资源简介

专题二　选择题突破
INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础巩固]
1．一个物体正常运动的平均速度约为5 m/s，该物体可能是(　　)
A．乌龟 B．老虎
C．自行车 D．飞机
2．关于物态变化，下列说法正确的是(　　)
A．冬天的早晨，田野里的草叶上有一层白霜，这是凝固现象
B．夏天吃冰棒时，揭开包装纸后会看见冰棒冒“白气”，这是汽化现象
C．非晶体有确定的熔点，在熔化过程中尽管不断吸热，温度却保持不变
D．炎热的夏天，小狗常把舌头伸出来，是利用汽化时需要吸热来降温的
3．(2025·新余二模)关于电影放映，下列说法正确的是(　　)
A．放映机的镜头与近视眼镜为同一种透镜
B．放映时巨幕应置于放映机镜头的2倍焦距内
C．巨幕做成粗糙平面，是为了让光在幕布上发生漫反射
D．观影者看到巨幕上的画面是倒立放大的虚像
4．下列有关材料、能源、信息的说法正确的是(　　)
A．化石燃料、水能、地热能都属于新能源
B．电磁波的波长与频率成正比
C．核电站利用核裂变将核能转化为电能
D．超导材料可以应用于任何电器并使其效率提高
5．(多选)(2025·上饶三模改编)实验中学举行了中学生自制火箭比赛．甲组参赛选手对水火箭打气，拉开气阀，水向下喷出，水火箭一飞冲天(如图甲所示).乙组参赛选手用塑料瓶自制了火箭模型(如图乙所示)，先在瓶内喷入酒精，然后盖上锥形纸筒，再按下电火花发生器按钮，点燃瓶内酒精气体，纸筒向上飞出．下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．水对水火箭向上的推力是水火箭向上起飞的原因
B．水火箭上升过程中，水火箭的机械能一直增大
C．瓶内酒精燃烧越充分，酒精热值越大
D．纸筒飞出后瓶内气体的内能不变，温度不变
6．(多选)(2025·江西模拟预测)图甲所示的青铜漏壶是我国古代一种极为重要的滴水计时器具，乙为它的模拟示意图．漏水壶通过底部的出水口向受水壶中滴水，受水壶中的箭尺始终处于漂浮状态．当受水壶中水面升高时，下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．箭尺排开水的体积不变
B．受水壶底部受到水的压强变大
C．箭尺排开水的重力不变
D．箭尺受到的浮力变大
7．(多选)如图所示，当电流从电流表“＋”流入时，电流表指针会顺时针偏转．把条形磁铁N极向下插入和电流表组成闭合电路的线圈中，电流表指针向左偏转．下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．若把插入线圈中的磁铁向外抽出，电流表指针仍然向左偏转
B．把磁铁N极向下插入线圈时，线圈上端是S极
C．把磁铁N极向下插入线圈停止后，电流表指针位置保持不变
D．磁铁插入线圈后，将磁铁和线圈一起以同一速度向上运动，电流表指针会偏转
8．如图所示，闭合开关S1、S2，灯泡L2正常发光、L1不亮．保持开关闭合，用测电笔插入插座上孔、下孔、b、d、f各点，只有插座上孔能发光，其余氖管都不发光．则电路发生的故障可能是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．a、e之间断路
B．b、f之间断路
C．灯泡L1灯丝断了
D．b点到中性线之间断路
9．(多选)如图所示，电源电压不变．闭合开关S，当滑片P置于中点时，电压表示数为4 V；当滑片P置于b端时，电压表示数变化了2 V，定值电阻R1的电功率为4 W．则下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．电源电压为10 V
B．R1的阻值为18 Ω
C．滑动变阻器R的最大阻值为9 Ω
D．R1先后两次消耗的电功率之比为4∶3
10．如图所示， 一个重为300 N 的物块，在大小不变的拉力F＝20 N作用下，沿水平面以0.4 m/s 的速度匀速运动10 s，此过程中，滑轮组的机械效率为75%(不计绳子和滑轮重).则下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．绳子自由端移动的距离为8 m
B．拉力F做功的功率为24 W
C．物块在运动的过程中所受的摩擦力为30 N
D．上述过程中做的额外功为80 J
[全国视野]
1．(2024·河北)对日常生活中相关数据的估测，符合实际的是(　　)
A．一个鸡蛋的质量约为0.5 kg
B．去菜市场时的步行速度约为1 m/s
C．普通酒精灯的高度约为10 mm
D．冰箱正常工作时冷藏室的温度约为26 ℃
2．(2024·湖北武汉)北宋文学家欧阳修在一首词中有这样的描写：“无风水面琉璃滑，不觉船移……”其中“不觉船移”所选的参照物可能是(　　)
A．船在水中的倒影
B．船周围的浮萍
C．被船惊飞的鸟
D．船附近岸边的花草
3．(2024·四川广安)中华民族传统乐器历史悠久、种类繁多．关于乐器使用所涉及的声现象，下列分析正确的是(　　)
A．唢呐表演，模仿鸟儿的叫声令人愉悦，是乐音
B．笛子演奏，按压不同位置的气孔，主要改变声音的响度
C．击鼓鸣锣，告知将士冲锋或收兵，说明声音可以传递能量
D．敲击编钟，周围的人能听到声音，说明声音的传播不需要介质
4．(多选)(2025·云南)云南是旅游胜地，关于图中的自然景观，下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙 丁
A．图甲中元阳梯田的雾的形成是汽化现象
