。
He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.
他决心从事业失败中爬起来,重新开始新的生活。
With a determined effort,they finished the three-day task in a single day.
他们经过坚定的努力在一天内完成了三天的任务。
[备用例句]
①As a student in senior high school,the most important task is to study hard,which determines our future.
作为一名高中生,最重要的任务是努力学习,这决定着我们的未来。
②We at last determined on this problem.
我们终于决定了这个问题。
·be determined (not) to do sth 决心(不)做某事(表示状态) be determined that...决心…… ·determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作) determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事 ·with determination 坚决地;果断地
(1)句子语法填空
①We determined 　　　　 (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②He has determined 　　　　 working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③The 　　　　 (determine) look in their eyes told us that nothing could make them change their minds.
(2)完成句子
④桑德拉决心成为一名医生,并且她的坚持不懈得到了回报。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
Sandra 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and her persistence paid off.
⑤正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样一个非凡的人物。(读后续写·主题升华句)
It’s 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that makes him such a remarkable character.
答案:(1)①to work　②on/upon　③determined
(2)④was determined to become a doctor　⑤that kind of courage and determination
I am determined to pursue my dreams,no matter how difficult they may seem.I have determined on a path that leads to success,and I will not give up.My determination is unshakable,and I am determined that I will achieve my goals.
我决心追求我的梦想,不管它们看起来有多困难。我已决心走上一条通往成功的道路,我不会放弃。我的决心是不可动摇的,我决心要实现我的目标。
2.However,while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment,the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而,虽然这些灾难带来了许多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
◆disappointment n.失望;沮丧
disappoint vt.使失望;使沮丧
disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的
disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
As the twins looked around them in disappointment,their father appeared.
当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时,他们的父亲出现了。
To her disappointment,her best friend didn’t come to her birthday party.
令她失望的是,她最好的朋友没有参加她的生日派对。
[备用例句]
①I am afraid you are very disappointed at/ with/by my old bike.
恐怕你对我的旧自行车非常不满意吧。
②We were disappointed to learn that you could not come.
听说你不能来,我们感到失望。
③Jack seems to think this year’s basketball season will be disappointing.
杰克似乎认为今年的篮球赛季会令人失望。
·to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 in disappointment失望地 ·be disappointed at/with/by sth对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb对某人感到失望 be disappointed to do sth对做某事感到失望 be disappointed that...对……感到失望
(1)一句多译
令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做好母亲节的早餐。(读后续写·情感描写)
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(介词短语作状语)
②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导主语从句)
③They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(非限制性定语从句)
(2)翻译句子
④我们失望地发现博物馆关门了。


⑤汤姆没来,她无法掩饰失望之情。


答案:(1)①To their disappointment　②What made them disappointed/What disappointed them　③which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
(2)④We were deeply disappointed to find that the museum was closed.
⑤She couldn’t hide her disappointment when Tom didn’t turn up.
★desire n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese,I recommend this book to you.
既然你渴望学习中文,我向你推荐这本书。
Everyone has a desire for success.However,not everyone has the courage and determination to pursue it.
每个人都渴望成功。然而,并不是每个人都有勇气和决心去追求它。
The teacher desired that all the exercises (should)be handed in before school was over.
老师要求在放学前把所有的作业都交上来。
·have a desire ·desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth想让某人做某事 desire that...(should) do...渴望/要求……
①desire不用于进行时态,后接宾语从句时,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。另外,含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
②desire作动词时,后只可接不定式,不可接动名词。
③和desire一样,接名词性从句时,从句谓语动词用“(should) do”形式的动词有一“坚持”(insist);二“命令”(order、command);三“建议”(suggest、propose、advise);四“要求”(demand、require、request、desire)。
(1)句子语法填空
①The determined girl has a strong desire 　　　　 knowledge.
②Mike desired 　　　　(find) a job in this city and settled there.
(2)完成句子
③得知你极其渴望学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。(应用文写作·建议信)
Knowing 　,
I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
④失望的双胞胎想要他们的父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,父亲乐意地点了点头。(读后续写·动作描写)
The disappointed twins 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 how to make sandwiches,and their father nodded willingly.
答案:(1)①for　②to find　(2)③you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well　④desired their father to tell them
My son desires that he should be admitted to that famous university.Besides,he has a strong desire to major in maths while I desire him to study engineering.
我的儿子渴望被那所著名的大学录取。此外,他渴望主修数学,而我想让他学工程学。
3.In 2022,the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.
2022年,梦天舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。
★signal vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号
n.信号;标志
The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly.
警察示意车辆缓慢前行。
As soon as he sat down at the table,he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.
他一在桌旁坐下,就示意服务员把菜单拿来。
When I put my finger to my lips,it’s a signal for you to be quiet.
我把手指放在嘴唇上,这是让你们安静的信号。
·signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事 signal (to sb) that...示意(某人)…… ·a signal for sb to do sth指示某人做某事的信号
①signal一般指信号、暗号;
②sign一般指一种具有固定意义的、简明的符号或标志,意为手势、迹象、标志等;
③mark指在其他事物上留下的清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标记、记号等;
④symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中signal的汉语释义
①Timoteo has an unusual job—he is a human traffic signal.　　　　　　　
②This was a signal for him to continue.　　　　　　　
③Mandy started after him,signalling to Jesse to follow.　　　　　　　
④This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.　　　　　　　
(2)完成句子
⑤正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。(应用文写作·传统文化介绍)
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the Spring Festival celebrations.
⑥我跑到车旁,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。(读后续写·动作描写)
I ran up to the car,took him by the arm and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:(1)①标志　②信号　③示意　④标志着
(2)⑤signalling the end of　⑥signalled(to) him to follow me
4.Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity...
由于缺乏重力,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱……
★lack n.缺乏;短缺
vt.没有;缺乏
lacking adj.短缺的;不足的
(2024·浙江1月卷) Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies...
由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼……
(2024·浙江1月卷) The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。
[备用例句]
①She didn’t win the game,but it wasn’t for lack of trying.
她输了比赛,但并不是由于不够努力。
②She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明,但却缺乏远大志向。
·lack sth缺少某物 ·(a) lack of...缺乏…… for/through lack of...因缺乏…… have no lack of...不缺乏…… ·be lacking in...缺乏/缺少……
　　lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态),也可用作不及物动词;形容词lacking常与介词in连用。
(1)句子语法填空
①　　　　(lack) sufficient oxygen,the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
②I must work hard in the hope of making up for 　　　　 lack of ability.
(2)一句多译
由于缺乏自信和经验,他完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。(读后续写·情感描写)
③　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n.)
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack vt.)
⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.)
答案:(1)①Lacking　②a　(2)③For lack of confidence and experience　④Lacking confidence and experience　⑤Lacking in confidence and experience
　This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
◆“This/That/It is because...”句型
From space,Earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。
Tom has to stay at home.That is because he has a bad cold.
汤姆不得不待在家里,那是因为他得了重感冒。
Sorry,I can’t attend the meeting.It is because I will go home to spend the Mid-Autumn Festival with my parents.
对不起,我不能参加会议。这是因为我将回家和父母一起过中秋节。
①“This/That/It is because...”意为“这/那是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
②“This/That/It is why...”意为“这/那就是……的原因”,其中why引导表语从句,从句表示结果。
③“The reason why...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
④“The reason that/which...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语,第二个that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
(1)句型转换
Peter was late for the class because he was stuck in a traffic jam.
①Peter was late for the class and 　　　　　　　　　　 he was stuck in a traffic jam.
②Peter was stuck in a traffic jam and 　　　　　　　　　　he was late for the class.
③ 　　　　　　　　　　 Peter was late for the class 　　　　　　　　 he was stuck in a traffic jam.
(2)翻译句子
④简今天不想去野餐的原因是天气不佳。


⑤这就是他缺席比赛的原因。


答案:(1)①that/it was because　②that/it was why　③The reason why;was that
(2)④The reason why Jane wouldn’t like to go on a picnic today is that the weather is not good.　⑤This is why he was absent from the competition.
人物心理描写(悲伤、沮丧、绝望)
一、课文词汇
1.alone 独自的;孤独的
2.sadness 悲伤;悲痛;难过
3.disappointment 失望;沮丧
二、补充词汇
4.sorrowful 伤心的
5.broken-hearted 极其伤心的
6.depressed/frustrated沮丧的
7.hang the head 耷拉着头
8.be overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝
9.have tears in one’s eyes眼里噙着泪
10.burst into tears/burst out crying突然大哭起来
11.hang/drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head in sadness 伤心地低下头
12.tears roll/run/stream/flow down sb’s cheeks眼泪顺着脸颊滑落
13.sob/weep with one’s face hidden in one’s hands 掩面啜泣
一、课本原句
1.“Are we alone What’s out there ”
“我们是孤独的吗 外面还有什么呢 ”
2.However,while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment,the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而,虽然这些灾难带来了许多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
二、其他表达
3.Her eyes are flooded with tears.
她的眼里充满泪水。
4.She suddenly became broken-hearted when asked about her parents.
当被问起父母时,她突然变得极其伤心。
5.Maria burst into tears when she heard the bad news.
玛丽亚听到这个坏消息时,突然大哭起来。
6.Upon hearing the bad news,her heart ached,tears streaming down her cheeks.
她一听到这个坏消息,就心痛得直流眼泪。
7.When he heard the disappointing news,tears of sadness welled up in his eyes.
当他听到这个令人沮丧的消息时,他的眼里涌出了悲伤的泪水。
8.Even today,I would be overcome with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
直到今天,我一想到那只狗,还会悲痛欲绝。
1.当我听到这个消息时,我心碎了。泪水涌上了我的眼睛,我开始掩面哭泣。然而,我知道我必须坚强起来,继续前进。
2.他坐在那里,沉默而悲伤。当他悲伤地低下头时,眼泪顺着脸颊滑落下来。世界在他身边转动,而他却陷在自己的悲伤中。
答案:1.I was broken-hearted when I heard the news.Tears welled up in my eyes,and I started weeping with my face hidden in my hands.However,I knew I had to be strong and move on.
2.He sat there,silent and sad.As he bowed his head in sadness,tears flowed down his cheeks.The world kept moving around him,while he was stuck in his own pool of sorrow.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
　　For years,people have always wanted to learn more about the universe.However,it was not until the mid-20th century 1.　　　　 travelling into space became a reality.On 4 October 1957,USSR launched the Sputnik 1 satellite into space.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin from Russia became the first person in the world 2.　　　　(enter) space.On 20 July 1969,Neil Armstrong from America stepped onto the moon.Following this,many more goals 3.　　　　 (achieve).Although some disasters made everyone sad and 4.　　　　 (disappoint),people never give 5.　　　　 the desire to explore the universe.
China’s space programme has made great progress in recent years.China became the third country in the world to 6.　　　　 (independent) send humans into space in 2003,7.　　　　 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Later,Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.In 2022,the launch of the Mengtian module8.　　　　(signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct lots of significant 9.　　　　 (experiment),greatly
10.　　　　 (further) our understanding of the universe.
The future of space exploration remains bright.
答案:1.that　2.to enter　3.were achieved
4.disappointed　5.up　6.independently
7.when　8.signalled　9.experiments
10.furthering
语法专项指导
动词不定式作定语和状语
1.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003,when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
2.Scientists were determined to realise the dream to explore space.
　　动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,有时to可以省略,其否定形式是not to do。不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语,但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。请你判断出以上句子中动词不定式在句中作什么成分。
一、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语,常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class...
而且,我会不时地布置一些在课堂上完成的小组作业……
2.当中心词为序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.
克服恐惧的唯一方法是面对恐惧。
3.抽象名词plan、attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、way等后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
Tom has the ability and desire to do challenging work.
汤姆有能力和愿望去做有挑战性的工作。
4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
6.当名词与定语之间存在同位关系时。
My desire to carry on with the experiment has failed.
我继续做实验的愿望没能实现。
①不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
②不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式使用主动形式表示被动含义。试比较下列例句。
Have you got anything to buy
你有什么东西要买吗 (不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)
Have you got anything to be bought
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗 (不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
句子语法填空
①It is recognised that he is the best man 　　　　(complete) the task.
②Thanks to your encouragement,I finally got the courage 　　　　(face) all the challenges.
③The system has the ability 　　　　(run) more than one programme at the same time.
④Could you tell me an effective way 　　　　(learn) English well
答案:①to complete　②to face　③to run
④to learn
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等,可表示目的、原因、结果等。
1.作目的状语,置于句首或句中,置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,常与in order或so as 组成短语。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
(1)置于句首时只用to do/ in order to do。表示否定时,用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我轻轻地走路,以免打扰到这个婴儿。
(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/ in order that引导的目的状语从句。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked very hard so that/ in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2.作原因状语,常置于一些形容词或过去分词后,来说明产生某种情感的原因。这类词常见的有happy、glad、fortunate、ashamed、surprised、sorry、delighted、disappointed、annoyed、proud等。
When Anna opened her wallet,she was surprised to find nothing.
安娜打开钱包时,惊讶地发现里面什么也没有。
They are proud to have realised their dreams.
他们为实现了梦想而自豪。
3.作结果状语,多见于“too...to do...”“...enough to do”“only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)”“so/such...as to do...(意为“如此……以至于……”)”结构中。
I’m too tired to do well.
我太累了做不好。
The wind is strong enough to move the sand dunes.
风力大到能移动沙丘。
He rushed back,only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.
我们有如此充裕的食物来招待我们的客人。
　　注意动词不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别。
①动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种意想不到的结果,通常与only搭配。
Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didn’t fit.
她着急地从包里拿出那件衣服试穿,却发现不合身。
②现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种顺承的、自然而然的结果。
The snow lasted a week,resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一星期,给整个地区造成严重的交通混乱。
4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
To begin with,she spoke too quickly,I couldn’t understand most of the words she said.
首先,她说得太快,我听不懂她所说的大部分内容。
句子语法填空
①　　　　(learn) a language well,you must make efforts.
②I’m more than delighted 　　　　(know) that you are coming to our school to take part in the Chinese Culture Week.
③The traveller looked up suddenly 　　　　(find) a monkey in the tree.
④　　　　(tell) the truth,I don’t like the colour at all.
答案:①To learn　②to know　③to find
④To tell
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)...visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 　　　　(find) the connection between the two great writers.
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)That means you have tons of less-visited options 　　　　 (choose) from.
3.(2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years,people have told fables (寓言) 　　　　 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
4.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)We are happy 　　　　(be) taking part in the project.
5.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there 　　　　(help) each other.
答案及剖析:
1.to find　考查动词不定式。非谓语动词作形容词amazed后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
2.to choose　考查动词不定式。options是名词,其后常用动词不定式作后置定语,表示“可选择的选项”。to choose from的意思是“从中选择”。故填to choose。
3.to teach　考查动词不定式。根据句意可知,此处表示“来传授知识或传递智慧”,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
4.to be　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处是动词不定式作原因状语。故填to be。
5.to help　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。
句子语法填空
1.We climbed to the top of the tower 　　　　(get) a better view of the area.
2.What is the way Mary thought of 　　　　(deal) with the problem
3.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train 　　　　(catch).
4.Our English teacher has many ways 　　　　(make) her classes interesting.
5.　　　　(catch) the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
6.　　　　 (help) the students to learn Chinese well,our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
7.They came to the restaurant after work,only 　　　　 (find) that it was being decorated.
8.As a matter of fact,they were very surprised 　　　　 (get) the news.
[变式训练]
As a matter of fact,they were very surprised 　　　　 (inform) of the news.
9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online
　　　　(save) their time.
10.He was the last one 　　　　(hand) in the assignment yesterday.
11.A study shows that by the age of three,most children have the great potential 　　　　(understand) many words.
12.The airport 　　　　 (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
[变式训练]
The airport 　　　　 (complete) last year helps promote tourism in this area.
13.What do you think we can do 　　　　(comfort) her
14.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one 　　　　(repair) first is the library.
15.My friend told me he had a lot of readings 　　　　 (complete) before the end of the term.
答案:1.to get　2.to deal　3.to catch　4.to make　5.To catch　6.To help　7.to find　8.to get
[变式训练] to be informed　9.to save　10.to hand　11.to understand　12.to be completed
[变式训练] completed　13.to comfort　14.to be repaired　15.to complete
课时作业(七)　UNIT 4　Part 1
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The spaceship was successfully 　　　　 (发射) into orbit.
2.Humans have a 　　　　 (渴望) to explore the universe.
3.　　　　 (信号) from space are being studied by scientists.
4.The 　　　　 (交通工具) are designed for space travel.
5.The 　　　　 (巨大的) planet appears in the distance.
6.The 　　　　 (当前的) technology is not sufficient for long-term space travel.
7.　　　　 (智能的) robots can assist in space exploration.
8.Astronauts need to be 　　　　 (独立地) minded in space.
9.　　　　 (思想的) preparation is important for space missions.
10.If you follow the proper 　　　　 (步骤),you can create super articles.
答案:1.launched　2.desire　3.Signals　4.vehicles
5.giant　6.current　7.Intelligent
8.independently　9.Mental　10.procedures
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The six 　　　　 (astronaut) on board will spend ten days in space.
2.Students should do something to make themselves 　　　　(mental) strong.
3.She is not only 　　　　(intelligence) but also has a gift for music.
4.Amazed at how skillful they were,I was 　　　　(determine) to be just as good.
5.His performance was a big 　　　　(disappoint) to us.
6.Driven by a burning desire 　　　　 adventure and travel,she left home and started to travel around in her early twenties.
7.Are you quite 　　　　(independence) of your parents now
8.He came to the big city in the hope 　　　　 finding a good job.
9.The bell 　　　　(signal) that school was over.
10.It is 　　　　(universal) acknowledged that smoking is bad for health.
11.Among modern 　　　　(vehicle),bicycles are the closest to people’s life.
12.　　　　 (recycle) also helps control environmental pollution.
13.I think this book is completely 　　　　(lack) in originality.
14.The building is 　　　　 (current) being used as a library.
答案:1.astronauts　2.mentally　3.intelligent　4.determined　5.disappointment　6.for
7.independent　8.of　9.signalled
10.universally　11.vehicles　12.Recycling　13.lacking　14.currently
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.那时,尽管困难重重,宇航员还是继续执行太空任务。
At that time,the astronaut 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the space mission despite the difficulties.
2.航天局希望能发现新的行星。
The space agency is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 new planets.
3.宇宙飞船正在船上进行科学实验。
The spaceship is carrying out scientific experiments 　　　　　　　　.
4.他将是第一个踏上火星的人。
He will be the first man 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Mars.
5.宇航员决心成功地完成任务。
The astronaut 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the mission successfully.
6.令他非常失望的是,太空任务不得不因技术问题而中止。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the space mission had to be stopped due to technical problems.
答案:1.carried on with　2.in the hope of discovering　3.on board　4.to set foot on　5.is/was determined to complete　6.Much to his disappointment
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the summer of 1969,six-year-old Mike Massimino watched wide-eyed on the television as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon.He immediately made his mum turn his elephant school play costume into that of an astronaut for Halloween.
As a child attracted by the universe,he dreamt of becoming an astronaut.But his wish caught up with him when he realised he didn’t have the ideal skillset to make it as an astronaut:He was afraid of heights,had poor eyesight and couldn’t swim.
Given all of Massimino’s difficulty in qualifying as an astronaut,he worked for a different career.However,when the Challenger exploded,Massimino decided he wouldn’t wait any longer to realise his dream.
NASA’s elite programme of astronauts introduces a new class every couple of years.If you don’t make it,you won’t be considered again until the next round.Massimino first applied to the programme in the 1980s.Eight months later,he received his rejection letter in the mail.Unsurprised,he began carrying out space research,working towards his PhD in engineering at MIT.He applied again two years later for the 1992 astronaut class.He got rejected again.Years later,for the class of 1995,Massimino’s application turned out unsuccessful.The interview was as tough as one would imagine.
Massimino failed because of something he could not change—not having 20/20 vision.He didn’t stop there.After extensive research,he had vision training for nearly a year,having taken advice from others in the space science field,and helping his eyes focus more clearly on objects in front of him.
Sending out his fourth application to NASA like a shot in the dark with a note from his eye doctor on his improvements,Massimino got a call.They would let him retake his eye test.He passed.
“Making a decision to give up on my dream after coming so close was unthinkable,” he said,“One in a million is not zero.I knew that if I gave up,I would always wonder what would have happened.”
(　　)1.What impressed Massimino at the age of six
A.The invention of television.
B.A school play in Halloween.
C.Armstrong’s moonwalk.
D.The explosion of the Challenger.
(　　)2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.NASA’s programme of astronauts.
B.Massimino’s working experience at MIT.
C.NASA’s interview process.
D.Massimino’s three unsuccessful applications.
(　　)3.How did Massimino improve his eyesight
A.By receiving vision training.
B.By having an eye operation.
C.By focusing his eyes on big objects.
D.By following his parents’ advice.
(　　)4.Which of the following can best describe Massimino
A.Clever. B.Determined.
C.Thoughtful. D.Generous.
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mike Massimino在六岁时在电视上看到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登月,从此有了成为宇航员的梦想。由于视力问题,他三次申请成为宇航员都没有成功。但是他并没有气馁,经过专业的视力训练,他终于通过了视力测试。
答案及剖析:
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,六岁时,Mike Massimino就对宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在月球上迈出的第一步印象深刻。故选C。
2.D　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要讲述了Massimino三次申请成为宇航员失败的经历。故选D。
3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句可知,Massimino进行了近一年的视力训练,从而改善了自己的视力。故选A。
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,Massimino决心成为宇航员,由于视力不合格,他三次申请成为宇航员都没有成功,但是他决定不放弃,通过努力终于离自己的梦想又进了一步。由此可推知,Massimino是一个意志坚定的人。故选B。
B
The development of China’s space programme was first suggested in 1956 by the father of Chinese rocket science,Qian Xuesen(1911-2009).As a result of a lot of preparation and planning,the Shenzhou crewed programme began in 1992,and the first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2003.Chang’e 1,a lunar orbiter was launched in 2007,while Tiangong 1,an experimental crewed space station was launched in 2011.
In 2019,Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon.It was mankind’s first successful soft landing on the far side of the moon.A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way,and gets no damage.Several hours later,the small Yutu 2 rover was released.To understand why Chang’e 4’s soft landing was such an achievement,consider the difficulty of any space mission,especially one to the far side of the moon.While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon,it is not really dark.
The main problem with landing on the far side of the moon is communication.There is no clear line of sight between the far side of the moon and Earth.This normally makes radio communication with spacecraft on the far side of the moon impossible.Chinese engineers came up with a unique solution.Before Chang’e 4’s mission,they sent Queqiao communications satellite into space.When engineers needed to communicate with Chang’e 4 and Yutu 2,they could send radio messages to Queqiao.The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the lander and rover.This allowed contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of the experiments of Chang’e 4’s mission was designed to test a closed ecological(生态的) system that could be extremely important for long-term space missions:The plants produce food and oxygen for the fruit flies,while the fruit flies produce carbon dioxide for the plants.This experiment worked for nine days,but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below -52℃.
(　　)5.What can we know according to the passage
A.The first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2007.
B.Qian Xuesen is considered the father of the Chinese space programme.
C.The development of space programme in China started in ancient times.
D.The Chinese space programme has been advancing with preparation and planning.
(　　)6.Why was Chang’e 4’s landing on the moon such an achievement
A.Because Chang’e 4 landed on the moon successfully.
B.Because Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the dark side of the moon.
C.Because man had never landed on the moon with the difficulty of space mission.
D.Because it was the first time that humans had landed on the moon without any damage.
(　　)7.Why was the ecological experiment of Chang’e 4 stopped
A.Because it got too dark to continue.
B.Because the lander no longer had power.
C.Because it got too cold for the experiment to work.
D.Because there was not enough oxygen on the moon.
(　　)8.Where is this passage probably from
A.A story book. 　　B.A textbook.
C.A science fiction. 　　D.A magazine.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。中国的“嫦娥四号”首次成功在月球背面软着陆,文章主要介绍了其意义及中国工程师是如何解决地月通信问题的。
答案及剖析:
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知,基于充分的准备和规划,中国的太空计划一直在进步。故选D。
6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的前两句及倒数第二句可知,嫦娥四号在月球的着陆是一个很大的成就,这是因为前往月球背面的任务难度极大,而嫦娥四号在月球背面实现了软着陆。故选B。
7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,嫦娥四号停止生态实验是因为月球温度太低,无法继续。故选C。
8.D　推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第二段的前两句可知,文章主要介绍了嫦娥四号在月球背面实现软着陆的意义及中国工程师是如何解决地月通信问题的。由此推知,本文可能出自一本杂志。故选D。
C
Astronauts travelling in space meet forms of radiation (辐射) that are uncommon on Earth.Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health.It is linked to cancers and heart problems.Yet a study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States.They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health,richer than most Americans and receive good health care—professional athletes.The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age.In fact,both groups generally live longer than other Americans.
Astronauts are usually well-educated,earn more money and are in better physical conditions than the average Americans.The earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death,the researchers noted.The findings were reported in a medical journal.
Much of the existing research on mortality rates (死亡率) in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job.There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”.This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work,said Robert Reynolds.
Reynolds said,“The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had never gone to space at all.To do this,we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors.” Considering the similar physical requirements,a group of athletes are selected.
As the result suggests,being exposed to radiation doesn’t lead to an early death for astronauts.
(　　)9.How did researchers carry out their study
A.By doing interviews.
B.By analysing some factors.
C.By comparing different data.
D.By doing experiments in the lab.
(　　)10.What can we learn from the text
A.All radiation is harmful to human health.
B.Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.
C.Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.
D.Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.
(　　)11.Why are athletes chosen as a comparative group in the study
A.Because they work in different fields.
B.Because they both need to be healthy enough.
C.Because they receive the same diets and exercise.
D.Because they suffer from the same health problems.
(　　)12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise
B.Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes
C.Radiation Affects Astronauts’ Health
D.Astronauts—Well-Educated and Well-Paid
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——宇航员在太空中工作时,辐射不会缩短他们的寿命。
答案及剖析:
9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一、第二句可知,该实验是通过比较不同的数据进行的。故选C。
10.C　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句可知,健康的工人效应使得劳动的人们更健康。故选C。
11.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,运动员和宇航员对体能都有一定的要求,所以选择运动员作为参照对象。故选B。
12.A　标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段内容可知,一项研究表明,太空中的辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命,结合下文中对该研究的分析可知,本文主要讨论的是宇航员的健康状况如何,所以A项符合本文的主题,且具有概括性,适合作本文的标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961,when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space.But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans The answer is simple.1.　　　 In this article,we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
Promote the progress of medicine
2.　　　 For example,analysing the effects of zero-gravity (零重力) on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses.The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time.3.　　　 For example,the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts.We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo programme that took humankind to the moon.
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space.However,it is still too expensive to go to space.As reusable rockets improve,the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.4.　　
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children.5.　　　 Not only is this good for them as STEM (Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics) jobs can secure them a comfortable future,but it also helps humans.
A.Technologies have advanced considerably.
B.It gets students interested in science and technology.
C.Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D.These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E.The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F.Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G.Throughout the years,companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的四大好处。
答案及剖析:
1.E　设空处上文是在提出问题,而设空处后一句是在回答这个问题,由此可知,设空处应该解释为什么我们要去对人类来说危险甚至致命的环境;E项解释了为什么我们要去探索太空,承上启下,符合语境,故选E。
2.F　根据本段小标题“Promote the progress of medicine”可知,本段是在讲太空探索对医学的影响,F项说明了太空探索能带来一些医疗好处,符合本段语境,故选F。
3.G　根据设空处后的“For example,the running shoes...that took humankind to the moon.”可知,此处说明的是原本为宇航员开发的技术也应用到了普通人的生活中,G项说明了一些公司认识到探索太空所带来的技术可应用于消费者市场,承接上文,符合语境,故选G。
4.C　根据设空处前一句可知,太空旅行的成本大大降低了,设空处应该说明这会带来什么好处,C项说明很有可能将来我们所有人都可以进行太空旅行,是太空旅行成本降低带来的好处,承接上文,符合语境,故选C。
5.B　根据设空处前一句可知,此处是在讲太空探索对孩子们的影响,B项说明太空探索激发了学生们的好奇心,使他们对科学技术感兴趣,承接上文,符合语境,故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The year 2023 marks 1.　　　　 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission that sent astronaut Yang Liwei on a roughly 21-hour journey around Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.As one of the 2.　　　　 (nation) in the world able to independently finish manned space missions,China 3.　　　　 (carry) out a dozen manned flights since then.
A special committee was formed in August 1992 and it 4.　　　　 (decide) that China would use manned spacecraft to build a space station in the coming years.The plan was passed in September that year,5.　　　　 (mark) the first official manned space programme of the nation.6.　　　　 (achieve) the goal,scientists made specific plans and took practical steps,advancing slowly from multi-day flights 7.　　　　 month-long missions.Thanks to years of efforts,we are proud that our country completed the Tiangong space station in 2022.Orbiting Earth about 400 kilometres above the ground,Tiangong has both a core module 8.　　　　 two science facilities,which is 9.　　　　 (regular) connected to several visiting spaceships.
Chinese researchers are designing a new-generation manned spacecraft,10.　　　　 will be significant in the nation’s first manned exploration to the moon around 2030.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了中国首次载人航天任务完成的经过及未来的发展。
答案及剖析:
1.the　考查冠词。分析句子结构和句意可知,设空处应填冠词,修饰名词短语20th anniversary;此处特指中国首次载人航天任务的20周年纪念,故用定冠词。故填the。
2.nations　考查名词复数。根据one of可知,设空处应为名词复数,作宾语;nation表示“国家”,为可数名词。故填nations。
3.has carried　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语since then可知,应用现在完成时;主语是China,谓语动词用单数。故填has carried。
4.decided　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语in August 1992可知,应用一般过去时;主语it指代A special committee,与decide之间为主动关系。故填decided。
5.marking　考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语was passed可知,设空处应为非谓语动词,且设空处与The plan之间为主动关系,作伴随状语,应用现在分词形式。故填marking。
6.To achieve　考查动词不定式。根据句中谓语动词made可知,设空处应为非谓语动词,与scientists之间为主动关系,作目的状语,应用动词不定式;位于句首,首字母大写。故填To achieve。
7.to　考查介词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填介词,介词短语“from...to...”表示“从……到……”,符合句意。故填to。
8.and　考查并列连词。固定短语“both...and...”表示“两者都;既……又……”,结合句中both和句意可知,应用并列连词and。故填and。
9.regularly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填副词修饰动词connected,作状语。故填regularly。
10.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。Part 2　Listening and Talking—Video Time
阅读单词
1.soap　　　　n.肥皂
2.towel n.毛巾;抹布
3.telescope n.望远镜
4.microwave n.微波炉
5.tissue n.纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的)组织
6.facility n.设施;设备
7.fatal adj.致命的;灾难性的
8.high-end adj.高端的
9.foam n.泡沫橡胶;泡沫
10.pillow n.枕头
11.oxygen n.氧;氧气
核心单词
1.keen　　　　adj.热衷的;渴望的
2.shallow adj.肤浅的;浅的
3.pattern n.模式;图案;模范
4. monitor n.监视器;监测仪
vt.监视;监测;监控
5.smartphone n.智能手机
6. resource n.资源;财力;物力
7.attach vt.系;绑;贴
运用词汇
1.globe n.地球;世界;地球仪→global adj.全球的;全世界的;全面的→globally adv.全球地;全局地→ globalisation n.全球化
2.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→argument n.争论;争吵;论点
3.analysis n.(对事物的)分析;分析结果→analyse vt.分析
4.regularly adv.经常;定期地→regular adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→irregular adj.无规律的;不定期的
5.limited adj.有限的→limitless adj.无限的→limit n.限度;限制 vt.限制;限定
6.closing adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭;倒闭→close vt.关闭 adj.近的;亲密的→closely adv.仔细地;严密地
7.mystery n.神秘事物;谜→mysterious adj.神秘的
重点词块
1.waste time and money doing sth 浪费时间和金钱做某事
2.the solution to (doing) sth (做)某事的解决方法
3.fail to do sth 没能做某事
4.make a difference 有影响;起作用
5.result in 导致;造成
6.be transmitted to 被传送到
7.as a result 所以;结果(是)
8.in one’s efforts to do sth 努力做某事
9.meet the requirements 满足要求
10.provide for sb 提供生活所需
11.at present 目前
12.be close to 接近……
13.in closing 最后
14.run out 用完;耗尽
重点句型
1.世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
2.由于采用了先进的技术,如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了,而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。
High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration.
3.看着我们星球的照片,犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
4.因此,这项事业应该继续下去,以便为人们(面临的)长期问题和短期问题提供更好的和更新的解决方案。
Therefore,it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
1.主题语境:人与社会——阐述有关太空探索的论点
2.语篇类型:议论文
3.课文内容分析:本文主要论述了太空探索是否值得付出那么多的金钱和努力的问题。一些人认为这是浪费时间和金钱,但也有人认为探索太空对我们的生活有极大的帮助。作者从三个方面论述了探索太空给世界带来的好处。因此,它应该继续下去,以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的、更好的解决办法。阅读本文,有利于学生分析和评判关于太空探索的不同立场和态度,能够以全面的、发展的观点来评判科技发展所带来的利与弊。
答案:1.money　2.shallow　3.hunger　4.improvements　5.problems　6.ways　7.continue
(　　)1.How can exploring space help fight against hunger
A.The scientists analyse the data recorded by satellites and provide useful suggestions for farmers.
B.Satellites orbiting Earth can help fight against severe weather.
C.Satellites can change the weather pattern,thus improving output of crops.
D.The scientists invent some useful equipment to help with farming.
(　　)2.Which of the following is TRUE about space exploration
A.It has stopped the world’s population from growing.
B.It has helped to improve medical treatment.
C.It is only good for developed countries.
D.It will solve all the problems on Earth.
(　　)3.After seeing those pictures of Earth as an island in a black sea,what did people realise
A.We have such a rapidly increasing population.
B.The resources on Earth are so limited.
C.It is hard to find other planets as our new home.
D.Life on Mars will be nicer than that on Earth.
答案:1.A　2.B　3.B
1.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
一部分人认为,我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
★argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论
argument n.争论;争吵;论点
We’re always arguing with each other about some questions.
我们彼此总是为一些问题争辩。
We argued her out of going on such a journey.
我们说服她不要去这样的旅行。
My argument for space exploration is that it can assist mankind to solve the problem of lack of resources.
我支持太空探索的理由是它能够帮助人类解决资源匮乏的问题。
[备用例句]
①I argue that every one of us (should) try our best to help those in need.
我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
②We all found his argument convincing,which is beyond belief.
我们都觉得他的观点很有说服力,实在是令人难以置信。
·argue with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争论/争辩 argue for/against... 据理赞成/反对…… argue that...(should) do sth 主张/认为……(虚拟语气) argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事 ·have an argument with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争论/争辩 It is beyond argument that... 毋庸置疑……
　　表示“说服某人做某事”的其他表达如下所示。
①persuade sb to do/into doing sth
②convince sb to do sth
③talk sb into doing sth
(1)句子语法填空
①It is of great importance to cite examples to support your 　　　　(argue).
②Tom has been arguing 　　　　 his brother about where they should go for their holidays.
③Robert argued 　　　　 reducing his pocket money every month.
(2)完成句子
④我原以为我能说服我的父母允许我按照我的意愿花钱。(读后续写·心理描写)
I thought I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to use my money as I wished.
⑤根据上面的表格,70%的学生赞成听英语歌曲,而20%的学生主张他们应该通过读英语经典作品提高他们的英语水平。(应用文写作·分析图表)
Based on the above chart,70% of the students 　　　　　　　　 listening to English songs while 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 they should have their English level improved by reading English classics.
答案:(1)①argument　②with　③against
(2)④could argue my parents into allowing me
⑤argue for;20% of the students argue that
2.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
★result in导致;造成
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
不知何故,这些论证和推理使错误全面减少了。
(2024·浙江1月卷) It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result.
在线课程很容易被忽视,但结果是你的成绩会受到影响。
[备用例句]
①The big fire resulted from gas leak.
大火起因于煤气泄漏。
②My car broke down on the way,and,as a result,I was late.
我的车在路上出了故障,所以我迟到了。
③The sports meeting was put off as a result of the bad weather.
由于天气恶劣,运动会被推迟了。
·result from 由……产生;起因于…… ·as a result 所以;结果(是) as a result of 作为……的结果;由于……
①result in为及物动词短语,表示“导致”的意思,其同义词有cause、bring about、lead to、contribute to等。
②result in侧重于结果,即主语是原因,in后面接导致的结果;而result from侧重于起因,即主语是结果,from后面接事情的起因。
③as a result意为“所以;结果(是)”,后面接表示结果的句子;as a result of意为“作为……的结果;由于……”,其后面的部分表示原因,of后面接名词或动名词。
(1)句子语法填空
①My English teacher can always make her classes lively and interesting.
As 　　　　 result,she is greatly liked by her students.
②Food allergies (过敏) can result 　　　　 different symptoms.
(2)句型转换
③It is known to us that hard work results in success.
→As is known to us,success 　　　　　　　　 hard work.
④He was injured in an accident.As a result,he couldn’t take part in the sports meeting.
→He couldn’t take part in the sports meeting 　　　　　　　　　　 his injury in an accident.
答案:(1)①a　②in　(2)③results from　④as a result of
Mary often sets aside some time to take exercise.As a result,she is energetic,seldom falling ill.Obviously,poor health usually results from a lack of exercise and unbalanced diet.However,healthy lifestyle may result in your success.
玛丽经常抽出时间来锻炼身体,因此她精力充沛,很少生病。显而易见,健康状况不佳通常是由缺乏锻炼和不均衡的饮食引起的。然而,健康的生活方式可能会使你获得成功。
3.After careful analysis,the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.
经过仔细的分析,科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。
◆provide for sb 提供生活所需
He had enough money to provide for his children before he could find work.
在找到工作之前,他有足够的钱抚养孩子们。
(2023·浙江1月卷) When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one.
当你乘坐火车时,即使你的旅行是过夜的,你也不会免费得到一条毯子。
You can go out providing that you have to finish your homework.
你可以出去,条件是你得完成家庭作业。
·provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb为某人提供某物 ·providing/provided (that)... 在……条件下;如果;假如
　　表示“给某人提供某物”的其他表达如下所示。
①supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb
②offer sb sth/offer sth to sb
(1)句子语法填空
①Parents are to provide their kids 　　　　 a life of high quality.
②You may keep the book a further week 　　　　(provide) that no one else requires it.
(2)句型转换
③He had a large family to support,and he felt the pressure of being the breadwinner.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　,he felt the pressure of being the breadwinner.(分词作状语,短语替代单词)
④We’ll hold the concert on next Monday if the weather is good.
→We’ll hold the concert on next Monday 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　.
(短语替代单词)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　,we’ll hold the concert on next Monday.
(独立主格结构)
答案:(1)①with　②providing/provided
(2)③Having a large family to provide for　④providing/provided that the weather is good; The weather being good
4.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
看着我们星球的照片,犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
★limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限的
limit n.限度;限制
vt.限制;限定
Families are limited to four free tickets each.
每户限发四张免费票。
Knowledge is without limit.Therefore,we should devote our limited time to acquiring it.
知识是无限的。因此,我们应该把我们有限的时间用于获得知识。
[备用例句]
①With limited time and energy,we have to be careful about what we look for and what we pay attention to.
由于时间和精力有限,我们必须对我们寻找和关注的东西特别留心。
②There is no limit to how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day.
你一天内能吃多少新鲜水果并无上限。
·be limited to...受限制于…… limit...to...把……限定在……的范围内 ·within the limits of 在……的范围内 there is a/no limit to (doing)... 对(做)……是有限的/无限的 set a limit/limits to/on...对……规定限度 beyond the limit超量;超出限度 without limit无限地;无限制地
(1)句子语法填空
①The knowledge of the children is 　　　,but their imagination is 　　　　.(limit)
②Any driver found driving 　　　　 the limit will be charged.
③Life is limited,but there is no limit to 　　　　(learn).
(2)完成句子
④我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内。
I believe teaching should not 　　　　　　　　　.
⑤在我看来,你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
In my opinion,you had better 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:(1)①limited;limitless　②beyond ③learning
(2)④be limited to the classroom　⑤set a limit to/on the expense of your trip
5.It is necessary to find a new home for people in space,as the resources on Earth will run out.
由于地球上的资源将耗尽,有必要在太空中为人们找一个新的家园。
★run out用完;耗尽
After a long walk,he ran out of the water and his strength was also running out.
长途步行后,他的水喝完了,他的体力也快耗尽了。
In the future,caring for the environment will become very important as Earth’s natural resources run out.
在未来,随着地球自然资源的枯竭,保护环境将变得非常重要。
[备用例句]
①If you run after two hares,you will catch neither.
同时追两只兔子,一只也抓不住。
②She ran across an old friend of hers on the way to the station.
在去车站的路上,她碰到了一个老朋友。
③You always run into some difficulties at the beginning of a new job.
在开始一项新工作时,你总是会遇到一些困难。
·run out of(=use up) 用完;用光;用尽 give out(=run out) 耗尽;用光 ·run across(=come across) 偶然遇到 run into撞上;遇到;途中遭遇(恶劣天气) run after追逐;追求 ·in the long/short run 从长远/短期来看
　　give out表示“耗尽;用光”时,与run out用法相同,都是不及物动词短语,主语通常是物,不能用于被动语态;run out of和use up表示“用完;耗尽”时,为及物动词短语,通常以人作主语,可用于被动语态。
(1)用带有run的相关短语填空
①We 　　　　　　　　 thick fog on the way home.
②The cash has 　　　　　　　　,therefore I have to go to the bank to draw some.
③My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had 　　　　　　　　 petrol.
(2)完成句子
④我忍无可忍,开始勃然大怒。(读后续写·情感描写)
I had 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and I began to explode with anger.
⑤当我们遇到一只可爱的野兔时,我们骑上马,兴奋地追着它跑。(读后续写·场景描写)
The moment we 　　　　　　 　　 a cute wild rabbit,we rode our horses and
　　　　　　　 it in excitement.
答案:(1)①ran into　②run out　③run out of
(2)④run out of all my patience　⑤ran across; ran after
6.While sleeping,they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
睡觉时,他们必须依附在某物上,以防止到处飘浮。
★attach vt.系;绑;贴;重视;依恋
attachment n.附属品;附件;依恋
attached adj.附加的;附属的;依恋的
Please don’t attach these labels to your hand luggage.
请不要把这些标签贴在您的手提行李上。
She is very attached to her family and friends.
她非常依恋家人和朋友。
[备用例句]
①This middle school is attached to a normal college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。
②My teacher attaches much importance to reading.
我的老师认为阅读很重要。
③Please check the attachment for relevant details.
请在附件中查看相关细节。
·attach...to...把……附在/绑在……上;使……与……相联系 attach (great/little) importance/value/significance/weight to...认为……(很有/几乎没有)重要性/价值/意义/分量 ·be attached to 附属于;依恋
　　以上带有attach的短语中的to均为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
(1)句子语法填空
①You need to attach a recent photograph 　　　　 your application form.
②For further information,please contact us on the 　　　　(attach) email.
③More luckily,great importance has been attached to 　　　　(protect) our environment since the occurrence of so many natural disasters.
(2)完成句子
④书写至关重要,每个人都应十分重视。(应用文写作·活动介绍)
Handwriting is of such great importance that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
⑤她发现桌子上放着一个盒子,盒子上贴着一张卡片,上面写着“生日快乐”。(读后续写·动作描写)
She found a box lying on the table 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,saying “Happy Birthday”.
答案:(1)①to　②attached　③protecting
(2)④everyone should attach great importance to it　⑤with a card attached to it
1.Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。
◆whether...or...不论……还是……
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) To eat one,you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径),camping,or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road,this quick workshop is for you and your family.
无论你是在野外徒步旅行、露营,还是只是在路边欣赏公园里令人惊叹的野生动物,这个快速的工作坊都是为你和你的家人准备的。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Whether you paint still lives,portraits,or landscapes,paint from life as much as possible.
无论你画静物、肖像还是风景画,都要尽可能地从生活中取材。
[备用例句]
①Whether you like or dislike the job,you have to finish it.
无论你喜欢还是不喜欢这个工作,你都必须完成它。
②Whether happy or sad,she always tries to keep smiling.
不管开心还是难过,她总是试着保持微笑。
·“whether ...or ...”意为“不论……还是……”,它可以用于引出正反、对错等两种概念,是一种强烈的让步语气,即不管情况如何,正反两方面都估计在内,总之,不会影响后面主句动作的结果。 ·在“whether...or...”结构中,or不可省略,也不能用if来取代whether。“whether...or...”后面可以接不定式、形容词或其他短语。
　　“whether...or...”还可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,意为“是……还是……”。引导主语从句时,可用it作形式主语。
Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear.
=It is not clear whether they consider this opinion or not.
他们是否考虑这个意见还不清楚。
完成句子
①无论你是否喜欢这个想法,我都要做下去。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I’m going ahead with it.
②我们似乎拿不定主意是要一个现代化的城市还是一个传统的城市。
We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
③当他问我这样做或那样做是否可行时,我只是不停地点头。 (读后续写·动作描写)
I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
④他是否赢得第一名已经不重要了。正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念,最终使一些不寻常的事情发生了。 (读后续写·主题升华)
It was no more important 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It was his brave heart and strong faith that made something unusual happen finally.
答案:①Whether you like the idea or not　②or a traditional one　③or that way　④whether he won the first place or not
2....is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
……高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。
◆句中twice as high as是一种倍数表达法。
This room is three times as big as that one.
这个房间的面积是那个房间的3倍。
The newly discovered planet is about ten times the size of Earth.
新发现的行星大小约是地球的10倍。
·“A+be+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍” ·“A+be+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍” ·“A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/height/length/width...)+of+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍” ·“A+be+倍数+what从句”,表示“A是……的多少倍”
(1)句子语法填空
①My school has expanded into a big one,which is three times 　　　　(big) than the previous one.
②The output of this year is three times 　　　　 it was in 2021.
(2)一句多译
在建的体育馆将是操场的3倍大。
③The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.(than)
④The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　 　　　　 the playground.
(as...as)
⑤The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the playground.
(size)
答案:(1)①bigger　②what
(2)③three times bigger than　④three times as big as　⑤three times the size of
　However,others feel ①this is a shallow view ②which fails to realise ③how exploring space helps us.
然而,另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点,没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
分析:这是一个主从复合句。句①是宾语从句,作动词feel的宾语;句②是which引导的定语从句,修饰名词view;句③是宾语从句,作动词realise的宾语。
情境写作
①然而,有不少人觉得这是一个不实用的计划,没有意识到环保对我们有多重要。
②我觉得这是一个没能意识到父母的陪伴对孩子有多重要的观点。
答案:①However,quite a few people think this is an impractical plan,which fails to realise how important environmental protection is to us.
②I think this is a point of view that fails to realise how important parental company is to children.
常见的英语逻辑衔接词
一、课文词汇
先后次序关系
1.firstly首先(主要用于列举条目、论点时);第一
2.secondly其次;第二
3.finally最后(用于列举);终于
4.in closing最后
5.then接下来;然后
因果关系
6.as a result所以;结果(是)
7.therefore因此;所以
举例关系
8.for example例如
转折关系
9.instead相反;代替;反而
10.however然而;不过
二、补充词汇
并列关系
11.also/as well as 也
12.either...or...或者……或者……
13.for one thing...for another...一方面……另一方面……
递进关系
14.What’s more 而且;更重要的是
15.not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
强调关系
16.particularly 尤其是
对比关系
17.on the contrary 与此相反
条件关系
18.if so 如果这样的话
19.if possible 如果可能的话
20.provided that...如果……
一、课本原句
1.Instead,we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems,such as pollution and fatal diseases.
相反,我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题,并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。
2.However,others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
然而,另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点,没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
3.Firstly,exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先,太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
4.As a result,space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
因此,基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量,从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
5.In closing,exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
总而言之,太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。
6.Therefore,it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
因此,这项事业应该继续下去,以便为人们(面临的)长期问题和短期问题提供更好的和更新的解决方案。
二、其他表达
7.It’s no trouble at all; on the contrary,it will be a great pleasure to help you.
这根本不麻烦。相反,我很乐意帮助你。
8.I haven’t been to see her for a long time.For one thing,she lives too far away; for another,I’ve been rather busy.
我好久没有去看她了,一来路太远,二来没工夫。
9.If possible,you can reply to me as soon as possible.
如果可能的话,你可以尽快回复我。
10.Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班,而不必开车了。
1.然而,一方面,我们需要仔细考虑利弊,另一方面,我们也需要从不同的角度来看待这个问题。最后,我们不应该局限于一种观点。
2.首先,我们需要找出问题所在。其次,我们应该想出可能的解决办法。例如,增加资源或改变方法。
我们尤其需要确保这些解决办法切实有效。
答案:1.However,for one thing,we need to consider the pros and cons carefully.For another,we also need to look at the issue from different perspectives.In closing,we should not be limited to one point of view.
2.Firstly,we need to identify the problem.Secondly,we should come up with possible solutions,for example,increasing resources or changing the approach.Particularly,we need to make sure that these solutions are practical and effective.
写作专项指导
An argumentative essay about space exploration
1.文体类型:阐述有关太空探索的观点,属于议论文范畴,常用于就某一讨论话题发表个人观点。
2.要点内容:
(1)就“人类是否应该进行太空探索”这一话题进行讨论;
(2)从正反两方面进行论述;
(3)阐明自己的观点并提供论据。
1.首段常用句式。
Different people have different ideas about ...
I hold the view that ...
Different people look at the question in different ways.
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether...or not.
According to a recent survey,...
Opinions are divided on the question.
Every coin has two sides.
2.中段常用句式。
Sixty percent of the people hold the view that ...
I think there are many advantages in exploring space.First...Second...
On the other hand,the rest of the people are against ...
Generally speaking,its advantages can be seen as follows.
Some students are for the idea,while others think otherwise.
However,there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
Some hold the view that...while others think that...
3.尾段常用句式。
I hold the belief that ...
I think we should ...
From my point of view,...
Therefore,we can draw the conclusion that...
最近,你班同学就“人类是否应该进行太空探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索太空不仅能让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于日常生活;也有一些人认为,探索太空花费了大量的人力、物力,影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以上情况用英语写一篇报告,并发表自己的观点。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　是否……
2.　　　　　　　 探索太空
3.　　　　　　　 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
4.　　　　　　　 主张/认为……
5.　　　　　　　 为某人提供某物
答案:1.whether...or not　2.explore space　3.figure out　4.argue that...　5.provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.最近,我们就“人类是否应该进行太空探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。
Recently,we have about the problem 　 .
2.一些人认为,太空探索能让我们弄清楚宇宙是如何发展的。
Some people hold the view that space exploration will enable us to 　　　　　　　　 how the universe develops.
3.更重要的是,它还可以帮助农民种植更多的食物,并将新的先进技术应用到我们的生活中。
What’s more,it can also help farmers to grow more food and 　　　　　　　　　　
　　　　　　　　　　　 our lives.
4.然而,另一些人认为我们应该停止探索太空。
However,other people 　　　　　　　　 we should stop exploring space.
5.它花费太多的时间和金钱。
It costs 　　　　　　　　 time and money.
6.在我看来,人类探索太空是非常必要的。
From my point of view,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 to explore space.
7.它可以为世界提供许多不同的好处。
It can 　　　　 the world 　　　　 many different benefits.
8.它还可以解决人们的短期和长期问题。
It can also 　　　　 people’s short-term and long-term problems.
答案:1.held a heated discussion;whether humans should explore space or not　2.figure out 3.apply the new advanced technology to 4.argue that　5.too much　6.it is very necessary for humans　7.provide;with　8.solve
1.用原因状语从句合并句4和句5。
2.用“not only...but also...”的倒装结构合并句7和句8。
答案:1.However,other people argue that we should stop exploring space because it costs too much time and money.
2.Not only can it provide the world with many different benefits,but it can also solve people’s short-term and long-term problems.
Recently,we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether humans should explore space or not.Opinions are divided.
Some people hold the view that space exploration will enable us to figure out how the universe develops.What’s more,it can also help farmers to grow more food and apply the new advanced technology to our lives.However,other people argue that we should stop exploring space because it costs too much time and money.
From my point of view,it is very necessary for humans to explore space.Not only can it provide the world with many different benefits,but it can also solve people’s short-term and long-term problems.
　　全世界都在提倡网络支付,请写一篇英语作文,并发表自己的观点。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Online payment has been advocated in more and more countries,which is the future way to pay bills.