B．图乙中梅里雪山的雪的形成是凝华现象
C．图丙中腾冲温泉上方的“白气”的形成是升华现象
D．图丁中西双版纳雨林的露珠的形成是液化现象
5．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)科技发展对人类社会进步具有积极意义．下列关于科技应用的原理正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙 丁
A．甲图：拦河坝上窄下宽的设计利用了连通器的原理
B．乙图：磁悬浮列车利用磁极间的相互作用实现了车体的悬浮
C．丙图：潜水器主要通过改变自身重力实现上浮和下沉
D．丁图：飞机获得的升力利用了流体压强与流速的关系
6．(2024·江苏苏州)2024年6月2日，在鹊桥二号中继星的支持下，嫦娥六号着陆器和上升器组合体成功着陆在月球背面，实现了人类首次在月背样品采集．我国积极开展国际合作，嫦娥六号还搭载了激光角反射器等多国的实验装置，下列相关说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．采集的样品返回地球后质量会减小
B．太阳能电池是将光能转变为内能的
C．激光角反射器能使光线方向改变90°
D．控制中心利用电磁波通过鹊桥二号实现对嫦娥六号的控制
7．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)如图所示，闭合开关，两个小灯泡L1和L2均能发光．下列关于该电路的分析正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．若甲为电流表，则两灯一定并联
B．若乙为电流表，则乙测L1的电流
C．若丙为电流表，则丙测L1的电流
D．若甲为电流表，则乙可能为电压表
8．(2024·湖北武汉)如图所示的是某同学家部分家庭电路的示意图．电能表上标有“220 V　10(40) A”的字样，他家正在使用的所有用电器总功率为6 kW，其中电饭煲的功率为1.5 kW，饭煮熟后，他将这个电饭煲插头从插座中拔出，再将功率为1 kW的电热水壶插头接入插座中，其他用电器仍正常工作，闭合电热水壶上的开关，空气开关跳闸．空气开关跳闸的原因可能是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．照明灯的开关接在了零线与灯泡之间
B．用电器的总功率过大
C．电热水壶的内部电路短路
D．接入电热水壶的插座短路
9．(2024·四川眉山)如图甲所示，粗糙程度不变的水平地面上，物体受到水平向右的拉力．拉力大小随时间变化的关系如图乙所示，物体运动速度随时间变化的关系如图丙所示．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙
A．4～6 s，物体运动路程为18 m
B．4～6 s，拉力F的功率为12 W
C．t＝1 s时，物体受到的摩擦力大于2 N
D．拉力为6 N时，物体做匀速直线运动
10．(多选)(2025·四川泸州)物理应用无处不在．如图甲、乙所示，是拳击训练中为测量击打力大小而设计的电路，电源电压恒为6 V，R0为20 Ω的定值电阻，电流表量程为0～0.6 A，R为压敏电阻，其电阻值R与击打力F的关系如图丙所示．下列说法中正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙
A．用甲电路测试，当击打力为1 000 N时，电流表的示数为0.12 A
B．用乙电路测试，当电流表示数为0.50 A时，击打力为2 000 N
C．甲、乙两电路相比，甲电路的击打力测量范围较小
D．乙电路中可增大R0的阻值来增大击打力测量范围专题二　选择题突破
INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "课后检测能力达标.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
[基础巩固]
1．一个物体正常运动的平均速度约为5 m/s，该物体可能是(　　)
A．乌龟 B．老虎
C．自行车 D．飞机
答案：C
2．关于物态变化，下列说法正确的是(　　)
A．冬天的早晨，田野里的草叶上有一层白霜，这是凝固现象
B．夏天吃冰棒时，揭开包装纸后会看见冰棒冒“白气”，这是汽化现象
C．非晶体有确定的熔点，在熔化过程中尽管不断吸热，温度却保持不变
D．炎热的夏天，小狗常把舌头伸出来，是利用汽化时需要吸热来降温的
答案：D
3．(2025·新余二模)关于电影放映，下列说法正确的是(　　)
A．放映机的镜头与近视眼镜为同一种透镜
B．放映时巨幕应置于放映机镜头的2倍焦距内
C．巨幕做成粗糙平面，是为了让光在幕布上发生漫反射
D．观影者看到巨幕上的画面是倒立放大的虚像
答案：C
4．下列有关材料、能源、信息的说法正确的是(　　)
A．化石燃料、水能、地热能都属于新能源
B．电磁波的波长与频率成正比
C．核电站利用核裂变将核能转化为电能
D．超导材料可以应用于任何电器并使其效率提高
答案：C
5．(多选)(2025·上饶三模改编)实验中学举行了中学生自制火箭比赛．甲组参赛选手对水火箭打气，拉开气阀，水向下喷出，水火箭一飞冲天(如图甲所示).乙组参赛选手用塑料瓶自制了火箭模型(如图乙所示)，先在瓶内喷入酒精，然后盖上锥形纸筒，再按下电火花发生器按钮，点燃瓶内酒精气体，纸筒向上飞出．下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-285A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．水对水火箭向上的推力是水火箭向上起飞的原因