　　One possible version:
Online payment has been advocated in more and more countries,which is the future way to pay bills. In China,online payment is popular everywhere,and even the small business can be finished in this advanced way. The advantages of online payment are obvious.
Firstly,it saves people’s time to pay bills. The online payment is carried out with a smart phone. Especially when we go to the supermarket,there are always a lot of people waiting in the long line. But now the cashier can just scan the phone and the bill will be paid,saving a lot of time. Secondly,people don’t have to worry about getting the fake cash. Many years ago,people were easy to get fake cash as they received the change. But now,as the cash has been used less,people may not receive the fake cash any more.
In my opinion,with the development of online payment,our life will be more convenient.
Ⅰ.重点讲义回顾
1.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
vt.查明;确定;决定 determine
n.决心;决定;确定 determination
①决定做某事(表示动作) determine to do sth
②决定(做)某事 determine on/upon (doing) sth
③坚决地;果断地 with determination
④得知美术馆下个月要举办国画展览,我决心去当志愿者。(应用文写作·申请信)
Knowing an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next month,I am determined to work as a volunteer.
2.disappointment n.失望;沮丧
vt.使失望;使沮丧 disappoint
adj.失望的;沮丧的 disappointed
adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的 disappointing
①令某人失望的是 to one’s disappointment
②失望地 in disappointment
③对某事感到失望 be disappointed at/with/by sth
④对某人感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb
⑤对做某事感到失望 be disappointed to do sth
⑥他因未能获奖而失望,独自站在窗前。(读后续写·情感描写)
Disappointed at his failing to win a prize,he stood in front of the window alone.
3.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望
①渴望做某事 have a desire to do sth= desire to do sth
②渴望得到某物 have a desire for sth
③想让某人做某事 desire sb to do sth
④渴望/要求…… desire that...(should) do...
⑤如果你想与外国人自由交流,我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。(应用文写作·建议信)
If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely,I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
4.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏
adj.短缺的;不足的 lacking
①因缺乏…… for/through lack of...
②缺乏/缺少…… be lacking in...
③健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。(应用文写作·健康生活)
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
5.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论
n.争论;争吵;论点 argument
①就某事与某人争论/争辩 argue with sb about/over sth=have an argument with sb about/over sth
②据理赞成/反对…… argue for/against...
③主张/认为……(虚拟语气)argue that...(should) do sth
④说服某人做/不做某事 argue sb into/out of doing sth
⑤毋庸置疑,长城是中国的象征。(应用文写作·推荐信)
It is beyond argument that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.
6.limited adj.有限的
adj.无限的 limitless
n.限度;限制vt.限制;限定 limit
①受限制于…… be limited to...
②把……限定在……的范围内 limit...to...
③对(做)……是有限的/无限的 there is a/no limit to (doing)...
④对……规定限度 set a limit/limits to/on...
⑤同时,通过阅读儿童文学,我们的想象力可以无限扩展。(应用文写作·建议信)
Meanwhile,by reading children’s literature,our imaginations can expand without limit.
7.attach vt.系;绑;贴;重视;依恋
n.附属品;附件;依恋 attachment
adj.附加的;附属的;依恋的 attached
①认为……(很有/几乎没有)重要性/价值/意义/分量 attach (great/little) importance/value/significance/weight to...
②附属于;依恋 be attached to
③他拿出吊床(hammock),把它拴在树上,舒舒服服地躺在上面,听着他最喜欢的音乐。(读后续写·动作链描写)
He took out the hammock,attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably,listening to his favourite music.
Ⅱ.重点句型回顾
1.之后,苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.
句式仿写
1932年,她成为第一位独自飞越大西洋的女性。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
In 1932,she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean alone.
2.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
句式仿写
他在电话里说他那天没有参加比赛,因为他感觉不舒服,这让我们都很惊讶。(读后续写·语言描写)
On the phone he said he did not enter the race that day and that was because he was not feeling well,which surprised us all.
3.世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
句式仿写
无论你是否会成功,我们都会一直支持你。(读后续写·语言描写)
Whether you succeed or not,we’ll always be on your side.
4.看着我们星球的照片,犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
句式仿写
父亲来帮忙对他们是一个很大的鼓励。(读后续写·场景描写)
Their father’s coming to help was a great encouragement to them.
5.奥林匹斯山是火星上最大的火山,高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。
Olympus Mons,the largest volcano on Mars,is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
句式仿写
总的来说,他们吃的垃圾食品是其他国家人的两倍。(应用文写作·健康生活)
In general,they eat twice as much junk food as people in other countries.
Ⅲ.重点语法回顾
1.当中心词为序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
2.如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。
3.动词不定式作原因状语,常置于一些形容词或过去分词后,来说明产生某种情感的原因。
4.动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种意想不到的结果,通常与only搭配。现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种顺承的、自然而然的结果。
课时作业(八)　UNIT 4　Part 2
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His 　　　　 (热衷的) interest in space exploration led him to become an astronaut.
2.There is always an 　　　　 (争论) about the existence of aliens in the universe.
3.The research on the universe is so 　　　　 (浅的) that we can only see a small part of it.
4.Satellites are 　　　　 (定期地) sent into space to study the universe.
5.Our knowledge of the universe is 　　　　 (有限的).
6.The 　　　　 (神秘事物) of the universe continue to puzzle scientists.
7. 　　　　 (模式) in the universe can help us understand its formation.
8.Robots can be 　　　　 (绑) to spacecraft for repair work.
答案:1.keen　2.argument　3.shallow 4.regularly　5.limited　6.mysteries
7.Patterns　8.attached
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The hotel has its own pool and leisure 　　　　(facility).
2.My younger brother is keen 　　　　 detective stories.
3.Burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases the 　　　　 (globe) warming.
4.Settle the question by 　　　　(argue),not by fight.
5.His carelessness resulted 　　　　 his failure in the exam.
6.We are reminded to pay attention to the following sentence 　　　　(pattern).
7.This information is only raw data and will need further 　　　　(analyse).
8.He is being constantly 　　　　 (monitor) with regular checks on his blood pressure.
9.Because of my 　　　　 dieting,I am physically unhealthy.So I must have 　　　　 diets and work out 　　　　.(regular)
10.A person’s life is 　　　　 but serving the people is 　　　　.(limit)
答案:1.facilities　2.on　3.global　4.argument　5.in　6.patterns　7.analysis　8.monitored 9.irregular;regular;regularly　10.limited;limitless
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.令我们兴奋的是,这次太空任务带来了许多新发现。
To our excitement,the space mission 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
2.最后,我想对所有的宇航员表示感谢。
　　　　　　　　,I would like to express my gratitude to all the astronauts.
3.燃料耗尽,飞船被迫紧急着陆。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,forcing the spaceship to make an emergency landing.
4.火箭到达的高度是先前记录的两倍。
The rocket reached a height 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 that of the previous record.
5.我们对宇宙的认识仅限于我们所能观察到的。
Our knowledge of the universe 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 what we could observe.
6.政府非常重视这次的太空计划。
The government 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the space programme.
答案:1.resulted in many new discoveries　2.In closing　3.The fuel ran out　4.twice as high as　5.was limited to　6.attached great importance to
Ⅳ.句子语法填空
1.To tell the truth,everyone thought she was the most suitable woman 　　　　(take) the job.
2.When you make a decision 　　　　 (buy) something,you must remember that a good name of a product doesn’t necessarily mean good quality of it.
3.Mary hurried to the booking office,only 　　　　 (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
4.Volunteering gives you a chance 　　　　 (change) lives,including your own.
5.This is the only way we can come up with 　　　　 (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
答案:1.to take　2.to buy　3.to be told　4.to change　5.to reduce
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
China’s Yutu 2 Rover (探月车),which was crossing a crater (环形山) on the far side of the moon,discovered a mysterious,cube-like structure as it scanned the skyline.The unknown structure seemed to be located around 260 feet away from where the Rover crossed.
Our Space,associated with the Chinese National Space Administration which controls Yutu 2,first noted the object in a post;the story gave a nickname to the object “mystery hut”.Yutu 2 has since adjusted course to check out the cube,and will spend the next 2 to 3 lunar days investigating this mysterious moon feature.
The Yutu 2 Rover launched with China’s Chang’e 4 mission in 2018,reached the moon in January 2019.The mission aimed to discover more about the far side of the moon,or as pop culture calls it,the “dark side” of the moon.Contrary to this nickname,the far side of the moon is not actually always dark,it just faces away from Earth.The rover,solar powered,goes into a kind of hibernation (休眠) when the sun sets on the far side of the moon,and wakes up to work when the sun rises over the crater.
Yutu 2 has seen plenty of interesting moon features in its travels already,including a strange gel (胶状物) that turned out to be some rocks melted together,and some pieces that were likely to be from the impact of a meteor(流星).The Chang’e 4 mission has also brought forth some fascinating new discoveries like what could be pieces of the moon’s mantle (覆盖层).
Whatever this structure turns out to be,Yutu 2 will continue uncovering other secrets the “dark side” of the moon is holding.
(　　)1.What does “mystery hut” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Yutu 2 Rover.
B.A cube-like structure.
C.A newly discovered crater.
D.Chinese National Space Administration.
(　　)2.Why was Yutu 2 sent onto the moon
A.To research into the dark side of the moon.
B.To explore the use of solar energy on the moon.
C.To take pictures of the sun from the far side of the moon.
D.To measure the distance between Earth and the moon.
(　　)3.What can we learn from the discoveries made by Yutu 2
A.Sunshine cannot reach the far side of the moon.
B.The temperature on the moon is always changing.
C.Many rocky mountains rise on the surface of the moon.
D.The moon may have been crashed into by another object.
(　　)4.In which section of a website may this text appear
A.Health. B.Technology.
C.Politics. D.Economy.
语篇导读:本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的“玉兔二号”探月车在月球背面进行的移动探测及其发现。
答案及剖析:
1.B　猜测短语题。根据画线短语前的the object以及画线短语后的“Yutu 2 has since adjusted course to check out the cube”可知,画线短语指的是第一段中的a mysterious,cube-like structure,故选B。
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,发送“玉兔二号”探月车的目的是研究月球的背面,故选A。
3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句可知,“玉兔二号”的发现表明月球可能被另一物体撞击过,故选D。
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍的是中国的“玉兔二号”探月车在月球背面进行的移动探测及其发现,这属于科技范畴,因此本文最有可能出现在科技板块,故选B。
B
The Shrinking Storm on Jupiter(木星)
It’s snowing,but the clouds are red.The wind howls at 400 miles an hour,faster than a hurricane.And it’s colder than the North Pole.Named the Great Red Spot,this storm is on Jupiter,the largest planet that goes around the sun.The storm is shrinking.No one knows why—or what it will do next.
Astronomers discovered the Great Red Spot by looking at Jupiter through telescopes.The spot,once estimated to be 2.6×104 km across,was just 1.2×104 km wide when the Hubble Space Telescope last observed it.“It’s at the smallest size that we’ve ever seen,” says Dr Amy Simon,an astronomer who studies the storm.It’s also changing shape,looking more like a circle than its usual oval.
Jupiter differs greatly from Earth.It’s made mostly of hydrogen and helium(氦).However,Jupiter’s great gravity squeezes the hydrogen and helium,turning most of these elements into liquid.Only the outer part of Jupiter is gas.And that’s where the Great Red Spot is.No one knows why the Great Red Spot is red.
Like Jupiter’s air,the spot is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gases.But they have no colour.So something else must colour the spot red.
Mysteries abound about the spot,such as what powers it and why it is so red.Now another one arises.The Great Red Spot has lasted longer than any storm on Earth.On Earth,hurricanes weaken when they move from sea to land,and when they move north or south.Neither of these things happens on Jupiter.Yet the storm is shrinking.“Could it disappear ”asks Dr Simon.“Would I bet money on it one way or the other Probably not.”
(　　)5.What do we learn about the Great Red Spot
A.It is getting smaller and rounder.
B.It is getting colder and faster.
C.It is getting higher and redder.
D.It is getting redder and lighter.
(　　)6.What can we learn about Jupiter from this article
A.It is bigger than the sun.
B.It has slight gravity.
C.It contains liquid and gas.
D.It usually looks red.
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “abound” in the last paragraph mean
A.Get solved finally.
B.Go missing abruptly.
C.Exist numerously.
D.Decrease gradually.
(　　)8.What is Dr Simon’s attitude towards the disappearance of the Great Red Spot
A.Hopeful. B.Confident.
C.Worried. D.Doubtful.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章介绍了天文学家通过望远镜发现了木星的大红斑,还发现大红斑正变得越来越小,越来越圆。
答案及剖析:
5.A　细节理解题。根据文章标题、第一段的“The storm is shrinking.”以及第二段的“The spot,once estimated... ‘It’s at the smallest size that we’ve ever seen,’says Dr Amy Simon”可知,大红斑(the Great Red Spot)正变得越来越小;根据第二段的最后一句可知,大红斑变得越来越圆。故选A。
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“It’s made mostly of... into liquid.”可知,木星主要由氢和氦组成,然而木星的巨大引力挤压了氢和氦,将它们中的大多数变成了液体;再根据第三段的第三句可知,木星外层部分是气体。由此可知,木星上有液体和气体,故选C。
7.C　猜测词义题。画线词所在段中的“what powers it and why it is so red”和another one指的都是谜团(Mysteries),结合语境推测,此处想表达这些谜团有很多,现在又出现了另一个。结合选项可知C项与画线词表达的意思一致,意为“大量存在;有许多”,故选C。
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Simon博士对大红斑是否会消失这件事不敢打赌(bet),也就是并不确定。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.Yet more than half of them have 　1　 to reach the planet about 55 million kilometres away from Earth.So after China’s Mars probe,Tianwen 1,was 　2　 on 23 July 2020,there was an 　3　 wait for its progress.
The craft landed 　4　 on the surface of the planet on 15 May 2021.The news met with both 　5　 and celebration in the country.The landing was 　6　 exactly as planned,which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering
　7　,and shows that China has 　8　 the technologies independently.
It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China’s scientific and technological development in recent decades 　9　 some failures in exploring outer space.
China made its early 　10　 in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s when the country 　11　 largely a backward agricultural country.　12　,the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades,making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause.
In April 2021,China sent Tianhe into space,　13　 a series of launches that finally completed the building of the space station in 2022.
All these achievements have 　14　 greatly to the peaceful use of outer space.During its Mars mission,China has worked with European 　15　 and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future.
(　　)1.A.begun B.failed
C.attempted D.succeeded
(　　)2.A.transported B.discovered
C.launched D.settled
(　　)3.A.anxious B.aware
C.awkward D.amazing
(　　)4.A.suddenly B.safely
C.calmly D.obviously
(　　)5.A.protest B.regret
C.pity D.relief
(　　)6.A.carried away B.carried off
C.carried out D.carried on
(　　)7.A.explorers B.applicants
C.officials D.editors
(　　)8.A.borrowed B.selected
C.developed D.removed
(　　)9.A.without B.beyond
C.except D.despite
(　　)10.A.promises B.impacts
C.inventions D.breakthroughs
(　　)11.A.became B.remained
C.ended D.started
(　　)12.A.Thus B.Therefore
C.Furthermore D.However
(　　)13.A.starting off B.cutting off
C.getting off D.putting off
(　　)14.A.appealed B.contributed
C.responded D.belonged
(　　)15.A.neighbours B.friends
C.partners D.classmates
语篇导读:本文是说明文。“天问一号”成功着陆火星是中国太空技术发展的巨大飞跃。
答案及剖析:
1.B　根据“Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.”和Yet可知,超过一半的火星任务未能到达距离地球约5 500万公里的行星。failed to do sth意为“未能做成某事”,符合语境。故选B。
2.C　根据下文“The craft landed 　4　 on the surface of the planet on 15 May 2021.”和常识可知,此处指“天问一号”的发射(launched)。故选C。
3.A　根据上文可知,火星任务失败率很高,因此在“天问一号”发射之后,所有人都在焦急(anxious)等待它的进展情况。故选A。
4.B　根据“The news met with both 　5　 and celebration in the country.”可知,飞行器安全(safely)着陆在火星表面,举国欢庆。故选B。
5.D　根据“The craft landed 　4　 on the surface of the planet”可知,飞行器安全着陆火星的消息令人宽慰(relief)。故选D。
6.C　根据as planned可知,飞行器的着陆是按计划实施(carried out)的。故选C。
7.A　根据下一段的in exploring outer space可知,飞行器安全地着陆在火星表面是一次太空探索,中国已然跻身于世界先锋探索者(explorers)行列。故选A。
8.C　根据the technologies independently可知,此次火星着陆证明中国已经自主研发(developed)出了此类技术。故选C。
9.D　根据some failures in exploring outer space可知,空后与主句之间有让步关系,尽管(despite)太空探索曾遇到失败,但是敢做能为的精神还是在科技发展过程中发挥了重大作用。故选D。
10.D　根据in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s可知,中国在火箭和太空技术方面取得了早期的突破(breakthroughs)。故选D。
11.B　根据from the 1960s when和largely a backward agricultural country并结合常识可知,当时中国在很大程度上仍是(remained)一个落后的农业国家。故选B。
12.D　根据“the country has made the most of what it had...move ahead in the aerospace cause”与上文的largely a backward agricultural country可知,前后为转折关系。故选D。
13.A　根据“China sent Tianhe into space”和下文a series of launches可知,随着天和核心舱进入太空,中国开始了(starting off)一系列建设太空站的发射任务。故选A。
14.B　根据greatly to the peaceful use of outer space可知,中国的所有这些成就极大地促进了(contributed)外太空的和平使用。故选B。
15.C　根据“and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future”可知,在火星任务实施期间,中国已经和其他国家一起合作来探索太空。故选C。
Ⅲ.写作训练
你校英文报正在组织题为“My Understanding of Space Exploration”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.太空探索的重要性;
2.你的理由;
3.举例说明。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
My Understanding of Space Exploration
[写作指导]
One possible version:
My Understanding of Space Exploration
In my opinion,space exploration is crucial for the progress and development of mankind.The reasons are as follows.
First of all,people can attain new knowledge of outer space through their exploration.Secondly,human beings could get access to new resources,thus solving energy shortage problems on Earth.Thirdly,this exploration could possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.
We often benefit from space exploration.For example,space exploration has given us communications satellites,which enable us to stay connected globally.Overall,space exploration is essential for our future and should continue to be a priority.
核心素养提升(UNIT 4)
扫码获取音频
第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分)
第一节　(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
(　　)1.How much does the chair cost now
A.￡80. B.￡72.
C.￡10.
(　　)2.What is the time now
A.4:40. B.5:00. C.5:20.
(　　)3.Who could help the woman
A.Her neighbour. B.Her teacher.
C.The man.
(　　)4.Where will the woman go first
A.To the beach. B.To the bank.
C.To the toilet.
(　　)5.What are the speakers talking about
A.A broken bridge. B.A car accident.
C.A traffic jam.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
(　　)6.What is the conversation mainly about
A.Applying for a passport.
B.Growing up in a rich family.
C.Borrowing money from a bank.
(　　)7.What kind of identification does the man have to bring tomorrow
A.A passport.
B.A driver’s licence.
C.A letter from a relative.
听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
(　　)8.What happened to the boy
A.He got lost.
B.He fought with Paul.
C.He was badly injured.
(　　)9.How does the woman probably feel at the end of the conversation
A.Angry. B.Disappointed.
C.Relieved.
听第8段材料,回答第10～12题。
(　　)10.What did the man lose
A.The receipt. B.The wallet.
C.The plane tickets.
(　　)11.What does the woman think of the man
A.He is forgetful. B.He is too busy.
C.He is careless.
(　　)12.Where does the woman suggest the man search
A.In his suitcase. B.In his pockets.
C.In his desk.
听第9段材料,回答第13～16题。
(　　)13.How does the man feel about the technology show
A.A little disappointed.
B.Quite impressed.
C.Very confused.
(　　)14.Why is the woman concerned
A.She thinks the man is careless about people.
B.She has no idea what she will write for her term paper.
C.She is afraid using robots might not be good for people.
(　　)15.According to the man,what should their country do
A.Research the effects of robots on daily life.
B.Become more competitive by using robots.
C.Hire more engineers to develop new technology.
(　　)16.What is the probable relationship between the speakers
A.Co-workers.
B.Boss and employee.
C.Classmates.
听第10段材料,回答第17～20题。
(　　)17.What does the speaker want to tell us about
A.How money came into use.
B.Something about money used in the early days.
C.How to decide the value of money.
(　　)18.Which of the following might have been used as money in Asia
A.Tea. B.Salt. C.Nuts.
(　　)19.Who were the first people to use coin money
A.European.
B.American Indians.
C.Chinese.
(　　)20.Which statement is TRUE
A.Things lowly valued by everyone may not serve as money.
B.Salt is seldom used as a kind of money.
C.The most common money of all was a plant of some kind.
听力原文
第一节
(Text 1)
W:Excuse me,I’m interested in that chair—the one for eighty pounds.
M:Actually,there’s ten percent off everything in the shop this week.
(Text 2)
M:I’m going to visit my aunt in New York.I told her to meet me at the airport at 5:00.See,we’ll reach there very soon.
W:Yes,in 20 minutes.
(Text 3)
W:I’m making a card for my language teacher.I can’t remember the German for “Get better soon”.
M:Why don’t you ask your neighbour Ingrid She speaks German fluently.
(Text 4)
M:Hey,Lynn.What’s up Are you heading to the beach,too
W:I’m trying to get there as fast as I can.By the way,I need to deposit some money at the bank.But first,I’ve really got to find a ladies’ room!
(Text 5)
W:John,listen to the traffic news.Due to a bridge falling down,moving is very difficult around Norcombe Central Station.
M:Terrible.And the police recommend buses and cars should avoid the area for the time being.
第二节
(Text 6)
W:I’m not able to help you with such an unusual request,Mr DeBeers.Why would someone so rich need to borrow $10,000
M:That’s the funny thing,Ms Rothschild.I’m not who you think I am.I’m a distant relation to those wealthy people.We just share the same last name.I’m actually quite poor.
W:Hmm...well,in this case,the bank will have to make sure you are who you say you are.Do you have any ID with you
M:Yes,I brought my driver’s licence.
W:I think we’ll need more than that to check your identity.Do you have a passport
M:Yes,but I left it at home.
W:Then,please bring it with you tomorrow.
(Text 7)
M:Hello,Mum,it’s me.Look,I know you must be really angry and I’m very sorry.
We didn’t mean to get lost.
W:Oh,Peter,it’s so good to hear your voice!We’ve been worried about you.We were sure this phone call would be bad news.I mean,it’s been three days!Are you really OK
M:Yeah,Paul’s got slight injuries from his fall out on the hills,but other than that,yeah,we’re doing fine.
W:Well,thank goodness!When do you think you’ll be able to get home
M:The day after tomorrow.
(Text 8)
M:I can’t find the receipt for my plane tickets from that trip I took last week.
W:Not again,Phil!This is the third time this week you’ve lost something.
M:I need to find that receipt,or my company won’t pay me back for my plane tickets.
I’ve looked in my desk,in the wallet,in the pockets...
W:If I were you,I’d check the suitcase you were using during the trip.Remember what happened last time
M:Oh,yeah,thanks a lot.I think I lost it there.
(Text 9)
M:Did you see those robots They were so smart!I can’t believe how many different kinds there were at the technology show.They could do so many things,too!Even activities that I thought could only be done by human hands!
W:It’s really amazing.
M:I understand why they say that the world’s future is in robots.They will change society!
W:That’s exactly what I’m afraid of.Can we predict what the consequences will be
M:Well,it is hard to say.
W:I’m worried what the average person will experience as they communicate with robots on a daily basis.We are already surrounded by technology day and night in this modern society.Will some people completely lose the ability to form relationships with other people These are some of the questions I’ll be researching for my term paper.
M:I understand your concerns,but I think our country needs to become more competitive with other countries that are also developing this technology.We can ask Prof Smith to talk a bit more about this in his next class.
(Text 10)
M:Good morning everybody.My topic for today is “Early Money”.I’m going to tell you something about money used in the early days.To be honest,we know little about how early people came to use money,but we do know some of the things that have been used as money.In early times in some European countries,salt was difficult to get.It was used as money.In some parts of Asia,tea was used for money.The American Indians used nuts and other things.Perhaps the most common money of all was an animal of some kind.In some places today,cows are still used as a kind of money.So you see,things highly valued by everybody may serve as money.The Chinese were the first people to use coins as money.
答案:1～5　BAACC　　6～10　CAACA
11～15　CABCB 　　16～20　CBACA
第二部分　阅读理解(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
What does it take to become an astronaut It’s a question that has been asked since the start of the Space Age in the 1960s.In those days,pilots were considered the most well-trained professionals, so military(军队的) fliers were first in line to go to space.More recently,people from a wide range of professional backgrounds—
doctors,scientists,and even teachers—have trained to live and work in near -Earth orbit.Even so,those selected to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition.Each country’s space programme has health requirements for its space travellers.They usually assess(评估) a candidate’s fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions.For example,a good candidate must have the ability to endure the rigors(艰苦) of lift-off and to function in weightlessness.All astronauts must have good visual acuity(敏锐度) and normal blood pressure.Beyond that,there is no age limit.Most astronaut trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46,although older people have also flown to space later in their careers.
People who go to space are usually self-confident risk-takers,expert at stress management and multitasking.They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment.On Earth,astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties,such as speaking to the public,working with other professionals,and sometimes even testifying before government officials.
So,astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen as valuable team members.
Often,astronauts have a background as scientists and many have high-level degrees,like doctorate degrees.Others have military training or space industry expertise.Regardless of their background,once an astronaut is accepted into a country’s space programme,he or she goes through strict training to actually live and work in space.
(　　)21.Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut
A.Normal blood pressure.
B.Good eyesight.
C.Tough body.
D.Young age.
(　　)22.According to the passage,what is necessary for an astronaut
A.Being strong and healthy.
B.Self-confidence.
C.Being able to work under great pressure.
D.All of the above.
(　　)23.Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties
A.To make them famous among people.
B.To relieve their feeling of tension.
C.To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D.To promote public interest in the aerospace.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要分析了一名宇航员需要具备的条件。
答案及剖析:
21.D　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Beyond that,there is no age limit.”可知,相比于其他条件,年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。故选D。
22.D　细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知,宇航员需要健康且强壮的身体;根据第三段内容可知,宇航员需要充满自信且能承受高压。故选D。
23.C　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,宇航员被要求履行公共职责是为了锻炼他们的团队合作能力,提高他们的团队合作意识,使他们成为有价值的团队成员。故选C。
B
There may be a reason why astronauts are crazy about the view from space but never mention the food.Astronauts aboard the International Space Station must drink meals out of a plastic squeeze-bag because of zero gravity.Food in space can only be reheated instead of being cooked fresh.Besides,meals for each crew member must be stored in advance and eaten in order.All of this may sound a little difficult to accept.
Therefore,it was one small step for interstellar (星际的) cuisine when an astronaut posted photos of herself holding pancakes gorged with beef,tomatoes and a fresh hatch chilli grown aboard the International Space Station itself.
“Best space pancakes yet,” she shared online.
Another astronaut posted on the Internet,“It is such a joy to grow (and eat) your own food,and necessary for further exploration of our solar system.” It seems there is a suitcase -sized space garden aboard the ISS (International Space Station) that holds about six “pillows” stuffed with clay and fertiliser,and a LED light.
Astronauts have grown several kinds of vegetables including Chinese cabbage and red Russian kale (羽衣甘蓝) in this micro-plot,to test which plants might grow best during a long space voyage.
We called Melva Aguirre,who owns the Pepper Pot in Hatch,N.M.,home of hatch chilli.She says the harvest of their famous local crop in outer space is the talk of the town.“Now the whole universe knows how great our chillies are,” she said.When I asked if she could recommend a hatch chilli recipe,Aguirre told me,“Just stuff it.” “Stuff it ” I asked,and she laughed and said,“I mean,in your mouth.” A recipe even I can follow.
(　　)24.What can we know about astronauts’ eating food in the space station
A.The food is inviting to the astronauts.
B.The food can be cooked in various ways.
C.The astronauts can’t have meals as they wish.
D.Astronauts don’t care about what they eat in the space station.
(　　)25.Which of the following can best explain the underlined word “gorged” in Paragraph 2
A.Subscribed. B.Filled.
C.Awarded. D.Revealed.
(　　)26.Why do astronauts grow Chinese cabbage and other vegetables aboard the ISS
A.To kill the spare minutes.
B.To entertain themselves during the voyage.
C.To explore the universe.
D.To test for the plants growing best.
(　　)27.What is the best title for the passage
A.Challenges Astronauts Face in Space
B.The Best Food Ever for Space Voyages
C.Dining on the International Space Station
D.The Constant Steps of Human’s Space Exploration
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章介绍了宇航员在空间站的饮食现状及太空食物研究的新成果。
答案及剖析:
24.C　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后三句可知,空间站的宇航员不能随心所欲吃他们想吃的食物。故选C。
25.B　猜测词义题。根据画线词所在句并结合常识可推测,gorged意为“塞满”,即煎饼里塞满了牛肉、西红柿和辣椒。故选B。
26.D　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句可知,宇航员在国际空间站种植大白菜和其他蔬菜是为了测试哪种植物长得最好。故选D。
27.C　标题归纳题。 通读全文可知,文章介绍了宇航员在空间站的饮食现状及太空食物研究的新成果。C项符合文章大意,适合作本文的最佳标题。故选C。
C
When thinking about placing a human being in space,one of the most important questions is how to design special clothing needed to protect a person from the dangers of the space environment.The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time.The heat of the sun can cause serious burns.The lack of atmosphere can cause gases in space to expand and even burst.With no oxygen to breathe,a human being will die in only a few moments.Radiation from the Sun is another risk in space.So is damage from small pieces of rock and objects like meteoroids (陨石).
In the 1930s,an American flyer,Wiley Post,designed the first successful device to protect a pilot at extreme heights.It was a large device that looked like a can surrounding the pilot’s head.Astronauts in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s.The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post.
Today,astronauts wear very different protective clothing.It lets them move,do useful tasks,and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours.The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU.It was designed to last longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits.
The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand,which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly.
Nowadays,NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuits that would be needed for exploration of the planet Mars.Because of the gravity on Mars,
spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon.The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from dust carried in the winds on Mars.And,they must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer flight to and from the red planet.
(　　)28.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to according to the passage
A.A device. B.A fly.
C.A pilot. D.A head.
(　　)29.Which of the following does not belong to the dangers of space environment
A.Lack of oxygen.
B.The heat from the sun.
C.The specially designed clothing.
D.Radiation from the sun.
(　　)30.Which statement is TRUE based on this passage
A.Wiley Post designed the first protective clothing for astronauts.
B.EMU has many parts that can be linked together by using two hands.
C.Special spacesuits have been used for exploration of the planet Mars.
D.Astronauts in earlier spacesuits had difficulty in moving,doing useful tasks and so on.
(　　)31.What might be the main topic of the passage
A.Space exploration.
B.Astronauts’ flights.
C.The advantages of spacesuits.
D.The development of spacesuits.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空服的发展历程。
答案及剖析:
28.A　代词指代题。根据第二段的前两句可知,that指代上文提到的the first successful device,是一种设备。故选A。
29.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,太空中的危险包括缺氧、太阳的高温、太阳的辐射,特殊设计的衣服不属于太空环境的危险。故选C。
30.D　细节理解题。根据第三段的前两句可知,以前的太空服不能让宇航员行动自如,也不便于他们执行任务等。故选D。
31.D　推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句并通读全文可知,文章主要讲的是太空服的发展历程。由此可推断,文章的主题是太空服的发展。故选D。
D
A moon crystal found by China is giving scientists hope of providing limitless power for Earth forever.
The moon crystal has a key ingredient (成分) for the nuclear fusion (核聚变) process,a form of power production that controls the same forces that supply energy for the sun and other stars in space.The crystal was found in the matter collected from the moon in 2020 and makes China the third country to discover new moon matter.
One of the primary ingredients found in this crystal is helium-3,which scientists believe may provide a ever-growing energy source for nuclear fusion reactors.The ingredient is hardly seen on Earth,but it seems to be fairly common on the moon.China launched Chang’e 6 in 2024,which attempted to collect the first samples (样品) from the other side of the moon — which never faces Earth.
For years,scientists have been attracted by helium-3 and its possible source of energy for nuclear fusion.Nuclear fusion reactions happen naturally,when two light atoms crash into a heavier one,under extreme pressure and heat.They take place inside stars,but humans have yet to create a fusion reactor with enough energy to start the process.
Helium-3 is promising as it produces less radiation and nuclear waste than other ingredients,according to the European Space Agency.The present nuclear fission
(核裂变) process used in nuclear power plants,delivers not only energy but radioactivity,and the used nuclear energy must be reprocessed into harmful chemicals and other waste.It’s a process that(共149张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
头脑风暴·思维发散
Mankind desires to explore the universe in the hope of knowing more about it.As a result,many satellites have been launched,orbiting around Earth.Astronauts have been sent into space by spacecraft and carried on spacewalks.They do experiments on board,collecting sufficient data.Meanwhile,some data can be transmitted to Earth.However,as a result of limited resources,there are still many mysteries in the universe.In closing,people should attach importance to the exploration of space to figure out unknown problems.
Part 1
Listening and Speaking—
Discovering Useful Structures
自主预习·课前清障
基础识记
阅读单词
1.astronaut　　 n.
2.rocket n.
3.gravity n.
4.frontier n.
5.vehicle n.
宇航员;太空人
火箭;火箭弹
重力;引力
边境;国界;边远地区
交通工具;车辆
6.satellite n.
7.orbit n.
vt.& vi.
8.leap n.
vi.& vt.
9.mankind n.
10.agency n.
11.data n.[pl.]
人造卫星;卫星
(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道;势力范围
沿轨道运行;环绕……运行
跳跃;剧增;剧变
跳过;跃过
人类
(政府的)专门机构;服务机构;代理处
资料;数据
12.spacecraft n.
13.spacewalk n.
14.jade n.
15.module n.
16.muscle n.
17.solar adj.
航天器;宇宙飞船
太空行走;太空行走的时间
玉;翡翠;玉器
舱;组件;模块
肌肉;实力;影响力
太阳的;太阳能的
核心单词
1. 　　 n.程序;步骤;手续
2. abbr.厘米
3. vt.& n.发射;发起;上市
4. adj.巨大的;伟大的
n.巨人;巨兽;伟人
5. n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
procedure
cm
launch
giant
desire
6. vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号
n.信号;标志
7. vt.回收利用;再利用
8. vi.浮动;漂流;漂浮
vt.使浮动;使漂流
9. adv.否则;要不然
10. prep.在更远处;超出
signal
recycle
float
otherwise
beyond
运用词汇
1.mental adj.精神的;思想的→ adv.精神上;智力上;思想上
2.intelligent adj.有智慧的;聪明的;有智力的→ n.智力;才智;智慧→ adv.聪明地;明智地
3.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的→ vt.查明;确定;决定→ n.决心;决定;确定
4.transmit vt.& vi.传输;发送→ n.(无线电、电视等信号的)播送,发送
mentally
intelligence
intelligently
determine
determination
transmission
5.disappointment n.失望;沮丧→ vt.使失望;使沮丧→
adj.失望的;沮丧的→ adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
6.universe n.宇宙;天地万物→ adj.普遍的;全世界的;共同的→ adv.普遍地;到处
7.independently adv.独立地;自立地→ adj.独立的;自立的→ n.独立;自主→ vi.依靠
disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
universal
universally
independent
independence
depend
8.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏→ adj.短缺的;不足的
9.current adj.当前的;现在的 n.水流;电流;思潮→ adv.现时;当前→ n.通货;货币;流行
10.sufficient adj.足够的;充足的→ adv.充分地;足够地→
n.足量;充足→ adj.不充分的;不够重要的
lacking
currently
currency
sufficiently
sufficiency
insufficient
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 　　　　　　　　 仰望;查阅
2. 决定/决心做某事
3. 成功做某事
4. 集中注意力于
5. 在宇宙飞船上;在船上;在飞机上
6. 确保;确信;查明;弄清楚
look up
determine/be determined to do sth
succeed in doing sth
focus on
on board
make sure
7. 出故障
8. 相信;信任
9. 继续做;坚持干
10. 取得很大的进步
11. 抱着……的希望
12. 为了;以便
13. 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
go wrong
believe in
carry on
make great progress
in the hope of doing sth
so as to (do sth)
figure out
重点句型
1.之后,苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
Afterwards,the USSR sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became 　
.
focused on
the first person in the world
to enter space
2.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration .
3.尽管困难重重,科学家们希望能有更多有价值的发现,使得人类延续生存,直到未来。
Despite the difficulties,scientists hope to make more valuable discoveries 　
.
This is because
despite the huge risks
that will enable the human race to survive well into
the future
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——了解太空探索的发展历程
2.语篇类型:科普
3.课文内容分析:本文主要介绍了太空探索事业的发展,以及中国对太空探索做出的贡献和成就。本文一方面帮助学生了解人类为探索浩瀚的宇宙付出的努力(包括宇航员在探索过程中付出的生命代价,但是失败和挫折未能阻止人类探索太空的脚步);另一方面帮助学生了解我国在太空探索领域取得的辉煌成就以及对人类太空探索事业的贡献,从而坚定文化自信,增强爱国情怀和民族自豪感。阅读本文,有利于引导学生树立远大志向,刻苦学习,为中国未来的航天事业贡献自己的力量。
多维解读·深度剖析
vehicles
achievements
determination
progress
future
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.What can be inferred from Neil Armstrong’s words
A.Neil Armstrong has made unbelievable achievements.
B.It is easy for him to step onto the surface of the moon.
C.Human beings have made a great breakthrough in history.
D.In exploring space,the US achieved more than the USSR.
C
(　　)2.How is Paragraph 2 organised
A.By giving examples. B.By comparison.
C.By listing numbers. D.By telling a story.
A
(　　)3.What does the passage mainly talk about
A.The history and future of space exploration.
B.The accidents in space exploration.
C.The importance of space exploration.
D.The vehicles used in space exploration.
A
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.However,scientists were determined to realise that dream.
然而,科学家们决意要实现这个梦想。
★determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
determine vt.查明;确定;决定
determination n.决心;决定;确定
Determined to study hard,he dug a hole in the wall to “steal” light from his neighbour to read at night.
他决心努力学习,在墙上挖了一个洞,从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上
读书。
He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.
他决心从事业失败中爬起来,重新开始新的生活。
With a determined effort,they finished the three-day task in a single day.
他们经过坚定的努力在一天内完成了三天的任务。
[备用例句]
①As a student in senior high school,the most important task is to study hard,which determines our future.
作为一名高中生,最重要的任务是努力学习,这决定着我们的未来。
②We at last determined on this problem.
我们终于决定了这个问题。
归纳拓展
·be determined (not) to do sth 决心(不)做某事(表示状态)
be determined that...决心……
·determine to do sth 决定做某事(表示动作)
determine on/upon (doing) sth 决定(做)某事
·with determination 坚决地;果断地
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①We determined 　　　　 (work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.
②He has determined 　　　　 working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.
③The 　　　 　 (determine) look in their eyes told us that nothing could make them change their minds.
to work
on/upon
determined
(2)完成句子
④桑德拉决心成为一名医生,并且她的坚持不懈得到了回报。(应用文写作·人物介绍)
Sandra 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 and her persistence paid off.
⑤正是那种勇气和决心使他成为这样一个非凡的人物。(读后续写·主题升华句)
It’s 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 that makes him such a remarkable character.
was determined to become a doctor
that kind of courage and determination
语境串词
I am determined to pursue my dreams,no matter how difficult they may seem.I have determined on a path that leads to success,
and I will not give up.My determination is unshakable,and I am determined that I will achieve my goals.
我决心追求我的梦想,不管它们看起来有多困难。我已决心走上一条通往成功的道路,我不会放弃。我的决心是不可动摇的,我决心要实现我的目标。
2.However,while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment,the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而,虽然这些灾难带来了许多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
◆disappointment n.失望;沮丧
disappoint vt.使失望;使沮丧
disappointed adj.失望的;沮丧的
disappointing adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
As the twins looked around them in disappointment ,their father appeared.
当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时,他们的父亲出现了。
To her disappointment ,her best friend didn’t come to her birthday party.
令她失望的是,她最好的朋友没有参加她的生日派对。
[备用例句]
①I am afraid you are very disappointed at/ with/by my old bike.
恐怕你对我的旧自行车非常不满意吧。
②We were disappointed to learn that you could not come.
听说你不能来,我们感到失望。
③Jack seems to think this year’s basketball season will be disappointing.
杰克似乎认为今年的篮球赛季会令人失望。
归纳拓展
·to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
in disappointment失望地
·be disappointed at/with/by sth对某事感到失望
be disappointed in/with sb对某人感到失望
be disappointed to do sth对做某事感到失望
be disappointed that...对……感到失望
语境运用
(1)一句多译
令他们失望的是,他们第一次尝试就没能做好母亲节的早餐。(读后续写·情感描写)
①　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(介词短语作状语)
②　　　　　　　　　 　 　　　　　　 was that they failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt.(what引导主语从句)
To their disappointment
What made them disappointed/What disappointed them
③They failed to cook a Mother’s Day breakfast at the first attempt,　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　.
(非限制性定语从句)
(2)翻译句子
④我们失望地发现博物馆关门了。

which made them disappointed/which disappointed them
⑤汤姆没来,她无法掩饰失望之情。

We were deeply disappointed to find that the museum was closed.
She couldn’t hide her disappointment when Tom didn’t turn up.
★desire n.渴望;欲望
vt.渴望;期望
Since you have a strong desire to learn Chinese,I recommend this book to you.
既然你渴望学习中文,我向你推荐这本书。
Everyone has a desire for success.However,not everyone has the courage and determination to pursue it.
每个人都渴望成功。然而,并不是每个人都有勇气和决心去追求它。
The teacher desired that all the exercises (should)be handed in before school was over.
老师要求在放学前把所有的作业都交上来。
归纳拓展
to do sth 渴望做某事
for sth 渴望得到某物
·have a desire
·desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth想让某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...渴望/要求……
温馨提示
①desire不用于进行时态,后接宾语从句时,宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。另外,含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。
②desire作动词时,后只可接不定式,不可接动名词。
③和desire一样,接名词性从句时,从句谓语动词用“(should) do”形式的动词有一“坚持”(insist);二“命令”(order、command);三“建议”(suggest、propose、advise);四“要求”(demand、require、request、desire)。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①The determined girl has a strong desire 　　　　 knowledge.
②Mike desired 　　　　(find) a job in this city and settled there.
(2)完成句子
③得知你极其渴望学好汉语,我想给你一些建议。(应用文写作·建议信)
Knowing 　 ,
I’d like to offer you some suggestions.
for
to find
you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well
④失望的双胞胎想要他们的父亲告诉他们如何做三明治,父亲乐意地点了点头。(读后续写·动作描写)
The disappointed twins 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 how to make sandwiches,and their father nodded willingly.
desired their father to tell them
语境串词
My son desires that he should be admitted to that famous university.Besides,he has a strong desire to major in maths while I desire him to study engineering.
我的儿子渴望被那所著名的大学录取。此外,他渴望主修数学,而我想让他学工程学。
3.In 2022,the launch of the Mengtian module signalled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.
2022年,梦天舱的发射标志着天宫空间站的基本建成。
★signal vt.& vi.标志着;标明;发信号
n.信号;标志
The police signalled the traffic to move forward slowly.
警察示意车辆缓慢前行。
As soon as he sat down at the table,he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.
他一在桌旁坐下,就示意服务员把菜单拿来。
When I put my finger to my lips,it’s a signal for you to be quiet.
我把手指放在嘴唇上,这是让你们安静的信号。
归纳拓展
·signal (to) sb to do sth 示意某人做某事
signal (to sb) that...示意(某人)……
·a signal for sb to do sth指示某人做某事的信号
词语辨析
①signal一般指信号、暗号;
②sign一般指一种具有固定意义的、简明的符号或标志,意为手势、迹象、标志等;
③mark指在其他事物上留下的清晰可见的印痕或先天固有的标记、记号等;
④symbol指作为象征或表达某种深邃意义的特殊事物。
语境运用
(1)一词多义:写出下列句中signal的汉语释义
①Timoteo has an unusual job—he is a human traffic signal.
　　　　　　　
②This was a signal for him to continue.　　　　　　　
③Mandy started after him,signalling to Jesse to follow.
　　　　　　　
④This announcement signalled a clear change of policy.
　　　　　　　
标志
信号
示意
标志着
(2)完成句子
⑤正月十五是元宵节,标志着春节庆祝活动的结束。(应用文写作·传统文化介绍)
The Lantern Festival falls on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month,　　　　　　　　　　 the Spring Festival celebrations.
⑥我跑到车旁,拉住他的胳膊,示意他跟我走。(读后续写·动作描写)
I ran up to the car,took him by the arm and 　　　　　 　　　
　　　　　　　　.
signalling the end of　
signalled(to) him
to follow me
4.Astronauts’ bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity...
由于缺乏重力,宇航员的骨骼和肌肉在太空中会变得非常脆弱……
★lack n.缺乏;短缺
vt.没有;缺乏
lacking adj.短缺的;不足的
(2024·浙江1月卷) Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts,no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies...
由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据,没有人成功赢得对人工降雨公司的诉讼……
(2024·浙江1月卷) The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。
[备用例句]
①She didn’t win the game,but it wasn’t for lack of trying.
她输了比赛,但并不是由于不够努力。
②She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明,但却缺乏远大志向。
归纳拓展
·lack sth缺少某物
·(a) lack of...缺乏……
for/through lack of...因缺乏……
have no lack of...不缺乏……
·be lacking in...缺乏/缺少……
温馨提示
lack作名词时常与介词of连用;作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态),也可用作不及物动词;形容词lacking常与介词in连用。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①　　 　　(lack) sufficient oxygen,the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
②I must work hard in the hope of making up for 　　　　 lack of ability.
Lacking
a
(2)一句多译
由于缺乏自信和经验,他完全不知道该如何应付这可怕的情况。
(读后续写·情感描写)
③　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack n.)
④　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lack vt.)
⑤　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　,he was quite at a loss as to how to deal with the terrible situation.(lacking adj.)
For lack of confidence and experience　
Lacking confidence and experience
Lacking in confidence and experience
重点句式
This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
◆“This/That/It is because...”句型
From space,Earth looks blue.This is because about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
从太空中看,地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%都被水覆盖着。
Tom has to stay at home.That is because he has a bad cold.
汤姆不得不待在家里,那是因为他得了重感冒。
Sorry,I can’t attend the meeting.It is because I will go home to spend the Mid-Autumn Festival with my parents.
对不起,我不能参加会议。这是因为我将回家和父母一起过中秋节。
温馨提示
①“This/That/It is because...”意为“这/那是因为……”,其中because引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
②“This/That/It is why...”意为“这/那就是……的原因”,其中why引导表语从句,从句表示结果。
③“The reason why...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中why引导定语从句,并在从句中作状语。that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
④“The reason that/which...is that...”意为“……的原因是……”,其中that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语或宾语,第二个that引导表语从句,从句表示原因。
语境运用
(1)句型转换
Peter was late for the class because he was stuck in a traffic jam.
①Peter was late for the class and 　　　　　　　　　　 he was stuck in a traffic jam.
②Peter was stuck in a traffic jam and 　　　　　　　　　　he was late for the class.
③ 　　　　　　　　 Peter was late for the class 　　　　　　 he was stuck in a traffic jam.
that/it was because
that/it was why
The reason why
was that
(2)翻译句子
④简今天不想去野餐的原因是天气不佳。