B．水火箭上升过程中，水火箭的机械能一直增大
C．瓶内酒精燃烧越充分，酒精热值越大
D．纸筒飞出后瓶内气体的内能不变，温度不变
答案：BCD
6．(多选)(2025·江西模拟预测)图甲所示的青铜漏壶是我国古代一种极为重要的滴水计时器具，乙为它的模拟示意图．漏水壶通过底部的出水口向受水壶中滴水，受水壶中的箭尺始终处于漂浮状态．当受水壶中水面升高时，下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-286A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙
A．箭尺排开水的体积不变
B．受水壶底部受到水的压强变大
C．箭尺排开水的重力不变
D．箭尺受到的浮力变大
答案：ABC
7．(多选)如图所示，当电流从电流表“＋”流入时，电流表指针会顺时针偏转．把条形磁铁N极向下插入和电流表组成闭合电路的线圈中，电流表指针向左偏转．下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-531.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．若把插入线圈中的磁铁向外抽出，电流表指针仍然向左偏转
B．把磁铁N极向下插入线圈时，线圈上端是S极
C．把磁铁N极向下插入线圈停止后，电流表指针位置保持不变
D．磁铁插入线圈后，将磁铁和线圈一起以同一速度向上运动，电流表指针会偏转
答案：ACD
8．如图所示，闭合开关S1、S2，灯泡L2正常发光、L1不亮．保持开关闭合，用测电笔插入插座上孔、下孔、b、d、f各点，只有插座上孔能发光，其余氖管都不发光．则电路发生的故障可能是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-530.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．a、e之间断路
B．b、f之间断路
C．灯泡L1灯丝断了
D．b点到中性线之间断路
答案：C
9．(多选)如图所示，电源电压不变．闭合开关S，当滑片P置于中点时，电压表示数为4 V；当滑片P置于b端时，电压表示数变化了2 V，定值电阻R1的电功率为4 W．则下列说法错误的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-529.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．电源电压为10 V
B．R1的阻值为18 Ω
C．滑动变阻器R的最大阻值为9 Ω
D．R1先后两次消耗的电功率之比为4∶3
答案：ABD
10．如图所示， 一个重为300 N 的物块，在大小不变的拉力F＝20 N作用下，沿水平面以0.4 m/s 的速度匀速运动10 s，此过程中，滑轮组的机械效率为75%(不计绳子和滑轮重).则下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-524.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．绳子自由端移动的距离为8 m
B．拉力F做功的功率为24 W
C．物块在运动的过程中所受的摩擦力为30 N
D．上述过程中做的额外功为80 J
解析：选B．物块移动的距离为s＝vt＝0.4 m/s×10 s＝4 m，由图可知动滑轮上有三段绳子，故绳子自由端移动的距离为物块移动距离的三倍，即12 m，故A错误；因为动滑轮上有三段绳子，绳子自由端移动的距离为物块移动距离的三倍，所以拉力移动的速度为物块速度的三倍，即1.2 m/s，则拉力F做功的功率为P＝Fv＝20 N×1.2 m/s＝24 W，故B正确；拉力F做的功为W总＝Fs1＝20 N×12 m＝240 J，根据η＝，得W有用＝ηW总＝75%×240 J＝180 J，物块水平方向上的拉力为F1＝＝＝45 N，物块做匀速运动，所以物块水平方向上受力平衡，根据二力平衡得f＝F1＝45 N，故C错误；额外功为W额外＝W总－W有用＝240 J－180 J＝60 J，故D错误．故选B．
[全国视野]
1．(2024·河北)对日常生活中相关数据的估测，符合实际的是(　　)
A．一个鸡蛋的质量约为0.5 kg
B．去菜市场时的步行速度约为1 m/s
C．普通酒精灯的高度约为10 mm
D．冰箱正常工作时冷藏室的温度约为26 ℃
答案：B
2．(2024·湖北武汉)北宋文学家欧阳修在一首词中有这样的描写：“无风水面琉璃滑，不觉船移……”其中“不觉船移”所选的参照物可能是(　　)
A．船在水中的倒影
B．船周围的浮萍
C．被船惊飞的鸟
D．船附近岸边的花草
答案：A
3．(2024·四川广安)中华民族传统乐器历史悠久、种类繁多．关于乐器使用所涉及的声现象，下列分析正确的是(　　)
A．唢呐表演，模仿鸟儿的叫声令人愉悦，是乐音
B．笛子演奏，按压不同位置的气孔，主要改变声音的响度
C．击鼓鸣锣，告知将士冲锋或收兵，说明声音可以传递能量
D．敲击编钟，周围的人能听到声音，说明声音的传播不需要介质
答案：A