⑤这就是他缺席比赛的原因。

The reason why Jane wouldn’t like to go on a picnic today is that the weather is not good.
This is why he was absent from the competition.
进阶提升·写作微练
人物心理描写(悲伤、沮丧、绝望)
常用词汇
一、课文词汇
1.alone 独自的;孤独的
2.sadness 悲伤;悲痛;难过
3.disappointment 失望;沮丧
二、补充词汇
4.sorrowful 伤心的
5.broken-hearted 极其伤心的
6.depressed/frustrated沮丧的
7.hang the head 耷拉着头
8.be overcome with sorrow 悲痛欲绝
9.have tears in one’s eyes眼里噙着泪
10.burst into tears/burst out crying突然大哭起来
11.hang/drop/lower/bend/bow one’s head in sadness 伤心地低下头
12.tears roll/run/stream/flow down sb’s cheeks眼泪顺着脸颊滑落
13.sob/weep with one’s face hidden in one’s hands 掩面啜泣
常用句型
一、课本原句
1.“Are we alone What’s out there ”
“我们是孤独的吗 外面还有什么呢 ”
2.However,while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment,the desire to explore the universe did not die.
然而,虽然这些灾难带来了许多悲痛和失望,但探索宇宙的愿望永不磨灭。
二、其他表达
3.Her eyes are flooded with tears.
她的眼里充满泪水。
4.She suddenly became broken-hearted when asked about her parents.
当被问起父母时,她突然变得极其伤心。
5.Maria burst into tears when she heard the bad news.
玛丽亚听到这个坏消息时,突然大哭起来。
6.Upon hearing the bad news,her heart ached,tears streaming down her cheeks.
她一听到这个坏消息,就心痛得直流眼泪。
7.When he heard the disappointing news,tears of sadness welled up in his eyes.
当他听到这个令人沮丧的消息时,他的眼里涌出了悲伤的泪水。
8.Even today,I would be overcome with sorrow whenever I think of the dog.
直到今天,我一想到那只狗,还会悲痛欲绝。
微写作训练
1.当我听到这个消息时,我心碎了。泪水涌上了我的眼睛,我开始掩面哭泣。然而,我知道我必须坚强起来,继续前进。
　
　
　
I was broken-hearted when I heard the news.Tears welled up in my eyes,and I started weeping with my face hidden in my hands.However,I knew I had to be strong and move on.
2.他坐在那里,沉默而悲伤。当他悲伤地低下头时,眼泪顺着脸颊滑落下来。世界在他身边转动,而他却陷在自己的悲伤中。
　
　
　
He sat there,silent and sad.As he bowed his head in sadness,tears flowed down his cheeks.The world kept moving around him,while he was stuck in his own pool of sorrow.
课文二次开发利用
课文语法填空
For years,people have always wanted to learn more about the universe.
However,it was not until the mid-20th century 1.　　　　 travelling into space became a reality.On 4 October 1957,USSR launched the Sputnik 1 satellite into space.On 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin from Russia became the first person in the world 2.　　　　(enter) space.On 20 July 1969,Neil Armstrong from America stepped onto the moon.Following this,many more goals 3.　　　 　 (achieve).Although some disasters made everyone sad and 4.　　　 　 (disappoint),people never give 5.　　　　 the desire to explore the universe.
that
to enter
were achieved
disappointed
up
China’s space programme has made great progress in recent years.
China became the third country in the world to 6.　　 　　 　
(independent) send humans into space in 2003,7.　　　　 Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.Later,Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk,
followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface.In 2022,the launch of the Mengtian module8.　　　 　(signal) the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.This modern space station will allow astronauts to conduct lots of significant 9.　　 　　 (experiment),
greatly 10.　　 　　 (further) our understanding of the universe.
The future of space exploration remains bright.
independently
when　
signalled
experiments
furthering
语法专项指导
语法原句再现
1.China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003,when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.
动词不定式作定语和状语
2.Scientists were determined to realise the dream to explore space.
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,有时to可以省略,其否定形式是not to do。不定式没有人称和数的变化,但有语态的变化。不定式不能作谓语,但可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语、定语和补语。请你判断出以上句子中动词不定式在句中作什么成分。
语法知识点拨
一、动词不定式作定语
1.动词不定式作定语,常放在名词或不定代词后面作后置定语,表示尚未发生的动作。
Let us give him something to eat.
让我们给他一些吃的东西。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Additionally,from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class...
而且,我会不时地布置一些在课堂上完成的小组作业……
2.当中心词为序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.
他总是第一个到校,最后一个离校。
The only way to conquer a fear is to face it.
克服恐惧的唯一方法是面对恐惧。
3.抽象名词plan、attempt、ability、chance、desire、determination、decision、way等后,常用动词不定式作后置定语。
Tom has the ability and desire to do challenging work.
汤姆有能力和愿望去做有挑战性的工作。
4.当名词与定语之间存在动宾关系时。
She is a nice person to work with.
她是一个很好的合作伙伴。
5.当名词与定语之间存在主谓关系时。
We must find a person to do the job.
我们必须找到一个人来做这项工作。
6.当名词与定语之间存在同位关系时。
My desire to carry on with the experiment has failed.
我继续做实验的愿望没能实现。
温馨提示
①不定式常放在某些名词或代词后作定语。如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的介词。
He has no pen to write with.
他没有钢笔写字。
②不定式作定语时,如果句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,不定式使用主动形式表示被动含义。试比较下列例句。
Have you got anything to buy
你有什么东西要买吗 (不定式to buy的动作执行者是you)
Have you got anything to be bought
你有什么要(我或别人)买的吗 (不定式to be bought的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”,因此只能用动词不定式的被动形式作后置定语)
语境运用
句子语法填空
①It is recognised that he is the best man 　　　 　(complete) the task.
②Thanks to your encouragement,I finally got the courage 　　　　(face) all the challenges.
③The system has the ability 　　　　(run) more than one programme at the same time.
④Could you tell me an effective way 　　　　(learn) English well
to complete
to face
to run
to learn
二、动词不定式作状语
动词不定式在句中作状语,主要用来修饰动词和形容词,也可用来修饰副词。在句中,不定式可作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等,可表示目的、原因、结果等。
1.作目的状语,置于句首或句中,置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气,常与in order或so as 组成短语。
A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
一群年轻人聚在一起讨论这个问题。
(1)置于句首时只用to do/ in order to do。表示否定时,用 in order not to do 或 so as not to do形式。
I walked quietly so as not to disturb the baby.
我轻轻地走路,以免打扰到这个婴儿。
(2)不定式作目的状语可转换为 so that/ in order that引导的目的状语从句。
He worked very hard to pass the exam.
→He worked very hard so that/ in order that he could pass the exam.
他非常努力以便能通过考试。
2.作原因状语,常置于一些形容词或过去分词后,来说明产生某种情感的原因。这类词常见的有happy、glad、fortunate、ashamed、surprised、sorry、delighted、disappointed、annoyed、proud等。
When Anna opened her wallet,she was surprised to find nothing.
安娜打开钱包时,惊讶地发现里面什么也没有。
They are proud to have realised their dreams.
他们为实现了梦想而自豪。
3.作结果状语,多见于“too...to do...”“...enough to do”“only to do(表示意料之外的结果的发生)”“so/such...as to do...(意为“如此……以至于……”)”结构中。
I’m too tired to do well.
我太累了做不好。
The wind is strong enough to move the sand dunes.
风力大到能移动沙丘。
He rushed back,only to find the book missing.
他冲了回来,却发现书不见了。
We have got so plenty of food as to treat our guests.
我们有如此充裕的食物来招待我们的客人。
温馨提示
注意动词不定式与现在分词作结果状语的区别。
①动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种意想不到的结果,通常与only搭配。
Anxiously,she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.
她着急地从包里拿出那件衣服试穿,却发现不合身。
②现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种顺承的、自然而然的结果。
The snow lasted a week, resulting in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
雪下了一星期,给整个地区造成严重的交通混乱。
4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
To begin with,she spoke too quickly,I couldn’t understand most of the words she said.
首先,她说得太快,我听不懂她所说的大部分内容。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①　　　　(learn) a language well,you must make efforts.
②I’m more than delighted 　　　　(know) that you are coming to our school to take part in the Chinese Culture Week.
③The traveller looked up suddenly 　　　　(find) a monkey in the tree.
④　　　　(tell) the truth,I don’t like the colour at all.
To learn
to know
to find
To tell
真题赏析
1.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) ...visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 　　　　(find) the connection between the two great writers.
2.(2024·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)That means you have tons of less-visited options 　　 　　 (choose) from.
3.(2023·全国甲卷) For thousands of years,people have told fables
(寓言) 　　　　 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
to find
to choose
to teach　
4.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)We are happy 　　　　(be) taking part in the project.
5.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The core(核心) of your relationship is that you will always be there 　　　　(help) each other.
to help
to be
答案及剖析:
1.to find　考查动词不定式。非谓语动词作形容词amazed后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
2.to choose　考查动词不定式。options是名词,其后常用动词不定式作后置定语,表示“可选择的选项”。to choose from的意思是“从中选择”。故填to choose。
3.to teach　考查动词不定式。根据句意可知,此处表示“来传授知识或传递智慧”,应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
4.to be　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处是动词不定式作原因状语。故填to be。
5.to help　考查动词不定式。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。
语法专项训练
句子语法填空
1.We climbed to the top of the tower 　　　　(get) a better view of the area.
2.What is the way Mary thought of 　　　 (deal) with the problem
3.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train
　　　　(catch).
to get
to deal
to catch
4.Our English teacher has many ways 　　　　(make) her classes interesting.
5.　　　　(catch) the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
6.　　　　 (help) the students to learn Chinese well,our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class.
7.They came to the restaurant after work,only 　　　　 (find) that it was being decorated.
to make
To catch
To help
to find
8.As a matter of fact,they were very surprised 　　　　 (get) the news.
[变式训练]
As a matter of fact,they were very surprised 　　　 　 (inform) of the news.
9.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online 　　　　(save) their time.
10.He was the last one 　　　　(hand) in the assignment yesterday.
to get
to be informed
to save
to hand
11.A study shows that by the age of three,most children have the great potential 　　 　　(understand) many words.
12.The airport 　　 　　 (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
[变式训练]
The airport 　　　 　 (complete) last year helps promote tourism in this area.
to understand　
to be completed
completed
13.What do you think we can do 　　 　　(comfort) her
14.Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one
　　 　　(repair) first is the library.
15.My friend told me he had a lot of readings 　　 　　 (complete) before the end of the term.
to comfort　
to be repaired　
to complete
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The spaceship was successfully 　　　 　 (发射) into orbit.
2.Humans have a 　　　　 (渴望) to explore the universe.
3.　　　　 (信号) from space are being studied by scientists.
4.The 　　　　 (交通工具) are designed for space travel.
5.The 　　　　 (巨大的) planet appears in the distance.
launched
desire
Signals
vehicles
giant
6.The 　　　　 (当前的) technology is not sufficient for long-term space travel.
7.　　 　　 (智能的) robots can assist in space exploration.
8.Astronauts need to be 　　 　　 (独立地) minded in space.
9.　　　　 (思想的) preparation is important for space missions.
10.If you follow the proper 　　 　　 (步骤),you can create super articles.
current
Intelligent
independently
Mental
procedures
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The six 　 　　　 (astronaut) on board will spend ten days in space.
2.Students should do something to make themselves 　　　　 　
(mental) strong.
3.She is not only 　 　　　(intelligence) but also has a gift for music.
4.Amazed at how skillful they were,I was 　　　 　(determine) to be just as good.
astronauts
mentally　
intelligent
determined
5.His performance was a big 　　　 　(disappoint) to us.
6.Driven by a burning desire 　　　　 adventure and travel,she left home and started to travel around in her early twenties.
7.Are you quite 　　　 　(independence) of your parents now
8.He came to the big city in the hope 　　　　 finding a good job.
9.The bell 　　　 　(signal) that school was over.
10.It is 　　　 　(universal) acknowledged that smoking is bad for health.
disappointment　
for
independent
of
signalled
universally　
11.Among modern 　　　　(vehicle),bicycles are the closest to people’s life.
12.　　　 　 (recycle) also helps control environmental pollution.
13.I think this book is completely 　　　　(lack) in originality.
14.The building is 　　　　 (current) being used as a library.
vehicles
Recycling
lacking
currently
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.那时,尽管困难重重,宇航员还是继续执行太空任务。
At that time,the astronaut 　　　　　　　　　 the space mission despite the difficulties.
2.航天局希望能发现新的行星。
The space agency is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 new planets.
3.宇宙飞船正在船上进行科学实验。
The spaceship is carrying out scientific experiments 　　　　　.
carried on with
in the hope of discovering
on board
4.他将是第一个踏上火星的人。
He will be the first man 　　　　　　　　　　　Mars.
5.宇航员决心成功地完成任务。
The astronaut 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 the mission successfully.
6.令他非常失望的是,太空任务不得不因技术问题而中止。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the space mission had to be stopped due to technical problems.
to set foot on
is/was determined to complete
Much to his disappointment
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
In the summer of 1969,six-year-old Mike Massimino watched wide-eyed on the television as Neil Armstrong took the first step on the moon.He immediately made his mum turn his elephant school play costume into that of an astronaut for Halloween.
As a child attracted by the universe,he dreamt of becoming an astronaut.But his wish caught up with him when he realised he didn’t have the ideal skillset to make it as an astronaut:He was afraid of heights,had poor eyesight and couldn’t swim.
Given all of Massimino’s difficulty in qualifying as an astronaut,he worked for a different career.However,when the Challenger exploded,Massimino decided he wouldn’t wait any longer to realise his dream.
NASA’s elite programme of astronauts introduces a new class every couple of years.If you don’t make it,you won’t be considered again until the next round.Massimino first applied to the programme in the 1980s.Eight months later,he received his rejection letter in the mail.
Unsurprised,he began carrying out space research,working towards his PhD in engineering at MIT.He applied again two years later for the 1992 astronaut class.He got rejected again.Years later,for the class of 1995,Massimino’s application turned out unsuccessful.The interview was as tough as one would imagine.
Massimino failed because of something he could not change—not having 20/20 vision.He didn’t stop there.After extensive research,he had vision training for nearly a year,having taken advice from others in the space science field,and helping his eyes focus more clearly on objects in front of him.
Sending out his fourth application to NASA like a shot in the dark with a note from his eye doctor on his improvements,
Massimino got a call.They would let him retake his eye test.He passed.
“Making a decision to give up on my dream after coming so close was unthinkable,” he said,“One in a million is not zero.I knew that if I gave up,I would always wonder what would have happened.”
语篇导读:本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mike Massimino在六岁时在电视上看到尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登月,从此有了成为宇航员的梦想。由于视力问题,他三次申请成为宇航员都没有成功。但是他并没有气馁,经过专业的视力训练,他终于通过了视力测试。
(　　)1.What impressed Massimino at the age of six
A.The invention of television.
B.A school play in Halloween.
C.Armstrong’s moonwalk.
D.The explosion of the Challenger.
√
答案及剖析:
1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,六岁时,Mike Massimino就对宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗在月球上迈出的第一步印象深刻。故选C。
(　　)2.What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.NASA’s programme of astronauts.
B.Massimino’s working experience at MIT.
C.NASA’s interview process.
D.Massimino’s three unsuccessful applications.
√
答案及剖析:
2.D　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知,本段主要讲述了Massimino三次申请成为宇航员失败的经历。故选D。
(　　)3.How did Massimino improve his eyesight
A.By receiving vision training.
B.By having an eye operation.
C.By focusing his eyes on big objects.
D.By following his parents’ advice.
√
答案及剖析:
3.A　细节理解题。根据第五段的最后一句可知,Massimino进行了近一年的视力训练,从而改善了自己的视力。故选A。
(　　)4.Which of the following can best describe Massimino
A.Clever. B.Determined.
C.Thoughtful. D.Generous.
√
答案及剖析:
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,Massimino决心成为宇航员,由于视力不合格,他三次申请成为宇航员都没有成功,但是他决定不放弃,通过努力终于离自己的梦想又进了一步。由此可推知,Massimino是一个意志坚定的人。故选B。
B
The development of China’s space programme was first suggested in 1956 by the father of Chinese rocket science,Qian Xuesen(1911-2009).As a result of a lot of preparation and planning,the Shenzhou crewed programme began in 1992,and the first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2003.
Chang’e 1,a lunar orbiter was launched in 2007,while Tiangong 1,an experimental crewed space station was launched in 2011.
In 2019,Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the far side of the moon.It was mankind’s first successful soft landing on the far side of the moon.A “soft” landing is one where the spacecraft lands in a controlled way,and gets no damage.Several hours later,the small Yutu 2 rover was released.To understand why Chang’e 4’s soft landing was such an achievement,consider the difficulty of any space mission,especially one to the far side of the moon.While the far side of the moon is often called the dark side of the moon,it is not really dark.
The main problem with landing on the far side of the moon is communication.There is no clear line of sight between the far side of the moon and Earth.This normally makes radio communication with spacecraft on the far side of the moon impossible.Chinese engineers came up with a unique solution.Before Chang’e 4’s mission,they sent Queqiao communications satellite into space.When engineers needed to communicate with Chang’e 4 and Yutu 2,they could send radio messages to Queqiao.The messages would then be sent from the satellite down to the lander and rover.This allowed contact between Earth and the far side of the moon.
One of the experiments of Chang’e 4’s mission was designed to test a closed ecological(生态的) system that could be extremely important for long-term space missions:The plants produce food and oxygen for the fruit flies,while the fruit flies produce carbon dioxide for the plants.This experiment worked for nine days,but it had to be stopped when the temperatures dropped below -52℃.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。中国的“嫦娥四号”首次成功在月球背面软着陆,文章主要介绍了其意义及中国工程师是如何解决地月通信问题的。
(　　)5.What can we know according to the passage
A.The first Chinese astronaut,Yang Liwei,entered space in 2007.
B.Qian Xuesen is considered the father of the Chinese space programme.
C.The development of space programme in China started in ancient times.
D.The Chinese space programme has been advancing with preparation and planning.
√
答案及剖析:
5.D　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后两句可知,基于充分的准备和规划,中国的太空计划一直在进步。故选D。
(　　)6.Why was Chang’e 4’s landing on the moon such an achievement
A.Because Chang’e 4 landed on the moon successfully.
B.Because Chang’e 4 made a soft landing on the dark side of the moon.
C.Because man had never landed on the moon with the difficulty of space mission.
D.Because it was the first time that humans had landed on the moon without any damage.
√
答案及剖析:
6.B　细节理解题。根据第二段的前两句及倒数第二句可知,嫦娥四号在月球的着陆是一个很大的成就,这是因为前往月球背面的任务难度极大,而嫦娥四号在月球背面实现了软着陆。故选B。
(　　)7.Why was the ecological experiment of Chang’e 4 stopped
A.Because it got too dark to continue.
B.Because the lander no longer had power.
C.Because it got too cold for the experiment to work.
D.Because there was not enough oxygen on the moon.
√
答案及剖析:
7.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句可知,嫦娥四号停止生态实验是因为月球温度太低,无法继续。故选C。
(　　)8.Where is this passage probably from
A.A story book. 　　B.A textbook.
C.A science fiction. 　　D.A magazine.
√
答案及剖析:
8.D　推理判断题。根据全文内容尤其是第二段的前两句可知,文章主要介绍了嫦娥四号在月球背面实现软着陆的意义及中国工程师是如何解决地月通信问题的。由此推知,本文可能出自一本杂志。故选D。
C
Astronauts travelling in space meet forms of radiation (辐射) that are uncommon on Earth.Some of this radiation has been shown to be harmful to human health.It is linked to cancers and heart problems.Yet a study suggests the radiation does not shorten astronauts’ lives.
Researchers studied nearly 60 years of health records and other data about male astronauts from the United States.They then compared this data with information about a group of men who are in good health,richer than most Americans and receive good health care—professional athletes.The study found that neither group has higher rates of dying at a young age.In fact,both groups generally live longer than other Americans.
Astronauts are usually well-educated,earn more money and are in better physical conditions than the average Americans.The earlier research has linked being an astronaut to a lower risk of early death,the researchers noted.The findings were reported in a medical journal.
Much of the existing research on mortality rates (死亡率) in astronauts has not yet explored the mental and physical demands of this job.There also has not been a lot of research on whether astronauts show what is known as the “healthy worker effect”.This effect leads people with employment of any kind to have fewer medical problems than people who are unable to work,said Robert Reynolds.
Reynolds said,“The challenge has always been to understand if astronauts are as healthy as they would be if they had never gone to space at all.To do this,we need to find a group that is comparable on several important factors.” Considering the similar physical requirements,a group of athletes are selected.
As the result suggests,being exposed to radiation doesn’t lead to an early death for astronauts.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现——宇航员在太空中工作时,辐射不会缩短他们的寿命。
(　　)9.How did researchers carry out their study
A.By doing interviews.
B.By analysing some factors.
C.By comparing different data.
D.By doing experiments in the lab.
√
答案及剖析:
9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的第一、第二句可知,该实验是通过比较不同的数据进行的。故选C。
(　　)10.What can we learn from the text
A.All radiation is harmful to human health.
B.Athletes tend to be poorer than most Americans.
C.Healthy worker effect makes working people healthier.
D.Research has explored the mental and physical demands of being astronauts.
√
答案及剖析:
10.C　细节理解题。根据第四段的最后一句可知,健康的工人效应使得劳动的人们更健康。故选C。
(　　)11.Why are athletes chosen as a comparative group in the study
A.Because they work in different fields.
B.Because they both need to be healthy enough.
C.Because they receive the same diets and exercise.
D.Because they suffer from the same health problems.
√
答案及剖析:
11.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,运动员和宇航员对体能都有一定的要求,所以选择运动员作为参照对象。故选B。
(　　)12.What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Astronauts—Healthy or Otherwise
B.Astronauts Are as Healthy as Athletes
C.Radiation Affects Astronauts’ Health
D.Astronauts—Well-Educated and Well-Paid
√
答案及剖析:
12.A　标题归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句以及最后一段内容可知,一项研究表明,太空中的辐射不会缩短宇航员的寿命,结合下文中对该研究的分析可知,本文主要讨论的是宇航员的健康状况如何,所以A项符合本文的主题,且具有概括性,适合作本文的标题。故选A。
Ⅱ.七选五
The age of space exploration started on 12 April 1961,when the Russian astronaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human to journey to outer space.But why do we go to environments that are dangerous and even deadly to humans The answer is simple.
1.　　　 In this article,we’ll read the major four benefits of space exploration.
E
Promote the progress of medicine
2.　　　 For example,analysing the effects of zero-gravity
(零重力) on blood flow led to many discoveries on how to prevent some heart illnesses.The experiments and measurements of bone strength and bone loss in astronauts have helped doctors better understand bone diseases.
F
Develop new technologies
The space race has birthed the most technological advancements in the shortest period of time.3.　　　 For example,the running shoes were originally developed for astronauts.We use them in our day-to-day lives without even knowing that some NASA engineers originally developed them for the Apollo programme that took humankind to the moon.
G
Start space tourism
The biggest dream some of us have is being able to take a trip to outer space.However,it is still too expensive to go to space.As reusable rockets improve,the costs of these trips will become significantly lower.4.　　
Inspire the next generation
Space exploration stimulates the curiosity of children.5.　　　 Not only is this good for them as STEM (Science,Technology,Engineering and Mathematics) jobs can secure them a comfortable future,but it also helps humans.
C
B
A.Technologies have advanced considerably.
B.It gets students interested in science and technology.
C.Hopefully one day they’ll be within the reach for all of us.
D.These include stepping up cooperation in space exploration.
E.The benefits of space exploration go beyond the dangers of it.
F.Studying the effects of space travel can lead to some medical benefits.
G.Throughout the years,companies have found consumer uses for many of these developments.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了太空探索的四大好处。
答案及剖析:
1.E　设空处上文是在提出问题,而设空处后一句是在回答这个问题,由此可知,设空处应该解释为什么我们要去对人类来说危险甚至致命的环境;E项解释了为什么我们要去探索太空,承上启下,符合语境,故选E。
2.F　根据本段小标题“Promote the progress of medicine”可知,本段是在讲太空探索对医学的影响,F项说明了太空探索能带来一些医疗好处,符合本段语境,故选F。
3.G　根据设空处后的“For example,the running shoes...that took humankind to the moon.”可知,此处说明的是原本为宇航员开发的技术也应用到了普通人的生活中,G项说明了一些公司认识到探索太空所带来的技术可应用于消费者市场,承接上文,符合语境,故选G。
4.C　根据设空处前一句可知,太空旅行的成本大大降低了,设空处应该说明这会带来什么好处,C项说明很有可能将来我们所有人都可以进行太空旅行,是太空旅行成本降低带来的好处,承接上文,符合语境,故选C。
5.B　根据设空处前一句可知,此处是在讲太空探索对孩子们的影响,B项说明太空探索激发了学生们的好奇心,使他们对科学技术感兴趣,承接上文,符合语境,故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The year 2023 marks 1.　　　　 20th anniversary of China’s first manned space mission that sent astronaut Yang Liwei on a roughly 21-hour journey around Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.As one of the 2.　　　　 (nation) in the world able to independently finish manned space missions,China 3.　　　　 　
(carry) out a dozen manned flights since then.
the
nations
has carried
A special committee was formed in August 1992 and it 4.　　　　
(decide) that China would use manned spacecraft to build a space station in the coming years.The plan was passed in September that year,5.　　　　
(mark) the first official manned space programme of the nation.6.　　 　
(achieve) the goal,scientists made specific plans and took practical steps,
advancing slowly from multi-day flights 7.　　　　 month-long missions.
Thanks to years of efforts,we are proud that our country completed the Tiangong space station in 2022.Orbiting Earth about 400 kilometres above the ground,Tiangong has both a core module 8.　　　　 two science facilities,which is 9.　　　　(regular) connected to several visiting spaceships.
decided
marking
To achieve　
to
and
regularly
Chinese researchers are designing a new-generation manned spacecraft,10.　　　　 will be significant in the nation’s first manned exploration to the moon around 2030.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了中国首次载人航天任务完成的经过及未来的发展。
which
答案及剖析:
1.the　考查冠词。分析句子结构和句意可知,设空处应填冠词,修饰名词短语20th anniversary;此处特指中国首次载人航天任务的20周年纪念,故用定冠词。故填the。
2.nations　考查名词复数。根据one of可知,设空处应为名词复数,作宾语;nation表示“国家”,为可数名词。故填nations。
3.has carried　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知,设空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语since then可知,应用现在完成时;主语是China,谓语动词用单数。故填has carried。
4.decided　考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,设空处应为谓语动词。根据时间状语in August 1992可知,应用一般过去时;主语it指代A special committee,与decide之间为主动关系。故填decided。
5.marking　考查非谓语动词。根据句中谓语was passed可知,设空处应为非谓语动词,且设空处与The plan之间为主动关系,作伴随状语,应用现在分词形式。故填marking。
6.To achieve　考查动词不定式。根据句中谓语动词made可知,设空处应为非谓语动词,与scientists之间为主动关系,作目的状语,应用动词不定式;位于句首,首字母大写。故填To achieve。
7.to　考查介词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填介词,介词短语“from...to...”表示“从……到……”,符合句意。故填to。
8.and　考查并列连词。固定短语“both...and...”表示“两者都;既……又……”,结合句中both和句意可知,应用并列连词and。故填and。
9.regularly　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处应填副词修饰动词connected,作状语。故填regularly。
10.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰主句,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
谢 谢 观 看(共168张PPT)
Part 2
Listening and Talking—Video Time
自主预习·课前清障
1.soap　　　　 n.
2.towel n.
3.telescope n.
4.microwave n.
5.tissue n.
基础识记
阅读单词
肥皂
毛巾;抹布
望远镜
微波炉
纸巾;(人、动植物细胞的)组织
6.facility n.
7.fatal adj.
8.high-end adj.
9.foam n.
10.pillow n.
11.oxygen n.
设施;设备
致命的;灾难性的
高端的
泡沫橡胶;泡沫
枕头
氧;氧气
核心单词
1. 　　　　 adj.热衷的;渴望的
2. adj.肤浅的;浅的
3. n.模式;图案;模范
4. n.监视器;监测仪
vt.监视;监测;监控
5. n.智能手机
6. n.资源;财力;物力
7. vt.系;绑;贴
keen
shallow
pattern
monitor
smartphone
resource
attach
运用词汇
1.globe n.地球;世界;地球仪→ adj.全球的;全世界的;全面的→ adv.全球地;全局地→ n.全球化
2.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论→ n.争论;争吵;论点
3.analysis n.(对事物的)分析;分析结果→ vt.分析
4.regularly adv.经常;定期地→ adj.定期的;经常的;正常的→ adj.无规律的;不定期的
global
globally
globalisation
argument
analyse
regular
irregular
5.limited adj.有限的→ adj.无限的→ n.限度;限制
vt.限制;限定
6.closing adj.结尾的;结束的 n.停业;关闭;倒闭→ vt.关闭
adj.近的;亲密的→ adv.仔细地;严密地
7.mystery n.神秘事物;谜→ adj.神秘的
limitless
limit
close
closely
mysterious
重点词块及句型
重点词块
1. 浪费时间和金钱做某事
2. (做)某事的解决方法
3. 没能做某事
4. 有影响;起作用
5. 导致;造成
6. 被传送到
waste time and money doing sth
the solution to (doing) sth
fail to do sth
make a difference
result in
be transmitted to
7. 所以;结果(是)
8. 努力做某事
9. 满足要求
10. 提供生活所需
11. 目前
12. 接近……
13. 最后
14. 用完;耗尽
as a result
in one’s efforts to do sth
meet the requirements
provide for sb
at present
be close to
in closing
run out
重点句型
1.世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and
lots of time on various space missions,
.
whether to Mars or other
planets much further away
2.由于采用了先进的技术,如今全球高端产品的生产标准提高了,而这些技术最初是为了满足太空探索的要求而研制出来的。
High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now advanced technology
for space exploration.
because of
which was first created to
meet the requirements
3.看着我们星球的照片,犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
4.因此,这项事业应该继续下去,以便为人们(面临的)长期问题和短期问题提供更好的和更新的解决方案。
Therefore,it should continue
to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea
so as to provide new and better
solutions
学习理解·语篇解构
语篇导读·先行把握
1.主题语境:人与社会——阐述有关太空探索的论点
2.语篇类型:议论文
3.课文内容分析:本文主要论述了太空探索是否值得付出那么多的金钱和努力的问题。一些人认为这是浪费时间和金钱,但也有人认为探索太空对我们的生活有极大的帮助。作者从三个方面论述了探索太空给世界带来的好处。因此,它应该继续下去,以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的、更好的解决办法。阅读本文,有利于学生分析和评判关于太空探索的不同立场和态度,能够以全面的、发展的观点来评判科技发展所带来的利与弊。
多维解读·深度剖析
money
shallow
hunger
improvements
problems
ways
continue
精研细读·深层理解
(　　)1.How can exploring space help fight against hunger
A.The scientists analyse the data recorded by satellites and provide useful suggestions for farmers.
B.Satellites orbiting Earth can help fight against severe weather.
C.Satellites can change the weather pattern,thus improving output of crops.
D.The scientists invent some useful equipment to help with farming.
A
(　　)2.Which of the following is TRUE about space exploration
A.It has stopped the world’s population from growing.
B.It has helped to improve medical treatment.
C.It is only good for developed countries.
D.It will solve all the problems on Earth.
B
(　　)3.After seeing those pictures of Earth as an island in a black sea,what did people realise
A.We have such a rapidly increasing population.
B.The resources on Earth are so limited.
C.It is hard to find other planets as our new home.
D.Life on Mars will be nicer than that on Earth.
B
核心知识·深入探究
重点词汇
1.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space.
一部分人认为,我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱去探索太空。
★argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论
argument n.争论;争吵;论点
We’re always arguing with each other about some questions.
我们彼此总是为一些问题争辩。
We argued her out of going on such a journey.
我们说服她不要去这样的旅行。
My argument for space exploration is that it can assist mankind to solve the problem of lack of resources.
我支持太空探索的理由是它能够帮助人类解决资源匮乏的问题。
[备用例句]
①I argue that every one of us (should) try our best to help those in need.
我主张我们人人都应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。
②We all found his argument convincing,which is beyond belief.
我们都觉得他的观点很有说服力,实在是令人难以置信。
归纳拓展
·argue with sb about/over sth 就某事与某人争论/争辩
argue for/against... 据理赞成/反对……
argue that...(should) do sth 主张/认为……(虚拟语气)
argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
·have an argument with sb about/over sth
就某事与某人争论/争辩
It is beyond argument that... 毋庸置疑……
温馨提示
表示“说服某人做某事”的其他表达如下所示。
①persuade sb to do/into doing sth
②convince sb to do sth
③talk sb into doing sth
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①It is of great importance to cite examples to support your
　　　 　(argue).
②Tom has been arguing 　　　 　 his brother about where they should go for their holidays.
③Robert argued 　　 　　 reducing his pocket money every month.
argument
with
against
(2)完成句子
④我原以为我能说服我的父母允许我按照我的意愿花钱。
(读后续写·心理描写)
I thought I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 to use my money as I wished.
⑤根据上面的表格,70%的学生赞成听英语歌曲,而20%的学生主张他们应该通过读英语经典作品提高他们的英语水平。(应用文写作·分析图表)
Based on the above chart,70% of the students 　　　　　　　　 listening to English songs while 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 they should have their English level improved by reading English classics.
could argue my parents into allowing me
argue for
20% of the students argue that
2.It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth.
如今环绕地球运行的众多卫星都直接归功于太空探索。
★result in导致;造成
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
不知何故,这些论证和推理使错误全面减少了。
(2024·浙江1月卷) It is so easy to let an online course slide,but your grades will suffer as a result.
在线课程很容易被忽视,但结果是你的成绩会受到影响。
[备用例句]
①The big fire resulted from gas leak.
大火起因于煤气泄漏。
②My car broke down on the way,and,as a result,I was late.
我的车在路上出了故障,所以我迟到了。
③The sports meeting was put off as a result of the bad weather.
由于天气恶劣,运动会被推迟了。
归纳拓展
·result from 由……产生;起因于……
·as a result 所以;结果(是)
as a result of 作为……的结果;由于……
温馨提示
①result in为及物动词短语,表示“导致”的意思,其同义词有cause、bring about、lead to、contribute to等。
②result in侧重于结果,即主语是原因,in后面接导致的结果;而result from侧重于起因,即主语是结果,from后面接事情的起因。
③as a result意为“所以;结果(是)”,后面接表示结果的句子;as a result of意为“作为……的结果;由于……”,其后面的部分表示原因,of后面接名词或动名词。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①My English teacher can always make her classes lively and
interesting.As 　　　　 result,she is greatly liked by her students.
②Food allergies (过敏) can result 　　　　 different symptoms.
a
in
(2)句型转换
③It is known to us that hard work results in success.
→As is known to us,success 　　　　　　　　 hard work.
④He was injured in an accident.As a result,he couldn’t take part in the sports meeting.
→He couldn’t take part in the sports meeting 　　　　　　　 his injury in an accident.
results from
as a result of
语境串词
Mary often sets aside some time to take exercise.As a result,she is energetic,seldom falling ill.Obviously,poor health usually results from a lack of exercise and unbalanced diet.However,healthy lifestyle may result in your success.
玛丽经常抽出时间来锻炼身体,因此她精力充沛,很少生病。显而易见,健康状况不佳通常是由缺乏锻炼和不均衡的饮食引起的。然而,健康的生活方式可能会使你获得成功。
3.After careful analysis,the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers.
经过仔细的分析,科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议和意见。
◆provide for sb 提供生活所需
He had enough money to provide for his children before he could find work.
在找到工作之前,他有足够的钱抚养孩子们。
(2023·浙江1月卷) When you’re riding on trains,you won’t be provided with a blanket for free,even if your trip is an overnight one.
当你乘坐火车时,即使你的旅行是过夜的,你也不会免费得到一条毯子。
You can go out providing that you have to finish your homework.
你可以出去,条件是你得完成家庭作业。
归纳拓展
·provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb为某人提供某物
·providing/provided (that)... 在……条件下;如果;假如
温馨提示
表示“给某人提供某物”的其他表达如下所示。
①supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb
②offer sb sth/offer sth to sb
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①Parents are to provide their kids 　　　　 a life of high quality.
②You may keep the book a further week
(provide) that no one else requires it.
with
providing/provided
(2)句型转换
③He had a large family to support,and he felt the pressure of being the breadwinner.
→　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　,he felt the pressure of being the breadwinner.(分词作状语,短语替代单词)
④We’ll hold the concert on next Monday if the weather is good.
→We’ll hold the concert on next Monday 　　 　
　　　　　　　　　.(短语替代单词)
→　　　　　　　　　　　　,we’ll hold the concert on next Monday.
(独立主格结构)
Having a large family to provide for
providing/provided that
the weather is good
The weather being good
4.Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
看着我们星球的照片,犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
★limited adj.有限的
limitless adj.无限的
limit n.限度;限制
vt.限制;限定
Families are limited to four free tickets each.
每户限发四张免费票。
Knowledge is without limit.Therefore,we should devote our limited time to acquiring it.
知识是无限的。因此,我们应该把我们有限的时间用于获得知识。
[备用例句]
①With limited time and energy,we have to be careful about what we look for and what we pay attention to.
由于时间和精力有限,我们必须对我们寻找和关注的东西特别留心。
②There is no limit to how much fresh fruit you can eat in a day.
你一天内能吃多少新鲜水果并无上限。
归纳拓展
·be limited to...受限制于……
limit...to...把……限定在……的范围内
·within the limits of 在……的范围内
there is a/no limit to (doing)...
对(做)……是有限的/无限的
set a limit/limits to/on...对……规定限度
beyond the limit超量;超出限度
without limit无限地;无限制地
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①The knowledge of the children is 　　　　,but their imagination is 　　 　　.(limit)
②Any driver found driving 　　　　 the limit will be charged.
③Life is limited,but there is no limit to 　　 　　(learn).
limited
limitless
beyond
learning
(2)完成句子
④我认为教学不应该局限于教室之内。
I believe teaching should not 　　　　 　　　　　.
⑤在我看来,你们最好给这次旅行的费用定一个限度。
In my opinion,you had better 　 　　　
　　　　　　.
be limited to the classroom
set a limit to/on the expense of
your trip
5.It is necessary to find a new home for people in space,as the resources on Earth will run out.
由于地球上的资源将耗尽,有必要在太空中为人们找一个新的家园。
★run out用完;耗尽
After a long walk,he ran out of the water and his strength was also running out.
长途步行后,他的水喝完了,他的体力也快耗尽了。
In the future,caring for the environment will become very important as Earth’s natural resources run out.
在未来,随着地球自然资源的枯竭,保护环境将变得非常重要。
[备用例句]
①If you run after two hares,you will catch neither.
同时追两只兔子,一只也抓不住。
②She ran across an old friend of hers on the way to the station.
在去车站的路上,她碰到了一个老朋友。
③You always run into some difficulties at the beginning of a new job.
在开始一项新工作时,你总是会遇到一些困难。
归纳拓展
·run out of(=use up) 用完;用光;用尽
give out(=run out) 耗尽;用光
·run across(=come across) 偶然遇到
run into撞上;遇到;途中遭遇(恶劣天气)
run after追逐;追求
·in the long/short run 从长远/短期来看
温馨提示
give out表示“耗尽;用光”时,与run out用法相同,都是不及物动词短语,主语通常是物,不能用于被动语态;run out of和use up表示“用完;耗尽”时,为及物动词短语,通常以人作主语,可用于被动
语态。
语境运用
(1)用带有run的相关短语填空
①We 　　　　　 thick fog on the way home.
②The cash has 　　　　 　　　,therefore I have to go to the bank to draw some.
③My car broke down on the way to the beach because it had
　　　　 　 petrol.
ran into
run out
run out of
(2)完成句子
④我忍无可忍,开始勃然大怒。(读后续写·情感描写)
I had 　　　　　　　　　　 　 and I began to explode with anger.
⑤当我们遇到一只可爱的野兔时,我们骑上马,兴奋地追着它跑。
(读后续写·场景描写)
The moment we 　　　　　 　　 a cute wild rabbit,we rode our horses and 　　　　　　　 it in excitement.
run out of all my patience
ran across
ran after
6.While sleeping,they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around.
睡觉时,他们必须依附在某物上,以防止到处飘浮。
★attach vt.系;绑;贴;重视;依恋
attachment n.附属品;附件;依恋
attached adj.附加的;附属的;依恋的
Please don’t attach these labels to your hand luggage.
请不要把这些标签贴在您的手提行李上。
She is very attached to her family and friends.
她非常依恋家人和朋友。
[备用例句]
①This middle school is attached to a normal college.
这所中学附属于一所师范学院。
②My teacher attaches much importance to reading.
我的老师认为阅读很重要。
③Please check the attachment for relevant details.
请在附件中查看相关细节。
归纳拓展
·attach...to...把……附在/绑在……上;使……与……相联系
attach (great/little) importance/value/significance/weight to...认为……(很有/几乎没有)重要性/价值/意义/分量
·be attached to 附属于;依恋
温馨提示
以上带有attach的短语中的to均为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①You need to attach a recent photograph 　　　 your application form.
②For further information,please contact us on the 　
(attach) email.
③More luckily,great importance has been attached to 　 　
(protect) our environment since the occurrence of so many natural disasters.
to
attached
protecting
(2)完成句子
④书写至关重要,每个人都应十分重视。(应用文写作·活动介绍)
Handwriting is of such great importance that 　　 　
　　　　　　　　　　　 　　.
⑤她发现桌子上放着一个盒子,盒子上贴着一张卡片,上面写着
“生日快乐”。(读后续写·动作描写)
She found a box lying on the table 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　,
saying “Happy Birthday”.
everyone should
attach great importance to it
with a card attached to it
重点句式
1.Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,whether to Mars or other planets much further away.
世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。
◆whether...or...不论……还是……
(2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) To eat one,you have to decide whether to bite a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径),camping,or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road,this quick workshop is for you and your family.
无论你是在野外徒步旅行、露营,还是只是在路边欣赏公园里令人惊叹的野生动物,这个快速的工作坊都是为你和你的家人准备的。
(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Whether you paint still lives,portraits,
or landscapes,paint from life as much as possible.
无论你画静物、肖像还是风景画,都要尽可能地从生活中取材。
[备用例句]
①Whether you like or dislike the job,you have to finish it.
无论你喜欢还是不喜欢这个工作,你都必须完成它。
②Whether happy or sad,she always tries to keep smiling.
不管开心还是难过,她总是试着保持微笑。
归纳拓展
·“whether ...or ...”意为“不论……还是……”,它可以用于引出正反、对错等两种概念,是一种强烈的让步语气,即不管情况如何,正反两方面都估计在内,总之,不会影响后面主句动作的结果。
·在“whether...or...”结构中,or不可省略,也不能用if来取代whether。“whether...or...”后面可以接不定式、形容词或其他短语。
温馨提示
“whether...or...”还可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,意为“是……还是……”。引导主语从句时,可用it作形式主语。
Whether they consider this opinion or not is not clear.
=It is not clear whether they consider this opinion or not.
他们是否考虑这个意见还不清楚。
语境运用
完成句子
①无论你是否喜欢这个想法,我都要做下去。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I’m going ahead with it.
②我们似乎拿不定主意是要一个现代化的城市还是一个传统的城市。
We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city
　　　　　　　　　　.
Whether you like the idea or not
or a traditional one
③当他问我这样做或那样做是否可行时,我只是不停地点头。
(读后续写·动作描写)
I just kept nodding when he asked me whether it is OK to do this way 　　　　　　.
④他是否赢得第一名已经不重要了。正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念,最终使一些不寻常的事情发生了。 (读后续写·主题升华)
It was no more important 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.It was his brave heart and strong faith that made something unusual happen finally.
or that way
whether he won the first place or not
2....is about twice as high as Mount Qomolangma.
……高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。
◆句中twice as high as是一种倍数表达法。
This room is three times as big as that one.
这个房间的面积是那个房间的3倍。
The newly discovered planet is about ten times the size of Earth.
新发现的行星大小约是地球的10倍。
归纳拓展
·“A+be+倍数+形容词或副词的比较级+than+B”,表示“A比B大(长、高、宽等)多少倍”
·“A+be+倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”
·“A+be+倍数+the+名词(size/height/length/width...)+of+B”,表示“A是B的多少倍”
·“A+be+倍数+what从句”,表示“A是……的多少倍”
语境运用
(1)句子语法填空
①My school has expanded into a big one,which is three times
　　　　(big) than the previous one.
②The output of this year is three times 　　　　 it was in 2021.
bigger
what
(2)一句多译
在建的体育馆将是操场的3倍大。
③The new stadium being built will be 　　 　　　　　　　　 the playground.(than)
④The new stadium being built will be 　　　 　　　　　　　 the playground.(as...as)
⑤The new stadium being built will be 　　　　　　　 　　　 the playground.(size)
three times bigger than
three times as big as
three times the size of
长难句分析
However,others feel ①this is a shallow view ②which fails to realise ③how exploring space helps us.
然而,另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点,没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
分析:这是一个主从复合句。句①是宾语从句,作动词feel的宾语;句②是which引导的定语从句,修饰名词view;句③是宾语从句,作动词realise的宾语。
　
情境写作
①然而,有不少人觉得这是一个不实用的计划,没有意识到环保对我们有多重要。