4．(多选)(2025·云南)云南是旅游胜地，关于图中的自然景观，下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-289C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙 丁
A．图甲中元阳梯田的雾的形成是汽化现象
B．图乙中梅里雪山的雪的形成是凝华现象
C．图丙中腾冲温泉上方的“白气”的形成是升华现象
D．图丁中西双版纳雨林的露珠的形成是液化现象
答案：BD
5．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)科技发展对人类社会进步具有积极意义．下列关于科技应用的原理正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-290C．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙 丁
A．甲图：拦河坝上窄下宽的设计利用了连通器的原理
B．乙图：磁悬浮列车利用磁极间的相互作用实现了车体的悬浮
C．丙图：潜水器主要通过改变自身重力实现上浮和下沉
D．丁图：飞机获得的升力利用了流体压强与流速的关系
答案：BCD
6．(2024·江苏苏州)2024年6月2日，在鹊桥二号中继星的支持下，嫦娥六号着陆器和上升器组合体成功着陆在月球背面，实现了人类首次在月背样品采集．我国积极开展国际合作，嫦娥六号还搭载了激光角反射器等多国的实验装置，下列相关说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-549.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．采集的样品返回地球后质量会减小
B．太阳能电池是将光能转变为内能的
C．激光角反射器能使光线方向改变90°
D．控制中心利用电磁波通过鹊桥二号实现对嫦娥六号的控制
答案：D
7．(多选)(2025·山东烟台)如图所示，闭合开关，两个小灯泡L1和L2均能发光．下列关于该电路的分析正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-291.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．若甲为电流表，则两灯一定并联
B．若乙为电流表，则乙测L1的电流
C．若丙为电流表，则丙测L1的电流
D．若甲为电流表，则乙可能为电压表
答案：AC
8．(2024·湖北武汉)如图所示的是某同学家部分家庭电路的示意图．电能表上标有“220 V　10(40) A”的字样，他家正在使用的所有用电器总功率为6 kW，其中电饭煲的功率为1.5 kW，饭煮熟后，他将这个电饭煲插头从插座中拔出，再将功率为1 kW的电热水壶插头接入插座中，其他用电器仍正常工作，闭合电热水壶上的开关，空气开关跳闸．空气开关跳闸的原因可能是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-543.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
A．照明灯的开关接在了零线与灯泡之间
B．用电器的总功率过大
C．电热水壶的内部电路短路
D．接入电热水壶的插座短路
答案：C
9．(2024·四川眉山)如图甲所示，粗糙程度不变的水平地面上，物体受到水平向右的拉力．拉力大小随时间变化的关系如图乙所示，物体运动速度随时间变化的关系如图丙所示．下列说法正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-536.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-537.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "25W-538.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙
A．4～6 s，物体运动路程为18 m
B．4～6 s，拉力F的功率为12 W
C．t＝1 s时，物体受到的摩擦力大于2 N
D．拉力为6 N时，物体做匀速直线运动
答案：B
10．(多选)(2025·四川泸州)物理应用无处不在．如图甲、乙所示，是拳击训练中为测量击打力大小而设计的电路，电源电压恒为6 V，R0为20 Ω的定值电阻，电流表量程为0～0.6 A，R为压敏电阻，其电阻值R与击打力F的关系如图丙所示．下列说法中正确的是(　　)
INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292.tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292A．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT INCLUDEPICTURE "26JXWL-292B．tif" \* MERGEFORMAT
甲 乙 丙
A．用甲电路测试，当击打力为1 000 N时，电流表的示数为0.12 A
B．用乙电路测试，当电流表示数为0.50 A时，击打力为2 000 N
C．甲、乙两电路相比，甲电路的击打力测量范围较小
D．乙电路中可增大R0的阻值来增大击打力测量范围
答案：AD

展开更多......

收起↑