语境运用
However,quite a few people think this is an impractical plan,which fails to realise how important environmental protection is to us.
②我觉得这是一个没能意识到父母的陪伴对孩子有多重要的观点。


I think this is a point of view that fails to realise how important parental company is to children.
进阶提升·写作微练
常见的英语逻辑衔接词
常用词汇
一、课文词汇
先后次序关系
1.firstly首先(主要用于列举条目、论点时);第一
2.secondly其次;第二
3.finally最后(用于列举);终于
4.in closing最后
5.then接下来;然后
因果关系
6.as a result所以;结果(是)
7.therefore因此;所以
举例关系
8.for example例如
转折关系
9.instead相反;代替;反而
10.however然而;不过
二、补充词汇
并列关系
11.also/as well as 也
12.either...or...或者……或者……
13.for one thing...for another...一方面……另一方面……
递进关系
14.What’s more 而且;更重要的是
15.not only...but also... 不仅……而且……
强调关系
16.particularly 尤其是
对比关系
17.on the contrary 与此相反
条件关系
18.if so 如果这样的话
19.if possible 如果可能的话
20.provided that...如果……
常用句型
一、课本原句
1.Instead,we should feed the world’s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems,such as pollution and fatal diseases.
相反,我们应该解决世界上穷人的温饱问题,并尽快找到污染、致命性疾病等其他问题的解决方案。
2.However,others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.
然而,另一部分人觉得这是一种肤浅的观点,没有认识到探索太空给我们带来的好处。
3.Firstly,exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先,太空探索已经在对抗世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了重要作用。
4.As a result,space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earth’s increasing population.
因此,基于太空的科学有助于提高农业产量,从而为地球上不断增长的人口提供充足的食物。
5.In closing,exploring space provides the world with many different benefits.
总而言之,太空探索给世界带来了种种好处。
6.Therefore,it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
因此,这项事业应该继续下去,以便为人们(面临的)长期问题和短期问题提供更好的和更新的解决方案。
二、其他表达
7.It’s no trouble at all; on the contrary,it will be a great pleasure to help you.
这根本不麻烦。相反,我很乐意帮助你。
8.I haven’t been to see her for a long time.For one thing,she lives too far away; for another,I’ve been rather busy.
我好久没有去看她了,一来路太远,二来没工夫。
9.If possible,you can reply to me as soon as possible.
如果可能的话,你可以尽快回复我。
10.Now I can walk to work instead of going by car.
现在我可以步行去上班,而不必开车了。
微写作训练
1.然而,一方面,我们需要仔细考虑利弊,另一方面,我们也需要从不同的角度来看待这个问题。最后,我们不应该局限于一种观点。




However,for one thing,we need to consider the pros and cons carefully.For another,we also need to look at the issue from different perspectives.In closing,we should not be limited to one point of view.
2.首先,我们需要找出问题所在。其次,我们应该想出可能的解决办法。例如,增加资源或改变方法。
我们尤其需要确保这些解决办法切实有效。




Firstly,we need to identify the problem.Secondly,we should come up with possible solutions,for example,increasing resources or changing the approach.Particularly,we need to make sure that these solutions are practical and effective.
写作专项指导
文本解读
1.文体类型:阐述有关太空探索的观点,属于议论文范畴,常用于就某一讨论话题发表个人观点。
2.要点内容:
(1)就“人类是否应该进行太空探索”这一话题进行讨论;
(2)从正反两方面进行论述;
(3)阐明自己的观点并提供论据。
An argumentative essay about space exploration
思路指引
实用表达
1.首段常用句式。
Different people have different ideas about ...
I hold the view that ...
Different people look at the question in different ways.
Recently we have had a heated discussion on whether...or not.
According to a recent survey,...
Opinions are divided on the question.
Every coin has two sides.
2.中段常用句式。
Sixty percent of the people hold the view that ...
I think there are many advantages in exploring space.First...Second...
On the other hand,the rest of the people are against ...
Generally speaking,its advantages can be seen as follows.
Some students are for the idea,while others think otherwise.
However,there are a large number of people who hold a different view concerning this case.
Some hold the view that...while others think that...
3.尾段常用句式。
I hold the belief that ...
I think we should ...
From my point of view,...
Therefore,we can draw the conclusion that...
佳作建构
最近,你班同学就“人类是否应该进行太空探索”这个问题进行了激烈的讨论。有人认为,探索太空不仅能让人类更好地了解宇宙的发展,还可以用来指导农业生产,以及把一些探索太空的高新技术用于日常生活;也有一些人认为,探索太空花费了大量的人力、物力,影响了人们的生活水平。请你根据以上情况用英语写一篇报告,并发表自己的观点。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。


审题谋篇
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　　 是否……
2.　　　　　　　 探索太空
3.　　　　　　　 弄懂;弄清楚;弄明白
4.　　　　　　　 主张/认为……
5.　　　　 　　　 为某人提供某物
whether...or not
explore space
figure out
argue that...　
provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
1.最近,我们就“人类是否应该进行太空探索”这个问题进行了
激烈的讨论。
Recently,we have about the problem
　.
2.一些人认为,太空探索能让我们弄清楚宇宙是如何发展的。
Some people hold the view that space exploration will enable us to
　　　　　　 how the universe develops.
held a heated discussion
whether humans should explore space or not
figure out
3.更重要的是,它还可以帮助农民种植更多的食物,并将新的先进技术应用到我们的生活中。
What’s more,it can also help farmers to grow more food and
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 our lives.
4.然而,另一些人认为我们应该停止探索太空。
However,other people 　　　　　　　　 we should stop exploring space.
5.它花费太多的时间和金钱。
It costs 　　　　　　 time and money.
apply the new advanced technology to
argue that
too much
6.在我看来,人类探索太空是非常必要的。
From my point of view,　　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　 to
explore space.
7.它可以为世界提供许多不同的好处。
It can 　　　 　 the world 　　 　 many different benefits.
8.它还可以解决人们的短期和长期问题。
It can also 　　 　 people’s short-term and long-term problems.
it is very necessary for humans
provide
with
solve
1.用原因状语从句合并句4和句5。


However,other people argue that we should stop exploring space because it costs too much time and money.
亮点提升
2.用“not only...but also...”的倒装结构合并句7和句8。


Not only can it provide the world with many different benefits,but it can also solve people’s short-term and long-term problems.
Recently,we have held a heated discussion about the problem whether humans should explore space or not.Opinions are divided.
Some people hold the view that space exploration will enable us to figure out how the universe develops.What’s more,it can also help farmers to grow more food and apply the new advanced technology to our lives.However,other people argue that we should stop exploring space because it costs too much time and money.
范文展示
From my point of view,it is very necessary for humans to explore space.Not only can it provide the world with many different benefits,but it can also solve people’s short-term and long-term problems.
写作练习
全世界都在提倡网络支付,请写一篇英语作文,并发表自己的观点。
注意:1.写作词数应为80个左右;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数;
3.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Online payment has been advocated in more and more countries,which is the future way to pay bills.


写作指导
One possible version:
Online payment has been advocated in more and more countries,
which is the future way to pay bills. In China,online payment is popular everywhere,and even the small business can be finished in this advanced way. The advantages of online payment are obvious.
Firstly,it saves people’s time to pay bills. The online payment is carried out with a smart phone. Especially when we go to the supermarket,there are always a lot of people waiting in the long line. But now the cashier can just scan the phone and the bill will be paid,
saving a lot of time. Secondly,people don’t have to worry about getting the fake cash. Many years ago,people were easy to get fake cash as they received the change. But now,as the cash has been used less,people may not receive the fake cash any more.
In my opinion,with the development of online payment,our life will be more convenient.
重点知识回顾
Ⅰ.重点讲义回顾
1.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
vt.查明;确定;决定
n.决心;决定;确定
①决定做某事(表示动作)
②决定(做)某事
③坚决地;果断地
④得知美术馆下个月要举办国画展览,我决心去当志愿者。(应用文写作·申请信)


determine
determination
determine to do sth
determine on/upon (doing) sth
with determination
Knowing an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next month,
I am determined to work as a volunteer.
2.disappointment n.失望;沮丧
vt.使失望;使沮丧
adj.失望的;沮丧的
adj.令人失望的;令人沮丧的
①令某人失望的是
②失望地
③对某事感到失望
④对某人感到失望
⑤对做某事感到失望
⑥他因未能获奖而失望,独自站在窗前。(读后续写·情感描写)

disappoint
disappointed
disappointing
to one’s disappointment
in disappointment
be disappointed at/with/by sth
be disappointed in/with sb
be disappointed to do sth
Disappointed at his failing to win a prize,he stood in front of the window alone.
3.desire n.渴望;欲望 vt.渴望;期望
①渴望做某事
②渴望得到某物
③想让某人做某事
④渴望/要求……
⑤如果你想与外国人自由交流,我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。(应用文写作·建议信)


have a desire to do sth= desire to do sth
have a desire for sth
desire sb to do sth
desire that...(should) do...
If you desire to communicate with foreigners freely,I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.
4.lack n.缺乏;短缺 vt.没有;缺乏
adj.短缺的;不足的
①因缺乏……
②缺乏/缺少……
③健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
(应用文写作·健康生活)


lacking
for/through lack of...
be lacking in...
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.
5.argue vt.& vi.论证;争辩;争论
n.争论;争吵;论点
①就某事与某人争论/争辩

②据理赞成/反对……
③主张/认为……(虚拟语气)
④说服某人做/不做某事
⑤毋庸置疑,长城是中国的象征。(应用文写作·推荐信)

argument
argue with sb about/over sth
=have an argument with sb about/over sth
argue for/against...
argue that...(should) do sth
argue sb into/out of doing sth
It is beyond argument that the Great Wall is the symbol of China.
6.limited adj.有限的
adj.无限的
n.限度;限制vt.限制;限定
①受限制于……
②把……限定在……的范围内
③对(做)……是有限的/无限的
④对……规定限度
⑤同时,通过阅读儿童文学,我们的想象力可以无限扩展。(应用文写作·建议信)


limitless
limit
be limited to...
limit...to...
there is a/no limit to (doing)...
set a limit/limits to/on...
Meanwhile,by reading children’s literature,our imaginations can expand without limit.
7.attach vt.系;绑;贴;重视;依恋
n.附属品;附件;依恋
adj.附加的;附属的;依恋的
①认为……(很有/几乎没有)重要性/价值/意义/分量

②附属于;依恋
③他拿出吊床(hammock),把它拴在树上,舒舒服服地躺在上面,听着他最喜欢的音乐。(读后续写·动作链描写)


attachment
attached
attach (great/little)
importance/value/significance/weight to...
be attached to
He took out the hammock,attached it to the trees and lay in it comfortably,
listening to his favourite music.
Ⅱ.重点句型回顾
1.之后,苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日,尤里·加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。
Afterwards,the USSR focused on sending people into space,and on 12 April 1961,Yuri Gagarin became .
句式仿写
1932年,她成为第一位独自飞越大西洋的女性。(应用文写作·人物介绍)

the first person in the world to enter space
In 1932,she became the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean alone.
2.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性,哪怕面临巨大的风险。
people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.
句式仿写
他在电话里说他那天没有参加比赛,因为他感觉不舒服,这让我们都很惊讶。(读后续写·语言描写)


This is because
On the phone he said he did not enter the race that day and that was because he was not feeling well,which surprised us all.
3.世界各国正在投入数十亿美元的资金和大量时间执行各种太空任务,无论是去火星还是其他更远的星球。
Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions,
.
句式仿写
无论你是否会成功,我们都会一直支持你。(读后续写·语言描写)

whether to Mars or other planets
much further away
Whether you succeed or not,we’ll always be on your side.
4.看着我们星球的照片,犹如黑色汪洋大海中的一个小岛,人们意识到地球的资源是有限的。
made people realise that our planet’s resources are limited.
句式仿写
父亲来帮忙对他们是一个很大的鼓励。(读后续写·场景描写)

Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea
Their father’s coming to help was a great encouragement to them.
5.奥林匹斯山是火星上最大的火山,高度大约是珠穆朗玛峰的两倍。
Olympus Mons,the largest volcano on Mars,is
Mount Qomolangma.
句式仿写
总的来说,他们吃的垃圾食品是其他国家人的两倍。
(应用文写作·健康生活)


about twice as high
as
In general,they eat twice as much junk food as people in other countries.
Ⅲ.重点语法回顾
1.当中心词为序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the next、the only等修饰时,常用 作后置定语。
2.如果作定语的不定式是不及物动词,或者不定式修饰的 词或 词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后需要加相应的 词。
3.动词不定式作原因状语,常置于一些 词或 分词后,来说明产生某种情感的 。
4.动词不定式作结果状语,强调的是一种 的结果,通常与
搭配。现在分词作结果状语,强调的是一种 的结果。
动词不定式
名
代
介
形容
过去
原因
意想不到
only
顺承的、自然而然
课时作业
基础进阶·情境运用
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.His 　　　　 (热衷的) interest in space exploration led him to become an astronaut.
2.There is always an 　　 　　 (争论) about the existence of aliens in the universe.
3.The research on the universe is so 　 　　　 (浅的) that we can only see a small part of it.
keen
argument
shallow
4.Satellites are 　 　　　 (定期地) sent into space to study the universe.
5.Our knowledge of the universe is 　 　　　 (有限的).
6.The 　　　 　 (神秘事物) of the universe continue to puzzle scientists.
7. 　　 　　 (模式) in the universe can help us understand its formation.
8.Robots can be 　　　 　 (绑) to spacecraft for repair work.
regularly
limited
mysteries
Patterns
attached
Ⅱ.语境填词
1.The hotel has its own pool and leisure 　　　 　(facility).
2.My younger brother is keen 　　　　 detective stories.
3.Burning coal causes serious air pollution and increases the 　 　
(globe) warming.
4.Settle the question by 　　　 　(argue),not by fight.
5.His carelessness resulted 　　　　 his failure in the exam.
6.We are reminded to pay attention to the following sentence
　 　　(pattern).
facilities
on
global
argument
in
patterns
7.This information is only raw data and will need further 　 　
(analyse).
8.He is being constantly 　　 　　 (monitor) with regular checks on his blood pressure.
9.Because of my 　　　 　 dieting,I am physically unhealthy.So I must have 　　　 　 diets and work out 　　 　　.(regular)
10.A person’s life is 　　 　 but serving the people is 　　 　　.
(limit)
analysis
monitored
irregular
regular
regularly
limited
limitless
Ⅲ.情境写作
1.令我们兴奋的是,这次太空任务带来了许多新发现。
To our excitement,the space mission 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　.
2.最后,我想对所有的宇航员表示感谢。
　　　　　,I would like to express my gratitude to all the astronauts.
3.燃料耗尽,飞船被迫紧急着陆。
　　　　　　　,forcing the spaceship to make an emergency landing.
resulted in many new discoveries
In closing
The fuel ran out
4.火箭到达的高度是先前记录的两倍。
The rocket reached a height 　　　　　　　　 that of the previous record.
5.我们对宇宙的认识仅限于我们所能观察到的。
Our knowledge of the universe 　　　　　　　　　 what we could observe.
6.政府非常重视这次的太空计划。
The government 　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 the space programme.
twice as high as
was limited to
attached great importance to
Ⅳ.句子语法填空
1.To tell the truth,everyone thought she was the most suitable woman 　　　　(take) the job.
2.When you make a decision 　　　 　 (buy) something,you must remember that a good name of a product doesn’t necessarily mean good quality of it.
3.Mary hurried to the booking office,only 　　 　　 (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.
to take
to buy
to be told
4.Volunteering gives you a chance 　　　　 (change) lives,including your own.
5.This is the only way we can come up with 　　 　　 (reduce) the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
to change
to reduce
话题延伸·素养升华
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
China’s Yutu 2 Rover (探月车),which was crossing a crater
(环形山) on the far side of the moon,discovered a mysterious,cube-like structure as it scanned the skyline.The unknown structure seemed to be located around 260 feet away from where the Rover crossed.
Our Space,associated with the Chinese National Space Administration which controls Yutu 2,first noted the object in a post;the story gave a nickname to the object “mystery hut”.Yutu 2 has since adjusted course to check out the cube,and will spend the next 2 to 3 lunar days investigating this mysterious moon feature.
The Yutu 2 Rover launched with China’s Chang’e 4 mission in 2018,reached the moon in January 2019.The mission aimed to discover more about the far side of the moon,or as pop culture calls it,the “dark side” of the moon.Contrary to this nickname,the far side of the moon is not actually always dark,it just faces away from Earth.The rover,solar powered,goes into a kind of hibernation (休眠)
when the sun sets on the far side of the moon,and wakes up to work when the sun rises over the crater.
Yutu 2 has seen plenty of interesting moon features in its travels already,including a strange gel (胶状物) that turned out to be some rocks melted together,and some pieces that were likely to be from the impact of a meteor(流星).The Chang’e 4 mission has also brought forth some fascinating new discoveries like what could be pieces of the moon’s mantle (覆盖层).
Whatever this structure turns out to be,Yutu 2 will continue uncovering other secrets the “dark side” of the moon is holding.
语篇导读:本文是新闻报道。文章介绍了中国的“玉兔二号”探月车在月球背面进行的移动探测及其发现。
(　　)1.What does “mystery hut” in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.Yutu 2 Rover.
B.A cube-like structure.
C.A newly discovered crater.
D.Chinese National Space Administration.
√
答案及剖析:
1.B　猜测短语题。根据画线短语前的the object以及画线短语后的“Yutu 2 has since adjusted course to check out the cube”可知,画线短语指的是第一段中的a mysterious,cube-like structure,故选B。
(　　)2.Why was Yutu 2 sent onto the moon
A.To research into the dark side of the moon.
B.To explore the use of solar energy on the moon.
C.To take pictures of the sun from the far side of the moon.
D.To measure the distance between Earth and the moon.
√
答案及剖析:
2.A　细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句可知,发送“玉兔二号”探月车的目的是研究月球的背面,故选A。
(　　)3.What can we learn from the discoveries made by Yutu 2
A.Sunshine cannot reach the far side of the moon.
B.The temperature on the moon is always changing.
C.Many rocky mountains rise on the surface of the moon.
D.The moon may have been crashed into by another object.
√
答案及剖析:
3.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第一句可知,“玉兔二号”的发现表明月球可能被另一物体撞击过,故选D。
(　　)4.In which section of a website may this text appear
A.Health. B.Technology.
C.Politics. D.Economy.
√
答案及剖析:
4.B　推理判断题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍的是中国的“玉兔二号”探月车在月球背面进行的移动探测及其发现,这属于科技范畴,因此本文最有可能出现在科技板块,故选B。
B
The Shrinking Storm on Jupiter(木星)
It’s snowing,but the clouds are red.The wind howls at 400 miles an hour,faster than a hurricane.And it’s colder than the North Pole.
Named the Great Red Spot,this storm is on Jupiter,the largest planet that goes around the sun.The storm is shrinking.No one knows why—or what it will do next.
Astronomers discovered the Great Red Spot by looking at Jupiter through telescopes.The spot,once estimated to be 2.6×104 km across,was just 1.2×104 km wide when the Hubble Space Telescope last observed it.“It’s at the smallest size that we’ve ever seen,” says Dr Amy Simon,an astronomer who studies the storm.It’s also changing shape,looking more like a circle than its usual oval.
Jupiter differs greatly from Earth.It’s made mostly of hydrogen and helium(氦).However,Jupiter’s great gravity squeezes the hydrogen and helium,turning most of these elements into liquid.Only the outer part of Jupiter is gas.And that’s where the Great Red Spot is.No one knows why the Great Red Spot is red.
Like Jupiter’s air,the spot is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gases.But they have no colour.So something else must colour the spot red.
Mysteries abound about the spot,such as what powers it and why it is so red.Now another one arises.The Great Red Spot has lasted longer than any storm on Earth.On Earth,hurricanes weaken when they move from sea to land,and when they move north or south.Neither of these things happens on Jupiter.Yet the storm is shrinking.“Could it disappear ”asks Dr Simon.“Would I bet money on it one way or the other Probably not.”
语篇导读:本文是说明文。文章介绍了天文学家通过望远镜发现了木星的大红斑,还发现大红斑正变得越来越小,越来越圆。
(　　)5.What do we learn about the Great Red Spot
A.It is getting smaller and rounder.
B.It is getting colder and faster.
C.It is getting higher and redder.
D.It is getting redder and lighter.
√
答案及剖析:
5.A　细节理解题。根据文章标题、第一段的“The storm is shrinking.”以及第二段的“The spot,once estimated... ‘It’s at the smallest size that we’ve ever seen,’says Dr Amy Simon”可知,大红斑(the Great Red Spot)正变得越来越小;根据第二段的最后一句可知,大红斑变得越来越圆。故选A。
(　　)6.What can we learn about Jupiter from this article
A.It is bigger than the sun.
B.It has slight gravity.
C.It contains liquid and gas.
D.It usually looks red.
√
答案及剖析:
6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段的“It’s made mostly of... into liquid.”可知,木星主要由氢和氦组成,然而木星的巨大引力挤压了氢和氦,将它们中的大多数变成了液体;再根据第三段的第三句可知,木星外层部分是气体。由此可知,木星上有液体和气体,故选C。
(　　)7.What does the underlined word “abound” in the last paragraph mean
A.Get solved finally.
B.Go missing abruptly.
C.Exist numerously.
D.Decrease gradually.
√
答案及剖析:
7.C　猜测词义题。画线词所在段中的“what powers it and why it is so red”和another one指的都是谜团(Mysteries),结合语境推测,此处想表达这些谜团有很多,现在又出现了另一个。结合选项可知C项与画线词表达的意思一致,意为“大量存在;有许多”,故选C。
(　　)8.What is Dr Simon’s attitude towards the disappearance of the Great Red Spot
A.Hopeful. B.Confident.
C.Worried. D.Doubtful.
√
答案及剖析:
8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Simon博士对大红斑是否会消失这件事不敢打赌(bet),也就是并不确定。故选D。
Ⅱ.完形填空
Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.Yet more than half of them have 　1　 to reach the planet about 55 million kilometres away from Earth.So after China’s Mars probe,Tianwen 1,was 　2　 on 23 July 2020,there was an 　3　 wait for its progress.
The craft landed 　4　 on the surface of the planet on 15 May 2021.The news met with both 　5　 and celebration in the country.
The landing was 　6　 exactly as planned,which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering 　7　,and shows that China has 　8　 the technologies independently.
It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China’s scientific and technological development in recent decades
　9　 some failures in exploring outer space.
China made its early 　10　 in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s when the country 　11　 largely a backward agricultural country.　12　,the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades,making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause.
In April 2021,China sent Tianhe into space,　13　 a series of launches that finally completed the building of the space station in 2022.
All these achievements have 　14　 greatly to the peaceful use of outer space.During its Mars mission,China has worked with European 　15　 and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future.
语篇导读:本文是说明文。“天问一号”成功着陆火星是中国太空技术发展的巨大飞跃。
(　　)1.
答案及剖析:
1.B　根据“Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.”和Yet可知,超过一半的火星任务未能到达距离地球约5 500万公里的行星。failed to do sth意为“未能做成某事”,符合语境。故选B。
A.begun B.failed
C.attempted D.succeeded
√
(　　)2.
答案及剖析:
2.C　根据下文“The craft landed 　4　 on the surface of the planet on 15 May 2021.”和常识可知,此处指“天问一号”的发射(launched)。故选C。
A.transported B.discovered
C.launched D.settled
√
答案及剖析:
3.A　根据上文可知,火星任务失败率很高,因此在“天问一号”发射之后,所有人都在焦急(anxious)等待它的进展情况。故选A。
(　　)3.
A.anxious B.aware
C.awkward D.amazing
√
答案及剖析:
4.B　根据“The news met with both 　5　 and celebration in the country.”可知,飞行器安全(safely)着陆在火星表面,举国欢庆。故选B。
(　　)4.
A.suddenly B.safely
C.calmly D.obviously
√
答案及剖析:
5.D　根据“The craft landed 　4　 on the surface of the planet”可知,飞行器安全着陆火星的消息令人宽慰(relief)。故选D。
(　　)5.
A.protest B.regret
C.pity D.relief
√
答案及剖析:
6.C　根据as planned可知,飞行器的着陆是按计划实施(carried out)的。故选C。
(　　)6.
A.carried away B.carried off
C.carried out D.carried on
√
答案及剖析:
7.A　根据下一段的in exploring outer space可知,飞行器安全地着陆在火星表面是一次太空探索,中国已然跻身于世界先锋探索者(explorers)行列。故选A。
(　　)7.
A.explorers B.applicants
C.officials D.editors
√
答案及剖析:
8.C　根据the technologies independently可知,此次火星着陆证明中国已经自主研发(developed)出了此类技术。故选C。
(　　)8.
A.borrowed B.selected
C.developed D.removed
√
(　　)9.
A.without B.beyond
C.except D.despite
答案及剖析:
9.D　根据some failures in exploring outer space可知,空后与主句之间有让步关系,尽管(despite)太空探索曾遇到失败,但是敢做能为的精神还是在科技发展过程中发挥了重大作用。故选D。
√
答案及剖析:
10.D　根据in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s可知,中国在火箭和太空技术方面取得了早期的突破(breakthroughs)。故选D。
(　　)10.
A.promises B.impacts
C.inventions D.breakthroughs
√
答案及剖析:
11.B　根据from the 1960s when和largely a backward agricultural country并结合常识可知,当时中国在很大程度上仍是(remained)一个落后的农业国家。故选B。
(　　)11.
A.became B.remained
C.ended D.started
√
答案及剖析:
12.D　根据“the country has made the most of what it had...move ahead in the aerospace cause”与上文的largely a backward agricultural country可知,前后为转折关系。故选D。
(　　)12.
A.Thus B.Therefore
C.Furthermore D.However
√
(　　)13.
A.starting off B.cutting off
C.getting off D.putting off
√
答案及剖析:
13.A　根据“China sent Tianhe into space”和下文a series of launches可知,随着天和核心舱进入太空,中国开始了(starting off)一系列建设太空站的发射任务。故选A。
答案及剖析:
14.B　根据greatly to the peaceful use of outer space可知,中国的所有这些成就极大地促进了(contributed)外太空的和平使用。故选B。
(　　)14.
A.appealed B.contributed
C.responded D.belonged
√
答案及剖析:
15.C　根据“and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future”可知,在火星任务实施期间,中国已经和其他国家一起合作来探索太空。故选C。
(　　)15.
A.neighbours B.friends
C.partners D.classmates
√
Ⅲ.写作训练
你校英文报正在组织题为“My Understanding of Space Exploration”的征文活动。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿,内容包括:
1.太空探索的重要性;
2.你的理由;
3.举例说明。
注意:写作词数应为80个左右。
　
　
My Understanding of Space Exploration
　
　
[写作指导]
One possible version:
My Understanding of Space Exploration
In my opinion,space exploration is crucial for the progress and development of mankind.The reasons are as follows.
First of all,people can attain new knowledge of outer space through their exploration.Secondly,human beings could get access to new resources,thus solving energy shortage problems on Earth.Thirdly,this exploration could possibly bring about new living space for human life in the near future.
We often benefit from space exploration.For example,space exploration has given us communications satellites,which enable us to stay connected globally.Overall,space exploration is essential for our future and should continue to be a priority.
谢 谢 观 看

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